Internal organs and human structure: layout with description, photo. The origin of the names of body parts What is not included in the digestive system

Many names of parts of the human body have an interesting history. And a true friend, an etymological dictionary, will help us to get acquainted with these stories.

Heart

Let's start with the most important human organ - the heart. This word is often used in the sense of "soul"; a warm-hearted person - soft, kind, sincere. And by its origin, this word should rightfully be mentioned first: the heart is connected with the “middle”. That is, the heart is the “middle”, the center of a person, his essence, the most, most important thing in him.

Liver

There were, however, earlier and other ideas about the receptacle of the soul. For example, the liver. This word is derived from the verb "oven", which used to mean "cook, cook food." The liver is probably named so because of its important role in the process of digestion. Although not everything is clear here: after all, from the same verb, though in a more complicated way, the name of another internal organ, the kidney, is formed. And the kidneys are not involved in digestion!

Lungs

Another internal organ - the lungs - is so named because it is lighter than other organs of the body and does not sink in water. A person has two lungs; in the singular, this word sounds like an easy one.

Previously, in Russian, the most common noun for designating this body was plyucha. It goes back to ancient root meaning "to swim". This word reflected the same observation about the ability of the lung to float on water. Interestingly, the Latin name for the lung - pulmo - is also associated with the ancient verb "to swim." Now we can see the Latin root in the name of the section of medicine that studies lung diseases - pulmonology.

Spine, cartilage, clavicle, shoulder blade

Of the words denoting different elements of the musculoskeletal system, interesting story have the words spine, cartilage, clavicle, shoulder blade. The spine is made up of individual vertebrae, like a chain of links. It is the word "link" that the name spine is related to.

The word cartilage in other Slavic languages looks like a crackle, a cartilage, a cracker. In these names, a connection with the verb "crunch" is visible.

Weave your fingers together and bend them with a sharp effort - do you hear a crunch? Sit down - do your knees creak? This sound is produced by joints, junctions - the composition (hence the word joint) of bones with each other, in which there is a lot of cartilaginous tissue. In children, it is elastic, so it produces less sounds. With age, cartilage hardens, joints become less flexible, and often older people are asked: “How are you?” ironically answer: “Squeak!”

The word clavicle is related to both “key”, and “stick”, and “club”. All of them denote objects, one way or another curved. The clavicle, the bone that connects the shoulder and the torso, resembles the Latin letter S. It is interesting that in the Old Russian language a stick was called not only a stick for support with a curved upper end, but also cunning, resourcefulness, deceit.

The shoulder blade is a wide, flat bone located in the upper back that looks like a small spade. The name of a plant with wide, flat leaves, burdock, is historically associated with this word.

Eyes, eyelid, eyelashes

Now let's talk about appearance. Eyes... Where did this word come from? In some Slavic languages, the word "eye" means ... a cobblestone, a boulder. In the Old Russian language, "eye" meant a ball. Scientists believe that originally the word "eye" meant a stone ball, a bead, or even a berry bone. Then it began to be used instead of the word "eye" in various colloquial expressions. They sometimes say now: “Hey, why did you roll out the balls?”, Meaning that a person is staring at something. And the “balls” in Old Russian just turned out to be “eyes”. Then this word finally replaced the eye, the eyes, leaving them only the field of poetry.

The word "eyelid" in many Slavic languages means a cover. The eyelids really close the eye, being its protection. Additionally protect the eye and "eyelashes", whose name is related to the word found in different dialects of the Russian language - "ryasny", which means "abundant, lush, frequent" (obviously, the density of growth of small hairs - eyelashes) is responsible for the formation of the word "guilty" .

Leather

The origin of the word skin is interesting. It turns out to be associated with the word "goat" and originally meant a goat's skin. Like this!

Language

"Language" is an ambiguous word. In addition to the well-known organ of taste and speech, located in the mouth, this word denotes both speech and the ability to speak. "Which foreign language do you study?”, “How much does a jellied tongue cost?”, “Could you help me swing this heavy tongue of a bell?”, “Have you lost your tongue ?!” - in all these questions the word language appears in different meanings.

But this word used to have one more meaning, now completely forgotten: “language” was called the people, the community of people who speak the same language, understand each other. This is where the word "pagan" came from - "representative of a non-Christian people."

The etymological dictionary can tell the curious reader a lot more. For example, the fact that the words foot and nail are historically related and come from a common word that once meant a hoof.

Or about the fact that the neck is so named because it “sews” the head and torso, and in the related word “sheath” (used only with the preposition for and as part of the adverb top-down), the meanings “sew, sew” and "twirl".

Or that the words “eyebrow” and “log” are historically close. In a word, do not forget to look into the dictionary at every opportunity - you will always find a lot of interesting things there!

Human structure

The study of the structure and location of the viscera in the human body is the science of anatomy. Thanks to her, people can find out the location of the insides and understand what hurts them.

Stomach

A cavity consisting of muscles that performs a storage, mixing and digestion function. In people with an addiction to eating food, the stomach is enlarged in size. It is located between the esophagus and the duodenum. Thanks to the pulsating contractions that enter into the motor activity of the organ, it removes chemicals, poisons and other harmful substances from the body. Thus, a protective (immune) function is carried out.

In the gastric sac, proteins are broken down and water is absorbed. All incoming food is mixed and passed into the intestines. The quality and speed of digestion of food depends on the gender and age of the person, the presence or absence of diseases, the capacity, and efficiency of the stomach.

The stomach is pear-shaped. Normally, its capacity does not exceed one liter. When overeating or absorbing a large amount of fluid increases to 4 liters. This also changes its location. A crowded organ can descend to the level of the navel.

Diseases of the stomach can be very painful, so you need to be attentive to any unpleasant symptoms that occur in it.

gallbladder

Serves as a cavity for the accumulation of bile excreted by the liver. Therefore, it is located next to it, in a special hole. Its structure consists of a body, a bottom and a neck. The walls of the organ include several shells. These are sulfuric, mucous, muscular and submucosal.

Liver

It is an important digestive gland for the functioning of the body. The mass of an organ in an adult often reaches one and a half kilograms. It is able to eliminate poisons and toxins. Participates in many metabolic processes. It is engaged in hematopoiesis in the unborn baby during the period of its gestation by the mother, the absorption of glucose and cholesterol, and the maintenance of normal lipid levels.

The liver has an amazing ability to regenerate, but neglected diseases can seriously undermine human health.

Spleen

Parenchymal lymphoid organ located behind the stomach, under the diaphragm. This is the upper part of the abdomen. The composition includes the diaphragmatic and vesceral surface with an anterior and posterior pole. The organ is a capsule filled with red and white pulp inside. It is engaged in protecting the body from harmful microorganisms, creates blood flow in the future baby in the womb and an adult.

The pancreas has the ability to produce a hormone called insulin. It is involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels. The main function of the organ is the production of gastric juice, without which food cannot be digested.

A person cannot live without a pancreas, so you should know which foods are the most harmful to this organ.

