Good day, dear friends!
Lentils are an annual herbaceous plant belonging to, widely cultivated in household plots. It is believed that among legumes, lentils have exceptional taste.
The agricultural technology of the crop is quite simple, so any novice gardener can easily grow lentils and get a bountiful harvest of highly nutritious and healthy grains in their own garden.
Soil for lentils
The plant is quite unpretentious and undemanding to the soil, however best harvests collected during cultivation on loamy and supechschany chernozems. The only requirement for the soil is neutral acidity.
Therefore, if the earth is acidic on your personal plot, then in the fall it is required to carry out measures to alkalize it. During autumn digging, lime is scattered around the site or dolomite flour. Vegetable ash serves as a good neutralizer of acidity, its application rates depend on the initial soil parameters and vary within the range of 2-4 kg / sq. meter.
Plot for lentils
The best areas for lentils are located on the southern and southwestern slopes. Culture grows well in lighted places. Heavy clay soils should be structured before planting. The soil is well loosened by the introduction of river sand or tyrsa during autumn digging.
As predecessors for growing lentils, you should choose winter and pumpkin crops, potatoes, corn, tomatoes and cabbage. The soil after growing lentils is enriched with nitrogen compounds that are in a form bioavailable to other plants. Therefore, like all legumes, the culture is effective.
You can not plant lentils in their original place and after any legumes - beans, peas, peanuts, soybeans, beans. It is possible to return culture to the old garden bed only after three to five years.
Basic rules of lentil farming
1. The culture is drought-resistant, but at the initial stage of vegetation it is quite demanding on soil moisture.
2. Planting is carried out when the soil warms up to a depth of 5-10 cm to a temperature of + 5-6 ° C. The vegetative period of lentils is longer than at, so it is sown in more early dates(usually April).
3. Fresh cow or horse manure should not be applied under the crop, as active organic compounds stimulate the growth of green mass, which reduces fruiting.
4. In areas filled with organic matter for previous crops, for example, pumpkin, lentils are placed in the second year.
6. In the spring, the prepared area is dug up shallowly, the earth is loosened and harrowed. The applied doses of fertilizers for lentils are enough for the entire period of growth.
7. Before sowing, it is advisable to disinfect the grains by soaking them in a solution of potassium permanganate (1%) or blue vitriol(1%). Suitable for disinfecting planting material and ash infusion (a tablespoon of ash per liter of clean water).
8. On the beds, lentils are sown in rows, the distance between which is kept at 10-15 cm. The sowing is quite thick, at the rate of 100-110 grams of seeds per hundred square meters. The depth of embedding grains is about 5 cm. Be sure to dig in and shed the beds after planting.
9. If the plants develop slowly, and the color of the tops has a lower intensity than usual (pale green, stunted leaves), then this indicates. To eliminate the defect, it is necessary to feed the plantings with a solution ammonium nitrate(boxes of matches on a bucket of water).
10. Planting care is extremely simple: regular watering in spring, moistening the soil in drought (every 5-6 days), manual removal of weeds, loosening of row spacing to increase aeration and water permeability of the soil. During the flowering period of the crop, watering is reduced to moderate.
11. Harvesting is carried out in stages. Culture matures unevenly. A sign of ripeness is the yellowing of 60-70% of the lower beans. Unripe lentils are considered a valuable food item, especially in France. These grains are successfully used in the preparation of gourmet dishes.
Try grow lentils. After all, by sowing it on the site, you will significantly improve chemical composition soil. Nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria, located on the roots of the culture, absorb nitrogen from the air, processing it into bioavailable forms for the plant world. Therefore, after lentils, there is an increase in the yield of the main horticultural and horticultural crops.
Have a good harvest! See you!
Only those who have never tried dishes prepared from it say nothing about lentils. Since ancient times, she has been respected. In the West, and in the East, and in Rus', lentils have always taken pride of place on the table. There is a lot to respect for her.
INCREDIBLY USEFUL
Remember the benefits of protein for the body? So, just lentils contain vegetable protein, which is easily absorbed by the body. And since there are no fats in the composition of lentils, it is simply indispensable for those who are on a diet.
One serving of lentils contains 90% of the daily requirement of folic acid, so necessary for female youth.
Also, lentils contain soluble fiber, which improves digestion and is an excellent prophylactic for rectal cancer.
For vegetarians, lentils are an alternative to meat. From lentil flour to Ancient Rus' baked the healthiest bread amazing taste.
Hearts and people suffering from disorders nervous system don't skip the lentils! It contains magnesium, iron and molybdenum, which are so necessary for your health.
OUR REFERENCE
In order for the body to better absorb iron, lentil dishes should be served with tomatoes, herbs and red pepper.
