Essay writing in Russian. Ready essays for the exam in the Russian language

Essay

“Happy is he who managed to find the point of Archimedes in himself” - these lines of F.I. Tyutchev are very close to me as a person.

For me, the profession of a Teacher is a source of human communication, joy, a sense of belonging to the birth of something new in this life.

This is really “a long-range profession, the most important on earth”, because it provides an opportunity, carefully and carefully touching the inner world of a child, to help him realize his own significance, originality and, having discovered the miracle of his own “I”, to look at the world in a new way , learn to get along with this world, not get lost in it. In a word, be a successful person.

To do this, I must give the guys support in life and at the same time convince them that fate must be built on the foundation of their own personality, overcoming all the difficulties that they will encounter on their life path. This must be done. After all, they, my boys and girls, are still very young, fragile, thin, like trees, who need to lean against something, get support and direction of development there, up.

What kind of support can I, a teacher of the Russian language and literature, give the children by entering their classroom every day?

Maybe such knowledge in the subject that will allow them to successfully pass the exam and continue their education in their chosen specialty? Certainly yes. But is this enough, because there are other ways to master test technologies: tutoring, distance learning, self-education?

Then what? It is very important for me to teach children to think independently, to search for the necessary information, to compare facts. Then they will not stop learning all their lives, regardless of their profession, ahead of me and themselves.

But how do you teach them to learn?

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy wrote: “Knowledge is only then knowledge when it is acquired by the efforts of one’s thought, and not by memory ....”. There is only one way out: you need to give the guys the opportunity to independently look for the answer - to look, maybe even painfully long, but seriously. That is why, every time I go to a lesson, I expect from my children not obedience, but “discoveries”, overcoming oneself, joy from working together to solve educational problems.

I try to teach them to find the truth in any issue, in solving any problem. I think dialogue is the best form of such activity. For me, this is a special form of cooperation, sealed by mutual understanding, when the conversation is based on the principle: student - teacher. At the lesson, I try to direct the thoughts of the children in the right direction.

But for such a conversation to take place, a whole system of questions and tasks of different levels is needed, suggesting the ambiguity of the solution. Therefore, for such classes, I often select various forms of work that allow me to rely on the life experience of the guys, to show the perfection of thought, non-standard approaches to solving the problem under discussion.

This will allow my graduates to become successful in their chosen professional field, as they will adequately respond to the emergence of new technologies, projects, and at the same time will not mindlessly accept all emerging trends and changes, but choose those that are really promising.

But is this my only purpose?

In my opinion, the vocation of a teacher, first of all, is to interest the children in their subject, to give impetus to the development of the creative abilities of schoolchildren, to create conditions for their personal development, moral maturation, worldview formation. This means that I must educate Man by the means of my subject.

In my lessons, I teach my children not to perceive it as a dry science. Therefore, at every lesson I try to show them the richness of the content of the educational material, drawing invisible threads connecting it with other sciences, the great discoveries of mankind, with the art and destinies of people.

I strive to introduce them to the Russian language and literature as part of human culture, which, along with other subjects, contributes to the formation of the personality of my students, their moral education.

I understand that the greatest opportunities in the spiritual development of adolescents are the content of humanitarian, aesthetic areas, when Good, Beauty, Man, Knowledge become the values ​​of pupils when listening to a literary or musical work, viewing a painting.

I also really want the guys to believe in themselves. Because it's so important to them. To do this, at each lesson I create a special, trusting atmosphere, an atmosphere of cooperation. I believe that the secret of successful education lies in respect for your students. Therefore, I try to treat each of the guys with respect.

“You are not like everyone else, you are not better or worse than me, you are just different,” I never get tired of repeating the words of N. Roerich to the guys about their individuality and I do everything to achieve optimal results for everyone: and with pronounced abilities - there was only one: from success to success. I try to notice everyone and provide emotional support, using for this purpose a person-oriented and differentiated approach.

I often think about what is my mission, my purpose and the power of influence on children's hearts? And I answer myself: it is huge, agreeing with K.D. Ushinsky, who once noted: “the influence of the personality of the educator on the young soul is that educational force that cannot be replaced either by material maxims or by a system of punishments and rewards.” That is why I should be not just a Teacher, but first of all an Educator, who, especially in the countryside, has a special role in the spiritual and social development of children. I am responsible for each of them, and therefore I must create conditions for their favorable personal development, provide prompt assistance to adolescents in solving their individual problems related to success in learning, communication, life and professional self-determination. This means that I also need to grow professionally, be a creative, extraordinary person, since only "a person can educate a person."