Small intestine

The second two sections are called the mesenteric part of the organ. The jejunum is located at the top on the left side, the ileum at the bottom in the right region of the peritoneum.

Colon

The organ reaches one and a half meters in length. Connects the small intestine to the anus. Consists of several departments. Feces accumulate in the rectum, from where they are excreted from the body through the anus.

All other organs "living" in the peritoneal area belong to the genitourinary system. These are the kidneys, adrenal glands, bladder, and also the ureters, female and male genital organs.

Kidneys are shaped like beans. They are located in the lumbar region. The right organ is comparatively smaller than the left. Paired organs perform the cleansing and secretory function of urine. Regulate chemical processes. The adrenal glands produce a number of hormones:

norepinephrine;
adrenalin;
corticosteroids;
androgens;
cortisone and cortisol.

From the name you can understand the location of the glands in the body - above the kidneys. Organs help people adapt to different living conditions.

The appendix is a small organ of the peritoneum, an appendage of the caecum. Its size in diameter is not more than one centimeter, in length it reaches twelve millimeters. Protects the gastrointestinal tract from the development of diseases.

The structure of the human body is quite complex, has many features and characteristic features. Human beings are unique primarily in that they are capable of carrying out the highest nervous activity i.e. they have intelligence. There are several systems that ensure the smooth functioning of the human body.

The internal structure of the human body is those organs that perform various important functions. They are separated from the external environment by the skin. An example of some of them is the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys and others.

External structure

Externally, a person is distinguished by a head, neck, upper and lower limbs, and a torso. The latter has a back, chest and stomach.

- Health - The location of the internal organs of a person. Human anatomy and the structure of human organs - diagram, description, photo

You can see your own organs by contacting a specialist in ultrasound diagnostics, who will show you the location of the internal organs and compare them with standard indicators. In this article, we will provide information on the localization of organs in the human body and briefly describe their main functions.

The internal organs are hidden from view and sometimes it is difficult to determine which organ refers to strange sensations or pain. Today we will deal with the location of the internal organs of a person.

Basically, the internal organs of a person are divided into three areas:

abdomen
chest cavity
pelvic area

Also internal organs include:

thyroid
larynx
diaphragm

The well-coordinated work of all internal organs, invisible to the eye, ensures the normal functioning of the human body.

If we talk specifically about each organ, then briefly we can list the following:

The brain is the central organ of the entire nervous system, which coordinates the work of all body systems, on average, the weight of the brain is from 1.2 to 1.4 kg.
Language is necessary for touch and taste perception, processing of writing and speech.
The thyroid gland - with a weight of only 20 g, performs the most important functions of ensuring metabolism and maintaining homeostasis.
The diaphragm, being on the border between two cavities, performs a supporting function, provides working pressure in the underlying organs, and also participates in the respiratory process.

They are located as follows:

The heart is the central element of the cardiovascular system, the lungs are located to the right and left of it, in most people the heart is located to the left of the center line of the chest, but there are exceptions.
The lungs are the central organ of the respiratory system, occupying almost the entire space of the chest, with their base resting on the diaphragm.
Bronchi - are tubular processes of the trachea, despite the fact that the organ is paired, the sizes of its parts are not the same. They supply the lungs with the oxygen necessary for life.
Thymus - one of the most important organs responsible for immunity, is small in size, located in the upper part of the chest cavity.

Stomach - located on the left side under the diaphragm, the process of primary digestion of incoming food begins in it, it is he who gives a signal about the onset of satiety.
Pancreas - in accordance with the name is located below the stomach and is responsible for the production of enzymes necessary for the digestion of food, and also provides fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
The spleen is located on the left behind the stomach, it is responsible for hematopoiesis and immunity.
The kidneys are located symmetrically in the lower part of the peritoneum, they are responsible for the urinary function.
The liver is located on the right under the diaphragm and is divided into 2 parts, this organ is responsible for removing toxins, poisons, removing unnecessary elements, is responsible for blood formation during pregnancy and much more.
gallbladder located below the liver and incoming bile accumulates in it, the maximum length of the organ is 10 cm, it resembles a pear in shape, the accumulated fluid enters the intestine through the bile ducts.
The intestine is located in the lower part of the abdomen and consists of two parts - the small and large intestines, in which useful substances are absorbed and enter the bloodstream.
Appendix - a small appendage of the caecum in length reaches 12 cm, diameter less than 1 cm, it performs a protective function, preventing the development of diseases of the intestinal tract.

Bladder - urine accumulates in it before urination occurs, it is located in the lower part in front of the pubic bone
The uterus is above bladder, the usual size is about 7 cm, is responsible for the reproductive function in women
The ovaries are female organ in which the sex cells necessary for procreation mature
Prostate- the male organ, located under the bladder, is responsible for the production of secretory fluid
The testicles are the male reproductive organ, located in the scrotum, they produce sex cells and hormones.

The detailed structure of the internal organs and their location relative to each other is shown in the figure with inscriptions.

Due to the close location of the organs, it is sometimes very difficult to localize the site of pain, so in no case should you self-medicate. At the first attacks of pain, consult a doctor. To determine the cause of the disease, the doctor will conduct an examination and may refer you to an ultrasound.

What is the structure of the abdominal cavity?

The peritoneum is a thin structure made up of connective tissue, a large number strong fibers and epithelial layer - mesothelium. It lines the inner wall of the structure.

The mesothelium performs an important function - its cells synthesize a serous secretion, which serves as a lubricant for the outer walls of all internal organs in the abdomen. Since the organs and glands are quite close to each other, the mesothelial secretion reduces the area of their friction. Such a unique building abdominal cavity in humans, it normally contributes to the absence of discomfort with minor changes in the abdomen.

But if a focus of inflammation occurs in this zone when an infectious agent gets inside, a person feels a sharp pain syndrome. At the first signs of inflammation in the peritoneal space, numerous adhesions are formed, which do not allow the infectious process to spread to the entire abdomen.

The organs of the abdominal cavity develop in the gap between its wall and the peritoneum. Growing, they move away from the back wall, merging with the peritoneum and stretching it. This leads to the formation of a new structural unit - the serous fold, which consists of 2 sheets. Such abdominal folds, originating from the inner walls of the abdomen, reach the intestines or other organs of the human abdominal cavity. The former are called mesentery, the latter ligaments.

Human structure

Spleen

The human body is the most perfect organic structure on Earth. The coordinated functioning of all organs makes it possible to carry out the process of vital activity.

Blood is pumped through the vessels by the heart, oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide by the lungs, brain activity controls the entire physiology. Thus, we can move, think, exist.

Having studied the structure of our body, we can conclude that it is similar to other creatures living on the planet. This is no coincidence. It is assumed that humans owe their origin to other mammals.

Studies have confirmed that our physiology is similar to other animals, this is confirmed by the structure of a single cell.

Features of the external structure can be seen firsthand. Our body is made up of:

The head, on which the sensory organs of the face are located - eyes, nose, ears, upper and mandible, through the mouth opening, food is taken and speech communication takes place. With the help of the nose, the functions of smell are provided, the ears are the organs of hearing.
The neck that connects the head to the body.
Trunk including chest and back.
Upper and lower limbs - arms and legs. The feet provide the stability of a person, the hands - the performance of the necessary manipulations.