WHO SHOULD NOT HAVE LENTILS
Lentils, like many other plants, not everyone can eat. For example, if your body is prone to increased gas formation, avoid lentil dishes, or at least reduce its consumption to a minimum.
Dysbacteriosis and diseases gastrointestinal tract- also a reason to refuse dishes from lentils. Also, do not eat it for people suffering from diseases of the joints (arthritis, arthrosis, gout).
IF POSSIBLE - PLANT
If you are one of the people who are not forbidden to eat lentils, it's time for you to think about a place where you can plant it. However, lentils are a unique plant and can easily grow on almost any soil, even on barren soils (but the harvest will be richer on fertile ones).
In care, she is also picky, most importantly, do not forget to thin out the crops in time, water and loosen the soil.
Places for planting lentils choose sunny.
You can plant it in those places where potatoes, corn or winter crops grew last year.
FERTILIZERS WELCOME
So, we found a place to land. Now think about those fertilizers that will give you a rich harvest. For example, for digging, apply 50-60 g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for every 1 m2 (nitroammophoska - in addition to nitrate, it also contains an ammonium form of nitrogen, which increases the duration of the fertilizer).
WHEN TO SOW
You can start sowing when the soil warms up to a depth of 15-20 cm.
The day before the proposed sowing, soak the seeds in Epin's solution or aloe juice (2 drops per 100 ml of water will help you get 10-15% more yield).
Dry the seeds before planting.
In the garden, make grooves to a depth of 4-5 cm. Plant the seeds at a distance of 12-15 cm from each other. Cover with soil and compact a little. Water carefully (if needed).
After 10-14 days, mass germination of seeds will begin. At this time, carefully loosen the aisles, not giving the weeds a chance to clog the young seedlings.
In the first month and a half, lentil plants grow slowly, gaining strength to pull the crop. But after it has faded, rapid growth and branching will begin, and in August-September it will already be possible to harvest the first crop.
OUR REFERENCE
Keep in mind, lentils ripen unevenly. The first - beans on the lower tiers, later - on the upper ones.
HOW TO CARE FOR HER
Yes, lentils are unpretentious and will dutifully put up with the fact that you forgot to water, loosen and fertilize them. But even to such an attitude, she will respond accordingly - with a stingy harvest. Therefore, during the first month and a half, try to devote a little time at least to watering and weed control. But when the lentils gain strength, watering can be reduced to 2-3 times a week during the driest period.
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Lentils- one of ancient cultures cultivated by mankind. They baked bread from it and made the same lentil soup for which the biblical Esau sold his birthright to his younger brother Jacob. However, this stew is quite tasty and is cooked three times faster than from beans or peas. Lentil grains contain up to 35% protein and about 50% carbohydrates, and 100 g of lentils contain 90% of the daily human need for folic acid. In addition, lentils contain fatty acid and micronutrients.
planting lentils
There are two subspecies of lentils - large-seeded and small-seeded. Small-seeded lentils are more unpretentious and early ripening. The growing season for lentils is from 2.5 to 4 months, so it is grown by sowing seeds in open ground and cultivated in the same way as other leguminous crops.
Lentils are the most thermophilic of the legumes, so they should be sown in a sunny area protected from cold winds. Lentils are absolutely undemanding to the soil and can grow even on poor soils, but they do not tolerate acidic soils at all. On the site intended for planting lentils, it is necessary to carry out an autumn digging of the soil with the introduction of potassium sulfate - 50 g per 1 sq. m. Manure for the cultivation of lentils is not introduced, as it stimulates the excessive growth of green mass to the detriment of the crop. The best precursors for lentils are corn and potatoes.
Lentil seeds germinate at a temperature of 3-4 degrees, which allows it to be sown earlier, as soon as the ground thaws by 15-20 cm. Soil moisture is also necessary for the germination of lentils. Immediately before planting, granular superphosphate is introduced into the soil. Presowing seed treatment is usually limited to soaking seeds in a stimulant solution for a day to increase yield.
Dried lentil seeds are sown densely in rows to a depth of 3-5 cm. At the same time, large-seeded varieties are sown at the rate of 250 seeds per 1 sq. m, and small seeds - about 300 seeds per 1 sq. m. The distance between the rows is 10-15 cm. After planting, the soil surface should be slightly rolled to improve seed germination, and pollinated with wood ash.
Lentils: planting and care
Shoots of lentils appear in 10-14 days. After the emergence of seedlings, the soil in the garden is loosened and all weeds are carefully removed so that they do not interfere with the growth of the plant. Experienced gardeners it is advised to carry out this procedure around noon, when the turgor of the plants is weakened and they are not so fragile.
