Goals and objectivesGoal: to form an idea of Ancient Rus',
Russian princes, about the baptism of Rus' and the meaning
acceptance of Christianity.
Tasks:
- educational: to introduce students to
state Ancient Rus', acceptance role
Christianity for Rus', to learn to work with the map.
- developing: develop speech, memory, attention,
students' horizons, ability to analyze, make
conclusions.
-educational: educate love and
respect for the Motherland, its historical past.
Rule of the Slavs
The government of the Slavs was not the same as we have now. INeach family was in charge of all the affairs of the eldest. For
important matters, the elders converged at the veche (worldly
meetings) and solved cases together. Then the affairs of the tribes
princes began to rule. There was no agreement between the Slavic tribes, and
They had all quarrels and fights. Some tribes, judging that there is no good,
decided at the meeting of the prince
choose, but not from their own, but
from strangers, so that he does not indulge his relatives. Ambassadors
came across the sea to the Varangian people and said such
words: "Our land is great and
plentiful, but orderly in it
no, come reign and
own us." Three Varangian-Russian princes, Rurik and his two brothers, came to us and began to reign. Rurik himself sat down in Novgorod,
but he sent his brothers to other cities. So it began in 862
year after the Nativity of Christ Russian state. From
the name of the family of the first princes, it was called Rus. Territory of Ancient Rus'
increased by the middle of the 11th century. Princes conquered new lands.
The main roads were
rivers and seas. Merchant caravans sailed along them,
boats and rafts of settlers to new lands.
On the banks of the Dnieper River
the city of Kyiv arose. He
became the capital of the ancient
Rus'.
Textbook work
1. Read the text42 textbooks.
us.
Who was the head of Rus'?
Who helped him?
What did the princes do?
What Russian prince
famous for its
hiking? The head of Rus' was the Grand Duke of Kyiv.
In peacetime, the princes ruled the life of the Slavic
tribes, and when enemies came, they became
military leaders. Advisers and assistants to the prince
were boyars. Faithful and devoted princely squad
was the support and support of the head of Rus'. Byzantium was a powerful neighbor of Rus'. With her
sometimes fought, sometimes reconciled. Russian prince Oleg moved on
Byzantium has a huge fleet of 2,000 ships. To
block the way to the fleet, the Byzantines blocked the entrance to
harbor with a huge chain. Then Oleg, according to legend, put his rooks on
wheels and, waiting for a fair wind, moved under
sails to the walls of the city. Under the cover of ships, Russian soldiers were able to freely approach the city. And to intimidate the Greeks, the Rus during their attack
released into the sky big number kites. Frightened by an unprecedented sight, the Byzantines immediately
asked for peace. As usual, Prince Oleg nailed his
shield to the gates of Tsargrad. Between Russia and Byzantium
a peace treaty was signed.
Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich
One of the first Russianprinces was Prince Vladimir
Svyatoslavich.
The Russian people in the custom
was to give to their rulers
nicknames. Vladimir was nicknamed
Red Sun.
Vladimir was a skilled warrior
and wise ruler. He turned Rus' into a huge power, about which with respect
spoken in Europe. It was hard
manage such a power, and
even harder to defend. The most dangerous was the southern border: from the south of Rus' threatened
militant Pechenegs. Prince Vladimir ordered
build on the southern border of the fortress, and from the fortresses
to Kyiv itself - signal towers with bonfires. Much has been said about the reign of Vladimir
interesting epics. It was in his squad that
famous Russian heroes Ilya Muromets and Nikita
Kozhemyaka, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. In 988 - more than a thousand
years ago - Prince Vladimir the Red Sun
introduced a new religion in Rus' - Christianity. Those
Christian times
religion - faith in Jesus
Christ - was common in most countries
Europe. Prince Vladimir
decided that if Rus' too
becomes a Christian
will be much more convenient
negotiate with neighboring countries. First to be baptized
Prince Vladimir himself and his squad. Then the prince forced the people of Kiev to be baptized. Princely
servants traveled all over the city and announced when and where
have to come. “If someone does not come tomorrow to the river -
whether rich or poor, let my enemy be!” announced the prince. On the appointed day, people gathered on the banks of the Dnieper,
entered the water, and the priests began to read a prayer.