Human anatomy includes systems consisting of separate internal organs that provide the process of life.

Let's list them:

Musculoskeletal system - allows us to move and provides bipedalism. Includes skeleton, muscle structure, ligaments and joints. The location of the internal muscles ensures the performance of the necessary functions. The basis of the skeleton is the spine. Its numbering of discs is from 1 to 24. The ribs form the ribcage.
Digestive system- the most complex structure of all the others. During the digestion of food, it maintains the necessary energy balance. Begins with the nasopharynx and ends with the intestines.
The respiratory system includes the lungs and respiratory pathways. Enriches our blood by converting oxygen into carbon dioxide.
Transport functions provided by the cardiovascular system. It allows you to move blood through the vessels, the arrangement of which provides blood supply to the entire body.
The nervous system regulates all physiological processes. It includes two types of brain: the brain and the spinal cord. In addition - nerve endings, consisting of individual cells.
Metabolic regulation carried out by the endocrine system.
Pelvic organs combined into the sexual and urinary structure. It is different depending on gender. Provides reproduction and removes waste substances.
skin system- protects the internal environment from aggressive environmental influences.

Let us consider in more detail the structure of the internal organs of our body.

The thoracic region is composed by the following important organs:

Lungs.
Heart.
bronchi.
Trachea.
Esophagus.
diaphragm.
Thymus gland.

Organ	Location	Functions
Heart	In the middle between two lungs	The heart pumps blood through the vascular system
Lungs	Fill almost the entire chest area. Consists of two halves	Production of oxygen by converting it into carbon dioxide, saturation of the blood with the isolated component
Bronchi	In the region of the 5th and 6th vertebrae. Includes two pieces (both sides)	They carry oxygen from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs. Protect against penetration of foreign bodies
Trachea	From bronchi to larynx. Divided in two at the bottom	Transfers air from the larynx to the bronchi and vice versa - carbon dioxide
Esophagus	From the larynx through the diaphragm to the stomach	Moves food into the stomach
Diaphragm	Between chest cavity and peritoneum	Controls lung volume during breathing. The chest and abdomen are separated
Thymus gland (thymus)	Down the sternum	Affects immunity and growth, blood composition (lymphocyte production)

Abdominal

The abdominal region consists of the digestive tract, pancreas, liver with gallbladder, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and intestines.

The stomach is the most important part of the digestive tract. It continues the esophagus. The walls of this organ secrete a special juice, due to which food is broken down.

The digestive system, among other things, includes the intestine, which is the longest organ.

It is located after the stomach and includes the large, small, and rectum. Its purpose is to digest food and remove waste.

The largest gland in our body is the liver. Participating in digestion, it performs the necessary metabolism, is involved in blood circulation.

The kidneys (2 pcs.) Are located in the lumbar region, regulate homeostasis and are involved in the urinary system. The adrenal glands are located directly above them.

The pelvis is the area of the skeleton that refers to the lower part of the body. The names of the bones that make up its basis: two pelvic, sacrum and coccyx.

The large pelvis is limited by the septum of the abdominal cavity in front, on the back side - by the spinal column, on the sides - by parts of the iliac bones.

The pelvic area extends from the pubis, ends with the sacrum and coccyx, on the sides it is limited by the bones of the ischium.

The large and small pelvis consists of the intestines, bladder and internal genital organs. For men, this is the prostate, testicles, vas deferens, penis; in women - the uterus with appendages, ovaries, vagina.

These organs are placed very closely and are interconnected. Possible problems with one of them can lead to damage to the others.

Of course, human anatomy is a topic for a special detailed discussion. In this article, we have touched only on general points.

Therefore, it is so important to know where and how each organ is located. human body, and, if necessary, determine what exactly worries you and which doctor you should consult for advice.

This article is a guide to the human body, in which you will clearly see how the most important organs of the male and female bodies are located, and learn about their main functions and features.

In addition, a muscle is located between the chest and abdominal cavities, which allows the lungs to expand when breathing - the diaphragm.

At the top, on the front of the neck, is the thyroid gland, the location of which can be higher or lower in people with different health conditions and different ages. In men over thyroid gland the Adam's apple is located.

In this article, we will also separately consider the structure of the human brain.

Let us analyze in more detail which organs “fill” all the cavities of the human body, how they look, where they are and what they function for.

The heart is "at the head" of the human cardiovascular system, performing the function of blood flow in the vessels and arteries. The heart is located on the left side of the chest, above the diaphragm, and on both sides of it are the lungs.

If we talk about what shape the human heart has, then there will be no single answer. Both the size and shape of the heart are determined by age, the presence of chronic diseases, gender, physical development and other factors.

The main role among the organs of the respiratory system is rightfully endowed with the lungs, and it is with them that almost 2/3 of the space of the chest is occupied. The size of the lungs varies depending on the depth and phase of breathing.

If we talk about the shape of the lungs, they resemble a truncated cone, the top of which tends to the area above the clavicle, resting on a convex diaphragm. The bronchi are tubular tracheas that descend from the pre-throat zone of a person to the lungs and branch out, creating a bronchial tree.

The thymus gland is an organ about which a couple of decades ago there was still little that could be told in anatomy lessons. It has now been proven that it plays perhaps the most important role in the immune system of any person. She got her name from appearance resembling a dessert fork.

Let us single out the main organs that are located in the human abdominal cavity and dwell in more detail on the functions of each of them:

Under the diaphragm, on the left side, is the stomach. This is a section of the digestive tract that expands, representing a sac-like cavity. The more the stomach is filled, the larger its size, that is, its walls have the ability to stretch under the influence of the volume of food entering it. In a calm state, its length is 15-17 cm. Food is digested under the influence of juice secreted by the stomach.
Behind the stomach, slightly below it, is located pancreas It is also an important part of the digestive system. This is a fairly large organ that secretes pancreatic juice - a source of enzymes necessary for digestion. Without the pancreas, a healthy metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the human body would also be impossible.
The most significant cleansing organ, a vital natural filter of the human body is the liver, which is located under the diaphragm, at the top of the abdominal cavity on the right side. The liver has a lobar structure, while the right side of the liver is much larger than its left lobe. Most of the toxins, harmful foreign substances, metabolic products are effectively eliminated from the body solely due to the liver, in addition, it carries out the synthesis of cholesterol in the body.
The gallbladder, which is located in the lower "compartment" of the liver, along the right groove, helps to accumulate bile, which comes from the liver and takes part in the digestion process. In shape, the gall resembles an oval sac, and its size does not exceed the volume of a chicken egg. It is filled with bile - a viscous substance of a yellow-green color, which splashes through the ducts into the duodenum.
The spleen, a slightly elongated, flat organ, located on the left, slightly behind the stomach, has hematopoietic and immune functions. With the help of the spleen, lymphocytes are formed, a filter of foreign substances and bacteria occurs, damaged platelets and red blood cells are “sorted out”.
A little lower than the stomach is an organ, which is a long tube entangled in a circle. This is the intestine, which, on the right side of the human body, passes from its thin part to the thick part. Starting on the right, and describing the so-called circle in a clockwise direction, the intestine descends to the left side of the abdominal cavity, and ends with the anus.
Fact: 70% of the cells of the immune system "live" in the human intestine, so your health directly depends on the smooth functioning of this organ.
Separately, it should be said about the appendix - a small process of the colon, located near the right wall of the peritoneum. The appendix is not a vital organ, but when it becomes inflamed, they speak of appendicitis, and then the appendix should be surgically removed as soon as possible. Otherwise, acute peritonitis is possible, and even death.
In the abdominal cavity, not only the digestive organs are "available", but also the organs of the excretory system, such as the kidneys. The kidneys are located laterally in the lumbar region, behind the peritoneum. In size, each kidney does not exceed 5-6 cm in length and 3.5-4 cm in width, and in shape resembles a large bean.
The average weight of a kidney is small - from 100 to 200 g. It is worth noting that the function of the kidneys in the body is extremely important for life: they, like the liver, are natural filters of the whole organism, regulators of chemical homeostasis.
"Manage" the metabolism, adapt the body to not always favorable external conditions and stress, and also produce a number of hormones and androgens - the main functions of the adrenal glands - organs of the endocrine system, which are located in the kidney area.