Self-improvement of a person, the process of his individual development, spiritual and social development does not end with school. They are continuous. The school and the teacher are the starting point that opens this path for the teenager. And if he is characterized by “jealous dissatisfaction with the work of his hands, dragging him further and not allowing him to calm down on any of his “Babylons”, then this process will not end, like life itself.

Many people assume that an essay is a regular essay. However, it is not.

Essay is a prose literary genre. Translated from French means "essay" or "sketch". The essay reflects the individual experiences of the author, his view on a particular issue. It does not give an exhaustive answer to a specific question, but reflects one's own opinion or impression.

When writing an essay, logic develops perfectly, the ability to argue one's opinion, and correctly present information. The style of presentation is more conversational.

Characteristic features of an essay

To write an essay correctly, one should take into account the specific features that distinguish it from other genres.

The main features of the essay:

1. The presence of a specific narrow topic that contains a problem and prompts the reader to think.
2. Subjective author's position. The essay is distinguished precisely by the presence of the author's view of the existing problem, his attitude to the world, speech and thinking.
3. Conversational writing style. Complex wording, too long sentences should be avoided. It is important to maintain a casual style in order to establish contact with the reader. At the same time, it is important not to overdo it by turning the essay into a low-quality text full of slang. The correct emotional coloring of the text will be given by short, simple and understandable sentences, the use of different intonation in sentences.
4. Detailed analysis of the problem. Your own point of view must be argued based on factual material.
5. Relative brevity of presentation. There are no restrictions on the number of pages, but the essay is notable for its small volume.
6. Free building. The essay is in the nature of a presentation that does not fit into any specific framework. The construction is subject to its own logic, which the author adheres to, trying to consider the problem from different angles.
7. Presentation logic. Despite the free composition, the essay must have internal unity, consistency of the author's statements expressing his opinion.

Thus, the essay is distinguished by a special style of narration, its purpose is to encourage the reader to think. The author does not insist on his point of view, but, as it were, invites the reader to consider and discuss it.

How to write an essay?

The correct writing of an essay is to understand the features of the genre. Compliance with the basic principles and recommendations for writing will allow you to create an interesting essay.

How to choose a theme

If there is no list of topics among which you can choose one, and only a general direction is given, then you need to consider what audience the essay is intended for. The options may be different: a teacher at a university, a commission, a literary community, an employer. If an essay is written for delivery to a teacher, then it is necessary to consider what qualities will be assessed. Based on this, the topic should be chosen so that it is possible to show the abilities that the verifier expects from the author: originality, the ability to logically build sentences, literacy, professional qualities, etc.

When choosing a topic for writing an essay from the proposed list, you should choose one that has certain knowledge, considerations, or just a strong interest.

If the essay is focused on the employer, then it is desirable that both the topic and the content of the essay reflect the character of the author, his sincerity, originality, humanity and individuality.

How to start an essay

It often happens that a person who has sufficient eloquence and the ability to express his thoughts on paper has difficulty in starting a composition, including an essay. Thinking about the beginning can stretch for quite a long time, which greatly overshadows the process of creative work. Check out our tips on how to start an essay.

Tip 1. Before you start writing an essay, you need to formulate an idea, define a goal and find sources of information for work.

Tip 2. Use the freewriting technique (free writing). Its essence is to write down all the thoughts that come to mind without editing it and not following the grammar, punctuation, style, etc. A great way to help deal with a creative block and find an extraordinary idea.

Tip 3. It is important not to dwell on the introductory part. The introduction can be written after the main part is written. In this case, it is already clear what the essay is about, so it is easier to write the introduction.

Tip 4. One of the fairly common options is to write an essay, starting with a question, the answer to which is given later.

How to plan an essay

You should not strive to draw up a perfect plan right away. It can be edited while working. It is generally not necessary to make a plan when writing an essay, as well as stick to an already written plan. The absence of restrictions and rigid frameworks is the advantage of this genre. If it is easier for the author to stick to a strict plan, then it is worth taking the time to compile it.

All the main thoughts should be reflected in the form of points of the plan. Then, detail it as much as possible, breaking each item into sub-items.

What is the structure of an essay

The order of writing an essay usually comes down to three steps.

1. Introductory part

Like any written work, an essay contains an introductory part or introduction.

A well-written introduction makes the reader interested and read the essay to the end. The introductory part may contain the formulation of the problem and its essence, a rhetorical question, a quote, etc. it is important to create a special emotional mood and bring the reader to the problem under consideration.

1. Main part

In the main part, you can give different points of view on the problem under consideration, touch on the history of the issue.

Usually the main part consists of several subparagraphs, each of which consists of three sections: thesis(arguable proposition), justification(arguments used to prove the thesis), subconclusion(partial answer to the main question).