Before flowering, lentils grow slowly and need regular watering and weeding. Usually this period is about 1.5 months. After flowering, the growth of lentils accelerates, and the need for weeding disappears, and watering is limited to 1 time per week.
Lentils do not ripen evenly, so it is not recommended to delay harvesting. The bottom pods ripen first, then the middle pods, and lastly the top pods. Therefore, harvesting should begin when the lower pods turn yellow and the seeds in them become hard. If you miss this moment, then the beans begin to crack and the grains spill out.
The upper pods are torn off while still green and then dried on a spread film or paper. Not only fully ripe grains are used for food, but also unripe ones, from the apical pods. At the same time, it is believed that green unripe seeds are more valuable than ripened lentils in the lower pods.
After lentils on the site, you can successfully grow any vegetable crops because it enriches the soil with nitrogen.
Lentils, whose health benefits and harms have been known for thousands of years, have been a source of livelihood for our ancestors since prehistoric times. Let us consider in more detail the beneficial effect of lentil dishes on the human body. Unfortunately, it is not often included in our menu. But in vain! It is not only tasty, but also useful. Gourmets of antiquity once considered lentils to be the food of the poor. They even refused to eat it because it was cheap. I would not say that, in Russia, it is cheap product Some varieties of lentils are not cheap. More important, perhaps, is that it is the most delicious product from all legumes.
History of lentils
Lentils are mentioned many times in the Bible: Jacob buys the birthright from Esau for lentil stew.
In the Jewish religion, it is the main food during mourning for the deceased, since the round shape of the grains symbolizes life cycle from birth to death.
It was a major part of the diet of the ancient Iranians, who consumed it daily.
In India, sprouted grains are still offered in many temples as food for the gods.
In Italy, lentils are still eaten on New Year's Eve as a symbol of prosperity, most likely because of the round, coin-like shape of the grains.
In the original version of the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale "Cinderella", the stepmother makes Cinderella choose lentils from the ashes. If Cinderella fails, she won't go to the ball. These facts prove once again that lentils are a popular food in many countries.
In Russia, this leguminous plant began to be grown as an agricultural crop more than five centuries ago. There are references to this in the Kievan chronicles of the 15th century. She was revered like bread.
The largest areas for it were allotted in the 19th century in the Penza province. And lentils grown in the Saratov region, bred in the 30s of the 20th century at the Petrovsky Selection and Experimental Station, were demonstrated at the International Food Exhibition (Brno) - its taste qualities were recognized as the best.
The benefits of lentils for the body
What are the benefits of lentils? It contains 35% proteins (wheat, for comparison, only 13-18%). Grains contain almost 60% starch, 2.5% oil, 2.9% sugar, as well as potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins B 1, B 2, PP, carotene, and others. Protein is well absorbed by the body, contains a sufficient amount of vital amino acids. Dishes from lentils lower cholesterol, blood sugar, prevent constipation.
It contains a large amount of fiber, dietary fiber. And fiber, dietary fiber are crucial for reducing hunger, that is, lentils are useful for those who want to lose weight.
Dishes from lentils are prescribed for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and heart. It is believed that it makes a person patient, calm.
Salad with lentil sprouts Useful sprouted lentils. In order not to repeat yourself, watch the video, everything is clear and understandable there:
Contraindications to the use of lentils
Any product used often enough or uncontrollably will not benefit anyone.
Lentil dishes should not be consumed by people suffering from urolithiasis, joint diseases, gout, as it contains purines. Their excess can lead to the accumulation of uric acid. That is, purines are compounds that can be harmful to people prone to gout or kidney stones. In addition, lentils contain substances that can contribute to… ahem, flatulence.
In terms of taste and nutritional value, it is ahead of all grain legumes.
How to cook lentils? It cooks faster, boils better than other legumes, and has a more subtle, pleasant taste. Soups, cereals, side dishes, stuffing for pies are prepared from it. Lentil flour is added to wheat flour to increase the amount of protein when baking bread. It is added to sausages.
Growing lentils in the country
Lentils are grown as an annual herbaceous plant in the legume family. The stem is 20-35 cm high, it depends on the variety, soil moisture, air. The leaves are paired light, gray, or dark green with 4-7 pairs of narrow leaflets with a twisted apex with long tendrils at the ends. The flowers are white, pink, violet-blue, arranged 1-3 on the peduncle in the axils of the leaves. Each flower produces one short flat pod with one or two seeds.
This is a spring, rather cold-resistant plant. Seedlings withstand frosts down to -3°C and below. Likes sunny places, moist, but not waterlogged soil. The growing season - 75-115 days - depends on the variety, region of cultivation.