The location of the internal organs of a person. Human anatomy and the structure of human organs - diagram, description, photo

The upper floor of the abdominal section contains elements of the digestive tract. It is conditionally possible to divide the abdominal zone of the body into a pair of vertical and a pair of horizontal lines that delimit the sections of the peritoneum. Topographic anatomy of the abdominal cavity is conditionally divided into 9 zones.

The location of the abdominal organs in its upper part (its other name is the omental opening) is as follows: in the right hypochondrium there is a liver with a gallbladder, in the epigastric (median) zone the stomach is located, in the left hypochondrium the spleen.

The middle row is conditionally divided into 4 regions of the abdominal cavity: right lateral, mesogastric (umbilical), umbilical and left lateral. The following internal organs are located in these zones: small intestine, ascending and descending colons, kidneys, pancreas and some others.

Depending on the degree of coverage by the peritoneum, the organs that enter the abdominal cavity can be located in it intraperitoneally, mesoperitoneally or extraperitoneally. The intraperitoneal position indicates that this internal organ is surrounded by the peritoneum on all sides. An example of such an arrangement is the small intestine.

Body modern man consists of many small cells, connecting with each other, these cells form tissues - for example, such as muscles or skin. Combining into one whole, certain groups of tissues form internal organs.
- lungs, liver, etc. The internal organs formed in this way are located inside the person, most of which are occupied by the abdominal and thoracic regions.

But there are also organs located in the pelvis or head. Each of the formed organs in the human body is responsible for a specific function. Working together, they create a system in the body - for example, the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas form the digestive system
.

Thus, in the human body, organs form several inseparably interconnected systems: respiration, blood circulation, urinary excretion, etc. To the internal organs of man
include: respiratory, digestive, urinary and genital organs. Most of the listed organs in humans resemble a tube in appearance.

inside them, the movement of nutrients, oxygen, germ cells, etc. is carried out. There are also some organs that do not have a cavity inside, they are parenchymal organs. is the central organ of the human nervous system. It consists of three shells - hard, soft and arachnoid (intermediate shell, through the channels of which the cerebrospinal fluid passes).

Thanks to the continuous and coordinated work of the brain, a person is primarily able to think, see, hear, move and function normally. On average, in an adult, the weight of the brain is 1200-1400 g - this organ is located in the human oral cavity, it consists entirely of muscles, covered with a mucous membrane.

Despite its small size, this human organ performs many functions: it is both an organ of touch and taste perception, it also participates in the mechanical processing of food and the swallowing process, helps us correctly reproduce all kinds of sounds and determines the individual voice timbre for each. In infancy, this organ is responsible for the process of sucking breast milk.

This gland is the largest human endocrine gland. In its shape, it resembles a "butterfly". It consists of two lobes and an isthmus that connects them. The weight of the thyroid gland is relatively small - only about 20 grams. The size of one lobe of the gland is comparable to the nail phalanx on the thumb.

The most important and basic function of the thyroid gland is to maintain homeostasis. The work of the thyroid gland directly affects the health of the whole person, including his mood, appearance, and all metabolic processes in the body. We need the hormones of this unique gland for the secretion of growth hormone and protein synthesis in the body, it also stimulates the work of the respiratory center, the heart, helps the cells utilize glucose and enhances fat metabolism, etc.

- This is an unpaired hollow organ consisting of muscles. It originates from the oral cavity and then passes into the esophagus. If compared with the organism as a whole, then the pharynx begins at the base of the skull and ends at 6 cervical vertebra. Depending on age, the length of this human organ can be 12-14 cm, in shape it resembles a funnel, which expands from above and narrows downwards.

This organ is part of the human respiratory and digestive system. - this is a continuously working body, the size of a fist (comparable to the size of a fist of a particular person) and weighing about 0.5 kg. This is a hollow muscular organ located in the human thoracic region, shaped like a cone. The main task of the heart is to create and maintain a difference in blood pressure between the arteries and veins.

The structure of the heart is quite simple - it consists of four chambers. The muscular septum divides this organ into two halves - right and left, each of which has two chambers. The lower chambers of the heart are called the ventricles, and the upper chambers are called the atria. The ventricles, in turn, are separated by the interventricular septum, and the atria - between the atrial septum.

the lungs help maintain acid-base balance (the necessary content of ions in the human body), and are also able to remove certain substances (aromatic substances, esters, and others). And the lungs also regulate the water balance in the body (about 0.5 liters of water per day evaporate through this organ).

- This is one of the organs of the digestive system, in its appearance it is a saccular extension of the digestive tract. It is located between the esophagus and the duodenum. This irreplaceable organ ensures the accumulation of food in the human body, its initial digestion and partial absorption.

The gastric juice that it secretes contains digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid and other physiologically active substances that break down proteins, fats and have a bactericidal effect. The volume of an empty stomach is approximately 0.5 liters. But as food is taken, this organ is able to stretch, as a rule, up to one liter, but it can increase up to four.

weighs 1.5 - 2 kg and is the largest gland in our body. In the human body, the liver is located in the abdominal cavity - it occupies the right and part of the left hypochondria. The liver performs many necessary functions: it produces bile, processes intestinal contents, fights infections in the body, stores essential nutrients, produces enzymes and proteins, and produces energy quickly.

is the main component of the entire human digestive system. It is involved in the production of digestive enzymes (enzymes) and secretes them into the duodenum. Enzymes, in turn, enter the digestive tract and decompose carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Another necessary function that the pancreas performs is the so-called endocrine, i.e.