Arguments are judgments made in order to convince the reader of the truth of a certain point of view. These can be various situations from life, the opinions of scientists, evidence, etc.

The argument can be built in the following sequence:

1. Statement.
2. Explanation.
3. Example.
4. Final judgment.
5. Conclusion

The conclusion unites all the conclusions made on each thesis presented in the main part. The reader must come to a logical conclusion based on the arguments given. In conclusion, the problem is re-stated and a final conclusion is made.

If the purpose of the introductory part is to interest the reader, then the purpose of the last sentences is to add integrity to the overall picture, leave the work in the reader’s memory and prompt reflection.

The difference between an essay and an essay

The correct writing of an essay is different from writing a regular essay. Therefore, if the task is to write an essay, then you need to take into account the characteristic features of the genre that distinguish it from the rest.

Unlike an essay that analyzes a work of art, an essay contains the author's point of view and his position on the problem under consideration.

Also, one of the distinguishing features of an essay from a composition is its paradoxicality, that is, the goal is to surprise the reader, to impress him, using vivid images, aphorisms, paradoxical statements.

Writing Tips:

1. When writing an essay, you should alternate short phrases with long ones. In this case, the text will be dynamic enough to be easy to read.
2. Do not use complex and incomprehensible words, especially if the meaning of the word is unfamiliar.
3. Use as few general phrases as possible. The essay should be unique, individualized, reflecting the personality of the author.
4. Humor must be used with great care. Sarcasm and brashness can annoy the reader.
5. Reflection of personal experience, memories and impressions is a great way to confirm your point of view and the reader's convictions.
6. It is necessary to stick to the theme and the main idea, without deviating from it and without describing unnecessary details.
7. Having finished the essay, you should re-read it, making sure that the logic of the presentation is maintained throughout the story.
8. The use of facts and research results in an essay is a great option to give credibility.

Common mistakes when writing an essay

Knowing the most common mistakes will help you avoid them when writing your own essay.

Mistake 1. The fear of being misunderstood or not making the right impression contributes to the fact that the author removes everything superfluous, outstanding from the essay. Due to this, the essay can lose its individuality and originality.

Error 2. Lack of detail work. A common mistake is the presence of a statement that is not supported by a sufficient number of arguments in the form of examples and evidence.

Mistake 3. Misunderstanding of the essence of the problem stated in the essay or incorrect interpretation of the topic.

Mistake 4. Enumeration of other people's opinions, without indicating their authorship and the absence of their own point of view.

Download Sample Essay

How to write an essay - all the rules from "A" to "Z" updated: February 15, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru

the brightest and most talented stroke in the paintings of great artists, the most hard-won word in the works of writers, it is just a light that illuminates the faces of ordinary people. I believe that mercy has two meanings for a person in life: the first is ennobling your soul and helping other people overcome the loneliness and cold of life, and the second is accelerating the process of destruction of a person who is devoid of mercy

Arguments: Songs and epics, fairy tales and stories, stories and novels of Russian writers teach us kindness, mercy and compassion. And how many proverbs and sayings have been created! Remember good, but forget evil, A good deed lives for two centuries, As long as you live, you do good, only the path of good is the salvation of the soul, says folk wisdom. Truly merciful and compassionate people are the heroes of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Mercy and compassion play a significant role in the novel. They build the relationship of almost all the characters: Raskolnikov and Sonya, Raskolnikov and Dunya, Raskolnikov and the Marmeladov family, Pulhiria Alexandrovna and Raskolnikov, Sonya and the Marmeladovs, Sonya and Dunya. Moreover, mercy and compassion in these relations were manifested from both sides.

Conclusion: Yes, life is hard. Some in the process of life's trials were lost among vices and evil. But the main thing is that among the vulgarity, dirt and depravity, people were able to preserve, perhaps, the most important human qualities - mercy and compassion.

67. Selfishness, lack of compassion (according to B. Vasiliev)

It is impossible to imagine our world without a sympathetic, lively attitude towards each other. People are always in great need of someone's compassion and understanding. But, unfortunately, we do not often think about it.

In this text, B. Vasiliev raises the problem of selfishness, the lack of compassion in some people. In my opinion, it is quite relevant. This moral problem forces the reader to think deeply about his behavior. The author talks about children who, in order to create a museum, took away the most precious thing from their mother - letters about their son who died at the front.

The position of the author of the text is clear. B. Vasiliev believes that people sometimes do not think at all about the pain that their rash act can bring to others. So for the mother, after the letters were taken from her, the son "faded away, died, died a second time, and now forever."