The plant is self-pollinating. Feels good on all types of soil, from sand to loam. But does not tolerate waterlogged or soils with high groundwater. It is best for her sandy soils with a high content of phosphorus, potassium.
Comfortable temperature for germination - + 3-5 ° С. Lentils are a long day plant. That is, it grows well where the day is longer (for example, the non-chernozem belt). Like any legume, it ripens quickly, but later than peas.
The depth of seed placement is 3-5 cm. The distance between rows is 30 cm. Seeds are placed in a row every 10 cm. Lentil seeds germinate 10-12 days after sowing.
At first it grows slowly, but as soon as it blooms, a period of active growth begins. This happens 40-45 days after it has risen. The first flowers appear at the bottom. The flowering period lasts 40-50 days.
Of all legumes, lentils are more heat-loving, heat-tolerant, and drought-resistant than, for example, peas. But our Kuban heat, which begins in June, and sometimes earlier, as well as eastern dry winds, does not tolerate well. Therefore, lentils must be sown early.
I sow in early or mid-March (it depends on the weather), when the soil warms up to 5-6 ° C. Before flowering, lentils need a lot of moisture, so you should not be late with sowing.
Suitable air temperature for the formation of stems, fruits - 17-22 degrees. And in the Krasnodar Territory, the temperature in summer is twice as high. Therefore, plant earlier so that it ripens before the start of the heat and you can harvest.
Due to the uneven ripening of lentil fruits, they start harvesting when the beans ripen in the lower and middle parts of the plant. If you are a little late, then the bottom ripe beans will crack open by themselves - the entire crop will be on the ground.
Lentil grains are consumed fully ripe or unripe: unripe ones are even tastier.
Seeds after harvesting are dried immediately so that they do not rot as a result of self-heating. But here, too, it is very important not to overdo it. With high humidity or with prolonged exposure to sunlight, the seeds quickly darken, lose their taste.
The plot for planting lentils is prepared as follows: they dig up the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm, in the fall they apply fertilizers per 1 sq. meter of potash - 25-30 gr (1 tbsp without a slide), superphosphate 30-4 gr (1 tbsp with a slide). Apply a nitrogen fertilizer in the spring before sowing. Manure, organic fertilizers they don’t bring in lentils, because at the same time it “gets fat” - there are a lot of leaves, but few beans. Decreased bean yield. This also applies to other legumes.
Care for lentil crops is the same as for peas.
Pests and diseases of lentils
Lentils are fairly disease resistant when compared to other legumes. But nevertheless, they are.
Anthracnose
This disease is expressed in the form of gray spots on leaves, stems, pods. The disease is caused by the fungus Ascochyta. It mainly affects peas, but can also affect other legumes. The infection starts at the bottom of the stem and moves up to the top, causing leaf drop and spots on the pods. This fungus appears on legumes with excessive moisture or very hot weather. Treatment of anthracnose requires the use of fungicides.
Ascochitosis
The disease is caused by the fungus Ascochyta fabae. Legumes develop white or purple spots on the leaves, which then turn black as the disease progresses. This fungus weakens the plant, causes flowers to fall off, seeds, pods darken. To avoid this you should use good seeds. Among the existing methods for the elimination of this disease without the use of fungicides, the use of crop rotation every four years can be recommended.
Gray rot
This disease is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, which can infect pods and leaves. They turn gray, then fall off. The stems are covered with a gray bloom. This leads to the death of the plant. Seeds on plants infected with gray rot become wrinkled. The spores of the fungus are spread by the wind, so they can infect large areas. This disease is very difficult to eradicate because the spores of the fungus are always found in the soil. And they can develop at high humidity or, conversely, at elevated air temperatures. This disease affects plants such as peas, lentils, sunflowers, beans, etc. The best way to combat it - use seeds for planting, varieties of which are resistant to gray rot.
pea aphid
Disease (lat. Acyrthosiphum pisum) is the main pest of legumes, including lentils. Pea aphids damage the leaves of the plant by feeding on the upper tender leaves. This weakens the plant and can lead to its death. Protection against pea aphids - treatment of legumes with insecticides, preferably before tying the pods.
Snails and slugs
These mollusks can also cause great harm to legume crops, especially if rainy, damp weather persists when the plants emerge. If there are a lot of pests, then in one night they can significantly “thin out” lentil seedlings, leaving plants without tops, and sometimes even without stems. Snails and slugs can be controlled by natural and chemical means. As a natural remedy for these pests, you can use sand or crushed eggshell. They do not like rough surfaces. And they will not climb where the aisles are strewn with sand or something else rough. You can use traps - containers with beer or sweet sparkling water. From chemicals from snails and slugs garden plots the drug "Thunderstorm" helps well.
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