The function of the endocrine gland is to produce the hormone insulin. It is necessary for the body, primarily to ensure the penetration of glucose into cells and plays a key role in the metabolism of not only carbohydrates, but fats and proteins. - Part gastrointestinal tract, starting from the stomach and ending with the anus.

The total length of this human organ is 4 m. Digestion and absorption of food takes place in the intestine, some hormones are synthesized, it also plays an important role in immune processes. Anatomically, the small intestine and the large intestine are distinguished in the intestine. Small intestine
is a part of the human digestive system located between the stomach and the large intestine.

- This is a paired human organ, very reminiscent of beans in shape and located on both sides of the spine. This is a unique organ that is directly involved in the removal of waste from the human body throughout his life. Also, the kidneys help cleanse the blood of harmful substances that, if accumulated in the human body in large quantities, can cause harm or can lead to the death of the whole organism. Each kidney weighs about 150 grams. The length of this organ is approximately 12 centimeters, a width of 4-5 centimeters and a thickness of 4 centimeters.

This human organ is located in the retroperitoneal region on the upper part of both kidneys. Their weight is only 7-10 grams. The human right adrenal gland is triangular in shape, while the left adrenal gland is crescent shaped. These endocrine glands are directly involved in the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood during stress, and also produce cortisol and catecholamines. The adrenal glands also influence kidney function by producing aldosterone.

Central nervous system and brain

The human central nervous system is the brain and spinal cord. The main thing that these structural formations are responsible for is the formation of reflexes, mental activity, mental functions, motor and sensory sensitivity.

The main organ of our body is the brain. It is located in the cranium, has a complex structure. Schematically, 3 sections can be distinguished: hemispheres, cerebellum, bridge. The brain processes information that a person receives from environment, thereby generating response impulses. Thanks to him, people are able to think, understand speech, experience emotions, carry out any activity, both mental and labor.

Nerve trunks originate from the brain, which branch into smaller branches throughout the body, which collect information from the outside world.

The internal volume of the brain of most adults is 95% of the total capacity of the cranium. The mass of this organ can vary from 1250 to 1600 cubic meters. cm.

The total number of departments of the main human thinking organ is as follows:

medulla;
epiphysis;
ventricles of the brain;
cerebellum;
hindbrain acting as a connecting bridge;
diencephalon;
vascular plexus;
midbrain;
front part of the body, consisting of two hemispheres.

If all of the above departments are divided into parts of the brain, then the human electromagnetic organ is classified into 3 large areas, namely:

The entire surface of the organ is covered with a thin layer of the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for the mental activity of the human body, as well as the stable functionality of the central nervous system. Its average thickness on the left and right hemisphere is from 2 to 5 mm.

Human organs (location in pictures with inscriptions displays in detail the structure of the body) in the central part of the body:

the esophagus, which provides food for further assimilation in the digestive tract;
the stomach, where food is digested;
lungs responsible for saturating the body with a sufficient amount of oxygen;
the bladder and excretory canal, which are located in the center, but only in the lower part of the body;
vagina, clitoris, ovaries, uterus in women, which are the reproductive organ of the reproductive system;
the inner ear, from which it is impossible to process sound signals coming from the external environment with further transmission to the centers of the brain for information processing;
penis, testicles and prostate gland in men, without which the synthesis of healthy spermatozoa is impossible;
the thyroid gland, which is located right in the center of the neck between the upper chest and the larynx;
diaphragm separating the cavity of the peritoneum and chest;
the spinal cord, which runs the entire length of the spine, right in the center of the body.

The trachea, which performs a transport function, delivering a vital volume of air to the lungs, is also located in the center, takes its base at the end of the larynx. If we consider the anatomy of the oral cavity, then the tongue, which is the organ with the fastest cell regeneration, is also located in the central part in relation to other parts of the body.

The location of human organs, presented in pictures with inscriptions, gives an idea that on the left side of the body there are:

Most of the organs located on the left side are protected by a skeletal frame or bone tissue. The eyeball, ear, mammary gland are external organs, therefore they have the least degree of protection from the influence of external environmental factors, which makes them more vulnerable to injury.

Human organs (location in pictures with inscriptions shows what is where) on the right side of the human body:

the liver, whose tissues play an important role in the absorption of fats, and also perform a filtration function, preventing intoxication of the body;
gallbladder, whose work is synchronized with the activity of the liver, which together ensures a stable digestive process and normal well-being of a person;
right kidney, eyeball, mammary gland;
appendicitis, which is located in the lower abdomen on the right.

Human organs, located on the right side, play an equally important role in ensuring the vital activity of the body. A decrease in the efficiency of even one of them entails a deterioration in general well-being, loss of appetite, and the occurrence of pain.

The central and peripheral nervous system of a person is an integral set of nerve endings that are interconnected, coordinated by the centers of the brain and, together with the endocrine glands, regulate the work of the whole organism.

The following features of the nervous system are distinguished:

Without the presence of the nervous system, a person would not be able to respond to external stimuli, feel cold and warm, feel touch, experience emotions, walk, and generally lead the usual way of life that most of the inhabitants of the globe are accustomed to.

Under the fat layer of the body are muscles and bones attached to them with tendons. Inside the body there are 2 cavities: chest and abdominal, separated by a diaphragm.

The chest cavity contains an important organ of the human body.
- the heart, with a whole system of large vessels. It also contains the lungs and esophagus. Immediately below the diaphragm, in the abdominal cavity, are the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder. On the back wall of the abdominal cavity are the kidneys, on both sides of the spine.

In the thickness of the body on the back wall is the spine, which is a bone tube consisting of vertebrae. Inside it is the spinal cord. Upper section The spinal cord is connected to the skull, inside which the brain is placed.

Anatomy and physiology of man. Movie 1

In the human body, all organs are combined into systems that perform certain functions. Medicine studies organ systems, this knowledge is applied in practice for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

The main systems of the human body:

Skin and skeleton;
Muscular system;
blood-forming system;
lymphatic system;
Nervous system;
Respiratory system;
The cardiovascular system;
The digestive system;
urine reproductive system;
Endocrine system;
The system that provides immunity;
Sensory system.

Human skin is a vast receptor field that provides. The mass of human skin is approximately 15%
of the total body weight, its average area is 1.5-2.5
m 2
. The skin performs the following functions:

Barrier, providing protection of the body from external stimuli;
Regulatory: evaporation of sweat from the surface of the body regulates body temperature and controls water-salt metabolism;
Excretory: many poisons and toxins are excreted from the body through the pores of the skin;
Receptor, thanks to which a person feels heat, cold, can experience pleasant and unpleasant sensations.

The skin is permeated with a network of blood vessels. Through them, the body is provided with useful substances and vitamins, penetrating through the pores.

A frame that supports the human body. It is a frame, set in motion with the help of muscles. It consists of 206 bones, and protects the joints from mechanical damage. Many bones of the skeleton (approximately 33, 34
) are paired. Conventionally, the human skeleton can be divided into 2 parts: the bones of the trunk and the bones of the limbs.