Prince Vladimir watched the christening from a high hill. Those who did not want to part with the former
by the gods, by order of the prince, they were driven into the Dnieper by force. Following Kyiv, Vladimir
Red Sun introduced Christianity to other Russians
cities. With Christianity on
Rus' began to spread
literacy, education.
The arts began to develop
and crafts, such as construction. Beautiful churches were built throughout Rus' and
cathedrals. The new faith taught
think not only about yourself
good, but also for the good of your neighbor,
helped to get rid of evil
thoughts, rallied and
brought people together.
SUMMING UP
1.Name the capital
Ancient Rus'.
2. How it was organized
administration of the ancient
Rus'?
3. What year
baptism happened
Rus'?
Exercise
Complete tasks inworkbook
p.15 -17
The formation of the state among the Slavs Nestor the chronicler, the author of The Tale of Bygone Years, connected the foundation of the state among the Slavs with the personality of Prince Kyi. Kiy is the legendary prince of the meadows, who founded the capital of Kievan Rus. “The brothers Kyi, Shchek and Khoriv, with their sister Lybid, lived between the glades on three mountains ... Kiy ruled over his kind ... His descendants reigned among the glades.” N.M. Karamzin
The calling of the Varangians Further, Nestor tells about the calling of the Varangians to Novgorod: “And there was no truth among them, and there was a clan against a clan, and they had strife, and they said to themselves: “Let's look for a prince who would rule over us and judge by right. » And they went across the sea to the Varangians, to Rus'. Those Varangians were called Rus, just as others were called Swedes (Swedes), and others were Normans ... The Rus said: “Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no order in it. Come reign and rule over us." And three brothers were chosen with their clans, and they took all of Rus' with them, and came to the Slavs. And the elder Rurik sat in Ladoga, and the other - Sineus - on Beloozero, and the third Truvor - in Izborsk ... Rurik gg. The legendary founder of the ancient Russian state
Prince Oleg According to the chronicle legend, a relative or governor of Rurik. After the death of Rurik, he became the prince of Novgorod and had to take care of the young prince Igor. In 882 cunning took possession of Kiev and made it the capital of the state ("mother of Russian cities"). Oleg and Igor
Oleg's campaigns Oleg fought with the tribes of northerners and Radimichi. Defeated them and imposed tribute. Successfully fought with the Khazars. In 907 He made a successful campaign against Byzantium. Oleg's shield over Tsargrad "How it is now assembled prophetic Oleg to take revenge on the unreasonable Khazars: Their villages and fields for a violent raid Doomed him to swords and fires ... "
In 911, Oleg concluded a profitable trade agreement with the Greeks, and died a year later. The legend of the death of the prince formed the basis of the famous poem by A.S. Pushkin: “... So this is where my death lurked! The bone threatened me with death!” From the dead head, the grave snake, Hissing, meanwhile crawled out; Like a black ribbon wrapped around his legs, And suddenly the stung prince cried out. Oleg terrified his enemies and was loved by his subjects. Upon learning of Oleg's death, "the people groaned and shed tears."
Prince Igor Son of Rurik, a successful commander. He concluded a truce with the Pechenegs. In 941 he made an unsuccessful campaign against Byzantium: his boats were burned by "Greek fire". Killed while trying to retake tribute from the Drevlyans in 945.
Princess Olga avenged the murder of her husband. Streamlined the collection of tribute (the introduction of lessons and churchyards). She was the ruler under the young Svyatoslav, and when he grew up, she ruled the state during his endless campaigns. Accepted Christianity. Her godfather was the emperor of Byzantium Constantine Porphyrogenitus.