The skeleton consists of bones formed from bone tissue, penetrated by threads of nerves and blood vessels. Bone tissue is one of the types of connective tissue. Bones are made up of phosphorus, calcium, cells and collagen fibers.

organic matter provide elasticity and elasticity of bones, inorganic phosphorus and calcium (F and Ca
) are responsible for hardness. In the bones of a young organism, there are more bone cells and collagen, so children are less injured. The bones of older people contain more mineral salts, so they break more easily and do not heal well in case of injuries.

The process of movement of the body is provided by the joints, in which two bones are connected, covered for protection by the articular bag.

To maintain the necessary balance of organic and inorganic substances in the bones, you need to eat right, engage in moderate physical activity. In the off-season, it is useful to take a course of vitamins, in combination with natural phosphorus and calcium.

The skeleton is connected to the muscles by means of connective tissue or tendons. Together, they provide the human body with the ability to move and perform various actions.

Muscle system

The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the body, regulates balance. Muscles are formed from muscle fibers collected in bundles. The muscle system ensures the contraction and operation of all organs and systems. There are 3 types of muscles:

skeletal
, attached to the bones, their contraction and relaxation ensures the movement of the body, are responsible for the work of internal organs;
smooth muscles
, which are located in the walls of blood vessels and internal organs, work automatically, subconsciously;
cardiac muscle
, is responsible for the work of the heart, pumps blood vessels and capillaries with blood and useful substances.

chest organs

There are a number of vital formations in the chest cavity. One of the most important is the heart. It is located almost in the middle of the chest, localization is located behind the middle third of the sternum. The size of the heart is equal to the size of a hand clenched into a fist.

Muscle tissue is very powerful, the cells are interconnected by jumpers, forming something like a canvas. This structure provides electrical conductivity and contraction of the heart. The organ provides blood circulation, receiving venous blood from the vessels, saturating it with oxygen, turning it into arterial. The latter, through heart contractions, ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all human systems and organs.

Also in the chest are the bronchi and lungs. The latter are a paired organ, they occupy most of the space of this cavity. Each lung consists of large lobes: the left of 2, the right of 3.

The share is divided into smaller formations, in the structure of which there are alveoli - special bubbles that carry out gas exchange. Alveoli saturate the blood with oxygen, ensure the elimination of carbon dioxide. These structures are formed by branching of the bronchi.

The latter are large trunks that enter the lungs through the so-called gates, where they begin to divide into smaller formations. The bronchi, in turn, are the airways in humans.

Another organ located in the chest is the trachea. It originates from the larynx, from where it departs lower and passes into the bronchi.

In parallel, the esophagus runs, which has several anatomical bends; it itself is a muscular tube that provides the passage of the food bolus for further digestion in the stomach.

In addition, in addition to the structures listed above, there are large vessels - the aorta, pulmonary arteries and veins. Also in the chest are lymph nodes, nerve trunks and another gland - the thymus, or thymus.

The latter is an organ of the immune system, which gradually atrophies with age. In persons older than 16-18 years, there are only remnants of the thymus.

Human organs (location in pictures with inscriptions displays detailed information) in the chest have the following functions:

This is an exhaustive list of organs located inside the chest. All of them are reliably protected by bone tissue, so that even with a strong static or compression effect, damage to their tissues is minimized.

Small pelvis

The organs of the pelvic cavity have their own characteristics. Here, males and females have their own distinctive features. Among the common - the presence of the bladder, urethra and rectum. The first is responsible for urination, the second for defecation.

Differences in women

In females, the pelvis contains the uterus, ovaries, which are connected to the first through the fallopian tubes. Also here is the vagina, labia, vulva, clitoris.

Organs form the female reproductive system, which are responsible for reproduction, hormone production, pregnancy.

Differences in men

Men in the pelvis have seminal vesicles, vas deferens, prostate, testicles, penis. These structures are responsible for the formation of sperm, reproduction, perform the function of the endocrine glands, carrying out the production of male sex hormones.

Human internal organs - location on the right and left

Anatomy is a subject for study not only by physicians. A healthy interest in this issue arises, perhaps, for any person: where is the appendix, what tingles in one side or another, or why does one feel sick during pregnancy.

The diagram of the position of body parts inside the body, even with superficial knowledge, can help to talk to the doctor on the phone, listen to recommendations and help the sufferer even before the ambulance arrives.

For a visual understanding, you need to consider photos and images of the structure of the human body.

In the center of the abdominal region is the pancreas, small intestine, uterus and bladder

The anatomy of the central organs is as follows: the larynx and esophagus go down from the pharynx. The location of the larynx, which is the upper part of the trachea, is determined by the external bulge in the throat area. This place is popularly called "Adam's apple". It contains th ligaments.

On the neck, on its front part, you can feel the thyroid gland. It is located in such a way that it envelops the two sides of the trachea, which towards the end is divided into two bronchi. The esophagus runs through the center of the human chest and leads to the stomach from the pharynx.

In the center of the abdominal region are:

Pancreas (immediately below the stomach, but slightly offset from it to the center).
Small intestine. This muscular tube connects the stomach with the large intestine and is folded inside the cavity in “loops”, since the organ can be up to six meters long.
Uterus (in women). It is located in the pelvic area, horizontally - between the bladder and the rectum.
Bladder. The location of this sac is the lower abdomen, below the ureters, above the urethra.

It is located behind the lungs, that is, behind them. In fact, the position of this organ on the left is conditional. It is more correct to say that it is tilted back and to the left, since a small part of the heart also captures the right side of the chest. Human anatomy knows cases of displacement of the heart to the right, but this concerned the exceptional phenomena of the “mirror” arrangement of all the internal organs of a person.

It is located just below the esophagus, but not in the center, but shifted to the left hypochondrium, in the upper space of the abdominal cavity. In a calm state, the organ has a length of 15-20 cm, as it fills with food, the stomach stretches and presses on the pancreas from below, as well as on the diaphragm from above.

A small organ, resembling an enlarged bean in shape and size, is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, next to the stomach.

It is considered the largest human organ. Its place is under the "shelter" of the diaphragm, in the subcostal part of the abdominal cavity.

It is a appendix of the large "caecum", which is located near the right wall of the abdominal cavity. Sometimes this organ becomes inflamed in people - then they talk about appendicitis. Therefore, it, removed surgically, is often absent in an adult.

Paired Organs

On either side of the center are paired organs: lungs and bronchi

They are located symmetrically on both sides of the center. Adenoids are located in the upper back wall of the pharynx behind the nose. Palatine tonsils - behind the tongue, on both sides of the pharynx. Parathyroid glands - behind the thyroid gland (there are already 4 of them).

In the chest are located:

Lungs. They are located behind the ribs that protect them comprehensively.
Bronchi. They are located between the lungs and are the link between them and the trachea.

Behind the outer side of the chest, on both sides, there are mammary glands. They are located between the 3rd and 7th ribs in both women and men. In men, the mammary glands are practically not developed.

Abdominal organs:

Kidneys. They are located near the back wall of the cavity, in the lumbar region. Left kidney, usually one vertebra above the right.
Adrenals. The name itself speaks of the location - on top of the kidneys.
Ureters. These are the two tubes that connect the kidneys and bladder.

Among the steam rooms there are also organs related to the human reproductive system: the ovaries and fallopian tubes, which are located on both sides of the uterus on the side wall of the pelvic area, as well as the sex glands in the scrotum (in men).

How do internal organs change during pregnancy? At this time, the body is actively rebuilt in order to provide the fetus with all the conditions necessary for development. Changes affect all body systems in a pregnant woman:

cardiovascular;
digestive;
urinary;
endocrine and others.

They adapt to the new function and individual parts of the body, changing the size, shape, and even the way they should be located. This affects the woman's well-being. Changes can provoke such phenomena as:

difficult outflow of bile;
hepatic colic;
toxicosis;
urinary incontinence;
heartburn;
constipation.

During pregnancy, the enlarged uterus puts pressure on neighboring organs.

It is not surprising, because the growing uterus occupies more and more space in the abdominal cavity, “pushing apart” the internal organs of the pregnant woman as follows:

The liver and gallbladder are higher than usual. They rise to the diaphragm and, due to the compensatory expansion of the intercostal spaces, are displaced into the chest. In addition, the liver turns 90 degrees, that is, takes a lateral position.
The stomach also rises. It experiences pressure and shrinks in size, especially in the last months of pregnancy.
The intestines also have to move to the sides, which reduces its tone.
Under the pressure of the uterus from above, the bladder descends below, significantly decreasing in volume.

Changes during pregnancy affect not only the abdominal organs, but also others:

The heart grows in size, forced to work for two.
The mammary glands become much larger.
There is a thickening of the fallopian tubes, which during pregnancy fall lower and are located along the side wall of the uterus.

The diagram in the photo clearly demonstrates the main changes that a woman's anatomy undergoes during pregnancy.

After childbirth, the woman's body gradually returns to its previous state. The organs take their original position, although the uterus remains slightly enlarged.

Psychologists note that a woman who knows anatomy is easier to endure physical discomfort during pregnancy and treat her own body with conscious gratitude.

by HyperComments

Helpful information

Each person is unique and inimitable. At the same time, various anomalies are often encountered - for example, doubling of an organ, a change in its shape and size. Surprising is the fact that often this remains unnoticed and does not affect the state of health in any way.

It is also important that when one of the paired organs is removed, its functions can be taken over by another of this pair. And that almost always happens. In this case, the person himself will feel the same way as before.

The potential and endurance of the body are amazing, it is fragile and strong at the same time. Scientists, biologists and doctors have to find out the answers to a large number of mysteries of the human body. Work in this area is ongoing.

As you can see, the structure of the human body is simple and complex at the same time. Researchers still cannot fully unravel all the secrets of the body. A person is able to carry out higher nervous activity thanks to the cerebral cortex, which is not available to other biological species.

For these reasons, it is important for people to have at least a general understanding of their structure, which will help throughout life path especially when it comes to checking your own health.

Norms for the size of human organs

Human organs (the location in the pictures with inscriptions is presented below) are much easier to perceive, but the maximum information about internal arrangement organism can be gleaned from the data in the table below.

Organs	In men				Among women
Organs	Weight, g Volume, l	Length cm	Width, cm	Height, cm	Weight, g Volume, l	Length cm	Width, cm	Height, cm
Brain	1500	17-18	14-15	11-13	1400	16-17	14-15	11-13
Heart	300	9-10	10-11	4-5	280	9-10	9-9,5	4-5
Spinal cord	28 to 29	46			28 to 29	46
Stomach	2.7 l	22			1.9 l	22
Lungs	380-560	28	17-18	10-11	340-495	28	17-18	10-11
Liver	1700	20-22	24-28	7-9	1700	20-22	24-28	7-9
kidneys	330	12-13	6-7	4-5	296	12-13	6-7	4-5
gallbladder	9-28 ml	4-15	4-4,5		9-28 ml	4-15	4-4,5
Ureter		28-31	0,5			28-31	0,5
testicles	27 to 49	5-6	3-3,5	3-3,5
Prostate	20 to 30	2,5-4	3,5-5
Uterus					35 to 120	9-10	6-7	4-5
Spleen	170	11-13	8-9	4-5	190	11-13	8-9	4-6
Pancreas	90 to 120	25	4	3	90 to 120	25	4	3
Pituitary		0,7-0,9	1	0,7		0,7-0,9	1	0,7
Thyroid	30 to 40	6-8	4-5	2-3	30 to 40	6-8	4-5	2-3
adrenal glands	9 to 13	5-6	3-4,5	1	9 to 13	5-6	3-4,5	1
Appendix	5 to 9	10			5 to 9	10

The location of human organ systems in pictures with names

Due to the individual characteristics of each person, the influence of heredity factors, the rate of physiological development, the hormonal background, these parameters of the internal organs may slightly deviate in one direction or another.

In general, the information provided displays the average statistical indicators regarding the mass and size of the vital organs of the human body.

Arrangement by couples

Human organs such as the heart, stomach or liver are presented in a single name.

At the same moment, nature endowed the body with paired internal organs, which are:

kidneys located on the left and right sides, providing blood purification from toxins, metabolic products, excretion of harmful substances along with urine during urination;
lungs, which are divided into the left and right lobes (each part of this paired organ has separate branches of the bronchial tree, which makes it possible to maintain the functionality of the tissues even after removing part of them);
thyroid, consisting of two lobules responsible for the production of the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine;
prostate in men, located in the pelvic floor, the upper part of the paired organ is located in close proximity near the posterior wall of the bladder, and the lower lobe near the rectum is closer to the anus;
testicles, located inside the scrotum, which are part of the male reproductive system.

The pairing of these human organs is explained by the high demand of the body in their functions.

The organs of our body have their own structure and location. Knowing the location of a particular organ will help you independently understand what exactly hurts you.

And then go to the appropriate doctor for a solution to health problems. All systems in our body are highly interconnected. To understand what and where is, our diagrams will help you.

With them, the location of the internal organs of a person will remain in your memory for a long time.

The human body is usually divided into three cavities - thoracic, abdominal and pelvic. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. This is a special muscle that expands the lungs.

Usually, the study of internal organs begins from top to bottom. And the first organ on this path is the thyroid gland. It is located in the neck area under the Adam's apple.

But the place of its localization cannot be called permanent, because it can change its size. There are also cases of its omission.

chest cavity

The organs of the chest cavity include the heart, lungs, bronchi and thymus gland. Each of them has its own location and functions. The listed organs are shown below.

Heart

The heart is the main element of the cardiovascular system. Its activity ensures the movement of blood in the vessels. The place of this organ is behind the ribs above the diaphragm.

The heart is located between the lungs, but its position relative to the midline of the body is asymmetrical. Two thirds of the organ is on the left side, and one third on the right. It is noteworthy that the shape of the heart in people is not the same.

It is influenced by gender, age, physique, lifestyle, health status, etc.

Lungs

Studying the layout internal systems and human organs, we move on to the lungs. their job is to regulate the respiratory system. They practically fill the entire chest cavity, located closer to the back.