Prince Svyatoslav Svyatoslav spent almost his entire life in military campaigns. Subdued the Vyatichi. Destroyed the Khazar Khaganate. Fought with Byzantium.
Svyatoslav “Svyatoslav was of medium height and very slender, had a broad chest, blue eyes and a long thick mustache. The hair on his head was cut off, with the exception of one lock, a sign of noble birth; in one ear hung a gold earring. The appearance of the prince was gloomy and severe. His white clothes only differed in purity from the clothes of other Russians. Byzantine chronicler Leo the Deacon To him the vault of heaven was a tent And in the summer heat, and in the winter cold, The earth under the felt-bed, And the food-horse meat in hunger. K.F. Ryleev
Vladimir the Red Sun Thanks to successful campaigns, he expanded the borders of Rus'. He built fortress cities on the southern borders with the Pechenegs, with whom he constantly had to fight. In 988 he was baptized. After that, he made Christianity the state religion.
Yaroslav the Wise Expelled Svyatopolk from Kyiv Defeated the Pechenegs in 1036. Rus' was forever freed from this enemy. Under Yaroslav, written laws were first published in the Slavic language - "Russian Truth". The prince devoted a lot of time to culture, education, the creation of libraries, schools, the construction of churches and monasteries. Reading "Russian Truth" to the people
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv At the site of the victory over the Pechenegs, Yaroslav ordered the laying of the church of Hagia Sophia. For the construction, Yaroslav invited the best Byzantine craftsmen. The temple became the main religious and cultural center of the country. Within the walls of the temple there was a school, a scriptorium and Yaroslav's library. Here the Grand Duke was buried.
Vladimir Monomakh One of the favorite Russian princes. The people composed epics about him, extolling his victory over the Polovtsian Khan Tugorkan (Tugarin Zmeevich). The fame of his military exploits thundered both in the west and in the east. The prince was named Monomakh in honor of his grandfather, the Byzantine emperor Constantine Monomakh. Vladimir received a good education. He had an extraordinary gift for writing.
Congress of Princes 1097 Lyubech Vladimir Monomakh's life was spent in campaigns and battles. Repeatedly, he repelled the attacks of the Polovtsy, and even restored justice in civil strife. In 1113 Vladimir Monomakh occupied the throne of Kiev not by right of succession, but at the request of the people of Kiev. He ruled for 12 years, and these years were relatively calm for Rus'. He died at the age of 73, mourned by children and people. “Why are we destroying the Russian land, ourselves raising mutual enmity. Meanwhile, the Polovtsy rejoice that we are at war with each other, and strive to destroy our land piece by piece. From now on, we will be unanimous and save the Russian land!
The first princes of Rus'
Completed by: Zotikova A.G.
Primary school teacher
MBOUSOSH s.p. "P. Youth
The Slavs did not have sovereigns; in every seven, the oldest was in charge of all affairs. For the most important matters, the elders met for vecha (worldly gatherings) and decided matters together.
The ancient Slavic tribes lived separately. There was no agreement between them, but there were all quarrels and fights.
one old and clever man By the name of Gostomysl, he called many old people to him before his death and began to tell them: “Look for yourself such a person who would sort out your quarrels, reconcile you and punish the disobedient. Such a person will also take care that foreign nations do not offend you!”
Tired of the strife, the local leaders decided to invite Prince Rurik and his brothers, Sineus and Truvor, from Denmark. Rurik readily responded to the tempting offer of the ambassadors.
Rurik built the city of Novgorod and took possession of all the surrounding lands. Sineus settled in Beloozero, and Truvor - in Izborsk. Then the younger brothers died, and Rurik began to rule alone.
Together with Rurik and the Vikings, the word "Rus" came to the Slavs. That was the name of the warrior-rower on the Scandinavian boat.