The lungs can change their size, depending on the phases of our breathing. Their shape resembles a truncated cone. The upper part of the lungs is directed to the supraclavicular fossa.

And their lower part rests against the domed diaphragm.

Bronchi

The bronchi are very similar to tree branches. They are located inside the lungs. There, the organ branches and forms the bronchial tree. The left bronchus differs from the right one in that it is longer, thinner, and also less vertically located. This body is also divided into orders:

1 order - lobar extrapulmonary bronchi;
2 order - segmental extrapulmonary bronchi;
3-5 order - segmental and subsegmental intrapulmonary bronchi;
6-15 order - small intrapulmonary bronchi.

Thymus

The thymus gland is located in the upper part of the chest. It got its name from its appearance, which resembles a two-pronged fork. For a long time, the organ remained mysterious and poorly understood. But now doctors have found out that this gland is responsible for the body's immune system.

Abdomen

The following organs are located in the abdominal cavity:

Stomach,
Pancreas,
Liver,
gallbladder,
Spleen,
Intestines,
kidneys,
Adrenals.

Stomach

The location of the stomach is on the left under the diaphragm. The organ is bag-shaped. Its structure easily allows you to change the size, because the fullness of the body is constantly changing. The stomach stores food and performs its initial digestion. Gastric juice helps him cope with the task.

The list of organs necessary for life

Each organ and system is indispensable for normal development, the course of metabolic processes and life support. Nevertheless, the following list of internal organs is distinguished, which are considered to be the most basic and necessary for a person, since in their absence, death will occur in a matter of seconds:

In the event of a decrease in the efficiency of at least one of the above organs, a person immediately feels worse in general, the body temperature rises, signs of pain appear, there is a breakdown, dizziness, a feeling of lack of oxygen, appetite disappears, or the food eaten is not fully digested.

female reproductive system

The reproductive system in men is presented as a complex of internal and external organs, which have different functions, but in combination are responsible for the reproduction and production of viable spermatozoa.

There are such genital organs as:

testicles - two paired glands placed in a leather scrotum, contain thousands of tortuous ducts, inside which spermatozoa are formed, which are involved in the fertilization of a woman's egg;
vas deferens- originates from the epididymis and is intended for the release of germ cells at the time of sperm ejaculation;
prostate- is responsible for the release of a special secret, called seminal fluid, without which it is impossible to maintain the viability of spermatozoa;
penis - the penis of a man, which in its structural arrangement is a hollow tubular organ (inside there is an urethra for diverting urine, as well as cavernous bodies, which at the time of sexual arousal are filled with blood, and an erection occurs).

If all these genitals work without disturbances, do not have infectious, inflammatory or tumor diseases, then a man is able to lead an active sex life, have an intimate relationship and reproduce.

In women, the reproductive system is much more complicated than that of the representatives of the male half of the population, and combines the following organs:

The clitoris, also part of the female reproductive system, is made up of the same cells as the male penis. In moments of sexual arousal, it also fills with blood and increases in size. Contains a large number of nerve endings, which makes it very sensitive to palpation.

Human genitourinary system

This part of the human body consists of the following internal organs, each of which has its own functional purpose and features, namely:

the urethra in men is 5-8 cm longer than in women, which minimizes the risk of developing infectious diseases in the form of cystitis and urethritis;
in the representatives of the female half of the population, the urethra is intended only for the removal of urine, and in men, spermatozoa and seminal fluid are excreted through it;
the proximity of the location of the genitourinary organs of women relative to the anus increases the risk of infection with pathogenic microorganisms, which requires careful intimate hygiene;
The human bladder has a high degree of elasticity and can hold up to 2 liters of fluid.

The main feature of the genitourinary system in men and women is that they are able to perform a large number of functions aimed at diverting urine and reproducing offspring. This is especially true of the male urinary tract.

Digestive system

The human digestive system is presented in the form of its following elements and sections, each of which provides absorption, digestion and assimilation of the food consumed:

The final element of the human digestive system is the anus, through which biological waste is excreted from the body as the end product of food digestion. The digestive system has a completely closed cycle that works without failures, but only if the tissues of all organs of the gastrointestinal tract are healthy.

Circulation

The process of blood circulation through the veins and arteries of a person is based on the following mechanism and features:

pressure in the venous vessels is practically absent and close to zero;
difference blood pressure in arteries and veins is achieved due to the rhythmic activity of the heart, which has a synchronous work;
the heart muscle pumps blood from the veins into the cavity of the arteries.

The most interesting feature of blood circulation is that the upper blood pressure are created at the time of the heart's stroke, when it throws out the flow of the bloodstream. Lower blood pressure is the result of the heart muscle being in a relaxed state, which lasts for a fraction of a second.

lymphatic system

A branched part of the vascular system, which plays a key role in cleansing the cells and tissues of the body from toxic substances. Unlike the circulatory process, the human lymphatic system is not equipped with a central pump.

It has the following specifics and features:

It is believed that the lymphatic system is a circulatory sewer, since its fluid itself accumulates the waste products of blood cells, absorbed viruses, bacteria, fungal microorganisms, toxins, and free radicals are excreted into it.

glands

Most organs with a glandular structure are part of the endocrine system and are involved in the production of hormones, namely:

thyroid;
epiphysis;
paraganglia;
parathyroid;
adrenal glands;
thymus;
pituitary;
pancreas.

The sex glands in men are represented by the testes, and in women the ovaries perform similar functions. The glandular organs provide a person with a sufficient amount of hormonal substances, which is necessary for the operation of all body systems.

Any human organs with arrangement in pictures and with detailed inscriptions are more convenient for perception, therefore it is recommended to study human anatomy using an illustrated diagram. It is important to remember that all systems and departments are interconnected. In the case of a decrease in the efficiency of one organ, the whole organism suffers.

Article design: Mila Fridan

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SPEECH ORGANS- peripheral speech, or pronunciation, apparatus, which includes human organs with various physiological functions used to form speech sounds. O. r. divided into two groups: respiratory organs that create the necessary jet ... Psychomotor: Dictionary Reference

Organs of speech- Speech organs - speech, or pronunciation, apparatus, human organs with various physiological functions, which are also used to form speech sounds. O. r. are divided into 2 groups: respiratory organs (lungs with bronchi and trachea), creating ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Specialized organs of the body that are excited by stimuli acting on them (see Irritation). Instead of a subjective classification of the senses (sense of touch, hearing, taste, smell, sight), an objective one is often used ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

SENSORS- deliver a signal to the central nervous system about changes occurring in the external environment or in the organism itself, developing and acting in this environment. In this case, only part of the flow of impulses sent by the senses is perceived ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

Books

Sense organs. Perception of the surrounding world, Jean-Bernard Fontaine. In order to adapt to their environment, animals need to get from it various information. This is made possible by the sense organs. But how do they work? Are they the same...
Human sense organs. This book is a concise illustrated guide to human anatomy, physiology, health, and sensory dysfunction. The topic is presented clearly and coherently, so…