The head of Rus' was the Grand Duke of Kiev, and his advisers and assistants were the boyars.
After the death of Rurik, power in Novgorod passed not to his young son Igor, but to Rurik's relative Oleg.
In 882, Oleg with a retinue, under the guise of a Varangian merchant, approached Kyiv. Suddenly, Oleg's warriors jumped out of the boats and killed the Kyiv rulers.
So for the first time the lands of the east
Slavs from Ladoga to Kyiv were united under the rule
one prince.
Kyiv obeyed Oleg. This is how Kievan Rus was formed, the city of Kyiv became the capital.
Oleg became famous for his military exploits. The famous act of Oleg was the 907 campaign against Tsargrad (Constantinople).
Seeing how the barbarians who came from the north were robbing and burning in the vicinity of the city, they went to negotiate with Oleg, made peace and paid tribute to him. Before leaving Constantinople, Oleg, as a sign of victory, hung his shield on the gates of the city.
For his ability to foresee events and find a way out of even the most seemingly unfavorable situation, Oleg received the nickname Prophetic.
Oleg's successor Igor, nicknamed "Old", the son of Rurik, ruled for 33 years. He lived in Kyiv, which became his home.
It was a warrior, a stern Varangian, who
almost continuously conquered the tribes of the Slavs, taxed
their tribute.
Every winter, the prince went to the polyudye - he traveled around his lands, judged, sorted out disputes, collected tribute.
During the polyudya of 945, it seemed to Igor that the tribute of the Drevlyans was small, and he returned for more.
The Drevlyans were outraged
By this iniquity, they seized the prince, tied him by the legs to two mighty bent trees and let them go.
So ingloriously died Prince Igor.
The unexpected death of Igor forced his wife Olga to take power into her own hands - after all, their son Svyatoslav was only 4 years old.
In the legends, Olga became famous for her wisdom,
cunning, energy. It is known about Olga that she was the first of the Russian rulers to receive foreign ambassadors in Kyiv.
Svyatoslav grew up and began to rule Russia. He fought almost continuously, raiding his neighbors with his retinue, and very distant ones - the Vyatichi, Volga Bulgars, defeated the Khazar Khaganate.
In one of the raids, the squad was ambushed by the Pechenegs, and Svyatoslav died in battle with the nomads.
Even before going to Bulgaria, Svyatoslav distributed the lands among his sons. He left the elder Yaropolk in Kyiv, the middle one - Oleg sent to the land of the Drevlyans, and the youngest - Vladimir, he planted in Novgorod.
After the death of Svyatoslav, Yaropolk attacked Oleg, and he died in battle. Vladimir, learning about this, fled to Scandinavia.
Two years later, with a detachment of the Varangians, he returned to Novgorod and moved through Polotsk to Kyiv.
Vladimir managed to
a thread to the betrayal of Yaropolk's close adviser Blud, and as a result of the conspiracy, Yaropolk was killed. So Vladimir captured Kyiv.
Vladimir understood the need for change in matters of faith.
According to legend, Vladimir listened to various priests, and in the end he chose Orthodoxy.
In 988, Prince Vladimir captured Korsun, where Vladimir himself, along with his warriors, was baptized.
Returning to Kyiv, with the help of combatants, he drove all the inhabitants of the city to the banks of the Dnieper and christened them.
Despite the harsh measures of Vladimir's rule, the people loved him, called him the Red Sun. He was generous, unforgiving, complaisant, ruled not cruelly, skillfully defended the country from enemies.
Vladimir
died in 1015
The struggle between Yaroslav and Svyatopolk for power was hard.
Only in 1019 Yaroslav finally defeated Svyatopolk and fortified himself in Kyiv.
After his death, Svyatopolk, the eldest son of Vladimir, came to power in Kyiv.
One of the sons of Yaroslav, ruled in Novgorod
Under Yaroslav, the code of laws "Russian Truth" was adopted, the judicial customs and traditions of Rus' were also recorded there.
Yaroslav is known as "Wise", that is, a scientist, smart, educated.
Yaroslav became famous
construction of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv.
"In the times of Ancient Rus'"
The head of Ancient Rus' was:
The capital of Ancient Rus' is the city:
Chernihiv
Which Russian prince became famous for his military exploits?
Vladimir
Who were the prince's advisers and assistants?
Bogatyrs
To the gates of which city did Prince Oleg nail his shield?
Tsargrad
How did people call Prince Oleg?
Red Sun
What important event happened in 998?
Baptism of Rus'
Capture of Constantinople
Peace treaty with Byzantium
On what river did the baptism of Rus' take place?
Western Dvina
What was the name of Prince Red Sun?
Vladimir
Svyatoslav
http://files.myopera.com
http://1.bp.blogspot.com
http://vostslav07.narod.ru
http://slavs.org.ua
http://www.fresher.ru
http://www.foma.ru
http://s50.radikal.ru
http://artofwar.ru
http://www.fresher.ru/
http://cs11088.vkontakte.ru
http://www.ruklinok.info
http://life.comments.ua
http://www.ruklinok.info
http://blogs.villagevoice.com
http://www.liveinternet.ru
http://web-local.rudn.ru
http://allthings.clan.su
http://history.chuvash.org
http://metvas.livejournal.com
http://www.russ.ru
http://ote4estvo.ru
http://www.vbglenobl.ru
http://history.chuvash.org
http://slavs.org.ua
http://allforchildren.ru
Sources:
"The world around us". Grade 4: lesson plans according to the textbook by A.A. Pleshakov. /aut.-stat. N.V. Labodina. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2006.
Anisimov E.V. "Ancient Rus' Rurik" School guide. Series "Know the world". - M., 2007.
Rurik RURIK, according to Russian chronicle legends, one of the king brothers, that is, the leader of the Varangian squads, allegedly called from across the sea by the Novgorod Slavs in order to stop civil strife in Novgorod, founded Old Russian state. According to this version, Rurik settled in Novgorod, and subsequently became the sovereign ruler of the Novgorod land.
The transformation of Rurik from the leader of a mercenary squad into a Novgorod prince contributed to the cessation of strife and the strengthening of the role of Novgorod as a political center for the union of the northern group of Slavic tribes. Rurik ruled first in Ladoga. He was not called from across the sea, but seized power in Novgorod in 862, taking advantage of internal strife. The legend about the creation of the Old Russian state by Rurik is refuted by numerous sources that speak of the formation of statehood among the Slavs long before the 9th century. and about the formation of the Old Russian state as a result of internal social development.
Oleg built cities, determined the amount of taxes from the Slovenes, Krivichi and Mary, ordered Novgorod to pay an annual tribute to the Varangians of 300 hryvnias to preserve peace. In 883 he tormented the Drevlyans, in 884 he defeated the northerners, in 885 he subjugated the Radimichi, imposing tribute on all these peoples. He tried to conquer the streets and Tivertsy. The Joachim Chronicle reports that Oleg successfully fought the Khazars, Bulgarians and other peoples who lived in the Danube region.
Igor Igor (912 - 945) - Grand Duke of Kiev. The Tale of Bygone Years calls him the son of Rurik. According to the chronicle, Prince Igor assumed power in 912 after the death of Oleg, already in adulthood. After the death of Oleg, feeling a weaker hand, the Drevlyans tried to refuse to pay the established tribute, but Prince Igor pacified the rebellion and forced the Drevlyans to submit.
During the reign of Igor, the process of the formation of the state was not yet completed, in particular, the tax system did not take shape, as evidenced by the chronicle legend. According to The Tale of Bygone Years, Prince Igor went with his retinue to polyudye to the Drevlyane land. Considering the tribute insufficient, Prince Igor decided to collect it again. Outraged by such arbitrariness, the Drevlyans from Iskoresten killed Igor's small detachment, and killed him himself. This happened in 945.
Campaigns against Byzantium Under 907 The Tale of Bygone Years tells about Oleg's campaign against Byzantium, in which all the peoples subject to him took part. Russian cavalry and a fleet of 2,000 ships approached Tsargrad. The Russians burned down many houses and churches, killed many people in the suburbs of Constantinople. They tried to kill Oleg by bringing him poisoned food and wine from the city. But the Russian prince did not accept their gifts. The Byzantines had to pay Oleg a huge indemnity. Rus' concluded a very favorable peace treaty with Byzantium, which provided great benefits to Russian merchants. Departing from Constantinople, Oleg, as a sign of victory, hung his shield on the city gates. He brought gold, silks, fruits of the earth, wine and all sorts of patterns to Kyiv from the campaign. Then he received the nickname Prophetic.
Igor also undertook campaigns against Constantinople, the first of them ended very sadly for the Russian army, most of the prince's army was destroyed. Prince Igor gathered the second campaign. In 944, the united army of the Rus, Varangians and Pechenegs set off to the south. Warned by the Bulgars and Khazars "about Rus' without number", the Byzantines offered peace on favorable terms for the Russians. After consulting with wise combatants, Prince Igor accepted the emperor's proposal. The following year, Kyiv and Tsargrad exchanged embassies and signed a new peace treaty in 944.
Economic and foreign policy activities of Olga. Olga (945 - c. 965) - Grand Duchess, widow of Prince Igor. Princess Olga is one of the most interesting faces of ancient Russian history. The peculiarity of her position lies in the fact that of all the rulers of the "Rurik Empire" she is the only woman. Its origin is unknown. Probably, she was "from the family of neither Prince nor Grandee, but from ordinary people."
After the death of Igor in 945, Igor's son, Svyatoslav, was still a child at that time, and thus Princess Olga became the de facto ruler of the entire Russian land. Following the tradition of blood feud, she brutally avenged the Drevlyans for the death of her husband. The Tale of Bygone Years describes state activity princesses. Unlike Igor, who levied tribute arbitrarily, in fact, Olga carried out the first tax reform in the history of the Old Russian state. In 946, she introduced a fixed amount of tribute - lessons, the procedure for its collection and their systematic nature, which contributed to the strengthening of princely power in the subject territories. The chronicle mentions the organization of camps and guest houses by Olga, which later become the administrative centers of the state.
The economic strengthening that followed the administrative reforms of Princess Olga contributed to the increase in the political weight of Kievan Rus in international relations. Olga decided to consolidate this new position of her state by joining the Christian faith. Moreover, the princess sought to receive baptism precisely from the hands of the Byzantine patriarch and precisely in the capital of the empire - Constantinople, since this increased prestige within Rus' and beyond. According to the chronicle, Olga was the first princess who converted to Christianity. Apparently, this happened in 955 in Constantinople. She returned to Kyiv with a priest, which contributed to the further spread Christian religion in Russian lands, created the prerequisites for the adoption of Christianity in the eastern version. In an era when war was the main means of resolving political disputes, Olga strove for international recognition without the use of force. During her reign, Rus' did not fight with any of the neighboring states. Journey to Constantinople Let us turn to the documents at our disposal. It is authentically known that the Kievan princess traveled to Constantinople during the time of Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, and during his sole reign, that is, after the removal of Roman Lecapenus and his sons from power (gg.). Constantine left detailed description reception of Olga at the Byzantine court. Olga was a pagan, but the name of God Almighty was already famous in Kyiv. She wanted to become a Christian and herself went to the capital of the empire and the Greek Faith. There, the patriarch was her mentor and baptizer, and Konstantin Porphyrogenitus was her godfather from the font. Instructed in the holy rules of Christianity by the Patriarch himself, Olga returned to Kyiv. The emperor, according to the chronicler, let her go with rich gifts and the name of her daughter, but it seems that she was generally unhappy with his reception. The princess, inflamed with zeal for her new Faith, was in a hurry to reveal to her son the delusions of paganism, but the young, proud Svyatoslav did not want to heed her instructions.
slide 2
cue
the legendary founder of the city of Kyiv, together with the brothers Shchek and Khoriv, and its first ruler. This happened at the turn of the 8th-9th centuries, in the 790-800s.
slide 3
Until relatively recently, many considered Kyi to be a purely legendary figure, invented primarily in order to explain the origin of the name "Kyiv". However, the custom of giving the city the name of its founder did exist; this is how the names of the cities Vladimir-Volynsky later arose (in honor of Vladimir Svyatoslavich)
slide 4
Rurik
was born, approximately, in 806-807. in the city of Rerik, in the family of Godolub, the prince of the Slavs-rarogs (reregs). Rarogs were part of a large tribal union of Obodriches, who were engaged in arable farming, crafts and trade.
slide 5
Rurik's mother was Umilena, the middle daughter of the Novgorod prince Gostomysl. The first-born who gave birth in such a family had a secure future practically in his pocket, but "his majesty the case" reshapes human destinies in his own way. In 808, the Danish king Gottfried captured the city of Rerik and executed Godolub. Affectionate, together with Rurik, flees the city. Now, apart from the noble origin and the family emblem of the saker falcon, the symbol of Firebog, Rurik had nothing (falconry is a popular royal fun, it leads the tradition from this symbol).
slide 6
According to the chronicles, called from the Varangians by the Slavs, Krivichi, Chud and the whole in 862, Rurik first occupied Ladoga, and then moved to Novgorod. Ruled in Novgorod under an agreement concluded with the local nobility, who approved the right to collect income. Founder of the Rurik dynasty. according to the chronicle legend, the head of the Varangian military detachment, allegedly called by the Ilmen Slavs, together with the brothers Sineus and Truvor, to reign in Novgorod.
Slide 7
Of course, Rurik made plans for the capture of Kyiv, a campaign against Tsar-grad and the defeat of the Khazar Khaganate, but he needed powerful allies. Therefore, in 873-879, he repeatedly traveled to the West, where he negotiated military support with the heirs of the Frankish king Lothair. Unfortunately, death in 879 interrupted his plans, they were brought to life by the priest-warrior Oleg the Prophet, together with Prince Igor Rurikovich.
Slide 8
Deer
The origin of the prince's name still raises questions. A common historical version derived it from the Scandinavian "dyr" or "djur" - "beast", which was explained by the Scandinavian origin of Dir. According to other versions - the name-nickname has Slavic or Turkic roots. - Old Russian prince. According to legend, Askold's co-ruler in Kyiv. Killed by Prince Oleg.
Slide 9
Coming from nowhere, he appeared to Novgorod among the Rus, who accompanied Rurik, who was called to reign, in 862; in 864; from Kyiv he went in boats to Byzantium (Constantinople), according to some reports, in 865, and again, already according to the chronicle, in 866; having failed from a storm in the Bosporus, made peace with the Greeks in 867; there are indications that he converted to Christianity around 870; “And the grave of Dirov,” testifies St. Nestor, “behind St. Orina,” and this place is indicated presumably to the south of the current Kiev-Sophia Cathedral and not far from the ruins of the ancient Irininsky church, found in 1833.
Slide 10
OLEG (882-912)
ancient prince. Ruled from 879 in Novgorod, from 882 in Kyiv. As a result of the victorious campaign against Byzantium, the first written agreements were concluded in 907 and 911, which provided for preferential terms of trade for Russian merchants, the solution of legal and military issues.
slide 11
In 882, according to chronicle chronology, Prince Oleg set off on a campaign from Novgorod to the south, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech along the way, establishing his power there. Further, Oleg, with the Novgorod army and a mercenary Varangian squad, captured Kyiv, killed Askold and Dirai, who ruled there, and declared Kyiv the capital of his states; paganism was the dominant religion, although a Christian community already existed in Kyiv. Oleg conquered the Drevlyans, Northerners and Radimichi (the last two tribal unions had previously paid tribute to the Khazars).
slide 12
Igor (912-945)
Grand Duke of Kiev from 912. In 941 and 944 he made campaigns in Byzantium, with which he concluded an agreement. Igor made two military campaigns against Byzantium. The first, in 941, ended unsuccessfully.
slide 13
The second campaign against Byzantium took place in 944. It ended with an agreement that confirmed many of the provisions of the previous agreements of 907 and 911, but abolished duty-free trade. In 943 or 944 a campaign was made against Berdaa. In 945, Igor was killed while collecting tribute from the Drevlyans. Killed by the Drevlyans who rebelled during the collection of tribute.
Slide 14
Olga (945-969)
princess, wife of the Kyiv prince Igor. Rules in the early childhood of the son of Svyatoslav and during his campaigns. Suppressed the uprising of the Drevlyans. The first of the Russian rulers adopted Christianity even before the baptism of Rus', the first Russian saint.
slide 15
Having conquered the Drevlyans, Olga in 947 went to the Novgorod and Pskov lands, assigning lessons there (a kind of tribute measure), after which she returned to her son Svyatoslav in Kyiv. Olga established a system of "graveyards" - centers of trade and exchange, in which taxes were collected in a more orderly manner; then temples began to be built around the graveyards. Princess Olga laid the foundation for stone town planning in Rus'.
slide 16
In 945, Olga established the size of the "polyudya" - taxes in favor of Kyiv, the timing and frequency of their payment - "dues" and "charters". The lands subject to Kyiv were divided into administrative units, in each of which a princely administrator - "tiun" was appointed.
Slide 17
Svyatoslav Igorevich (957-972)
Kyiv prince. Son of Prince Igor Rurikovich. Around 962, the matured Svyatoslav took power into his own hands. His first action was the subjugation of the Vyatichi (964), who were the last of all the East Slavic tribes to continue to pay tribute to the Khazars.
Slide 18
He made campaigns from 964 from Kyiv to the Oka, the Volga region, the North Caucasus and the Balkans; subjugated the Vyatichi. In 965, Svyatoslav made a campaign against the Khazar Khaganate, taking its main cities by storm. . In 967 he fought with Bulgaria for the Danube. In alliance with the Hungarians, Bulgarians and waged the Russian-Byzantine war of 970-971. Strengthened the foreign policy position of the Kievan state. He was killed in a battle with the Pechenegs at the Dnieper rapids while returning to Kyiv from an unsuccessful campaign against Byzantium in 972.
Slide 19
Vladimir I Svyatoslavovich (980-1015)
Prince of Novgorod (since 969), Grand Duke of Kiev (since 980). The youngest son of Svyatoslav. Conquered the Vyatichi, Radimichi and Yotvingians, fought with the Volga Bulgaria, Byzantium and Poland
Slide 20
Under him, defensive lines were built along the rivers Desna, Osetr, Trubezh, Sula, etc., the city of Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings. In 988-989 he introduced Christianity as the state religion. Under Vladimir I, the Old Russian state entered its heyday, and the international prestige of Rus' increased. In Russian epics it was called the Red Sun. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
slide 21
Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054)
Grand Duke of Kyiv (1019). Son of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich. The board was at times the highest flowering of the state.
slide 22
He established dynastic ties with many European countries, which testified to the wide international recognition of Rus' in the European Christian world. Intensive stone construction is unfolding. Yaroslav moved from Novgorod to Kyiv and defeated the Pechenegs, after which their raids on Rus' ceased. Under him, Russian Truth was compiled.
View all slides
Loading...