This problem is reflected in the story of I. Turgenev "Mumu". Janitor Gerasim picked up the puppy. He loved him very much, looked after him, fed him, cared for him. Mumu became the only joy in the life of a dumb janitor. But the lady did not like the puppy, and therefore Gerasim was forced to drown Mumu. It is impossible to convey in words his state after such an act. Because of the whim of the mistress, he lost his only friend.

The literary critic and public figure D.S. Likhachev addressed this problem. In one of his letters, he says that in our time, unfortunately, there are more and more callous and soulless people, incapable of pity, compassion for others, who cared only about themselves.

Thus, we come to the following conclusion: people should treat each other with understanding and compassion.

68. Callous and soulless attitude towards a person

Comments on the problem: Callousness, heartlessness, how often do we hear these words. These concepts have merged into one with our lives - it's scary. When you fall on the street, no one will help, even come. But this is not an indicator, we must fight against the indifference of society.

Own position and argumentation: The callousness of the soul is the most terrible disease in the world. A.P. Chekhov said: "Hurry to do good." If at first we simply do not pay attention to someone else's grief, drown out the voice of our own conscience, convincing ourselves that we will catch up later, but for now there are many worries without that, then by doing so we will kill the most valuable quality in ourselves - the ability to do good. This coarsens our heart, covers it with an impenetrable crust, through which pleas for help will no longer break through. After the loss of kindness comes the inevitable loss of morality. Such a person is capable of anything. It is necessary to fight against this, to prevent the degeneration of a person, and it is not surprising that a very large part of the works of modern writers is devoted to this topic. The authors urge us to be kinder and more cordial to each other, remembering the history, the lessons of the past war. One of these authors was V. Shukshin. So, for example, the hero of the work "Such a guy lives ..." strikes with spontaneity and kindness. G. Shcherbakova's story "You never even dreamed of" shows an incorrect understanding of morality by adults. Their insensitive attitude towards the souls of those who love led to tragedy.

Conclusion: Morality and kindness are great forces, and one must properly understand them. Good educates and exalts a person, anger and indifference humiliate him. "If you are indifferent to the suffering of others, you do not deserve the title of a man," said Saadi. How much brighter and better our world will become when dryness, callousness, and indifference finally leave us.

69. The problem of the ugly and beautiful in life (according to V. Soloukhin)

IN our time is getting harder for people to feel something beautiful in this world. Everyone wants to see only beauty without any flaws, but, unfortunately, not everyone succeeds.

IN In the text proposed for analysis, V. Soloukhin touches on the problem of the ugly and the beautiful in life. The author asks the question: how important is the concept of beauty for us?

The question of the problem of beauty cannot leave anyone indifferent, it concerns each of us to a greater or lesser extent. I will give an example of a situation from ordinary life: a beautiful car with a dirty hood or an intelligent person swearing obscene language. V. Soloukhin believes that phenomena of this kind are in no way compatible.

According to V. Soloukhin, the beautiful cannot be combined with the ugly.

I I completely agree with the author of this text that the beautiful should not coexist with the unsightly.

This problem is especially acute in the work "Dead Souls". In this poem, Chichikov leads a two-faced life. He is courteous to his teacher, polite, even waiting for him after school to bring him his coat. But in the end, when his teacher was left in poverty, he did not even bother to find out about his health, but simply handed him a nickel so that he would not die of hunger. Thus, we are presented with a situation of low deed with ostentatious virtue.

Another example is a recent incident that occurred on central television. Well-known journalist who has written many political articles about Russia and

foreign countries, was publicly declared unemployed. Due to the fact that he spoke in a rude and harsh form about those who were hated by him in his blog.

In conclusion, I would like to say that, probably, a person will not soon be able to understand what is beautiful and what is not.

70. The problem of gratitude (according to I. Ilyin)

What is real gratitude? It is on this important problem that the well-known Russian literary critic and publicist reflects.

The problem put forward by I. Ilyin cannot leave anyone indifferent, it concerns each of us to a greater or lesser extent, because every person in his life experiences a feeling of gratitude in response to "the beneficence rendered to him."

This problem worried many great Russian writers, in particular I.A. Goncharova. In his work "Oblomov", the famous Russian writer shows the reader the power that gratitude has, under its influence a person is capable of much. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a young man who has lost interest in life: he spends all his time at home, does not go out, cannot do anything without the help of servants. However, he has a friend who is trying in every possible way to bring him back to life. Stolz never forgets a friend, visits him, tries to bring him into the light. And it seems that he managed to return interest in life to his friend, but this is not entirely true. Ilya Ilyich, only out of a feeling of great gratitude, gets out of bed and joins the life of the capital, he even falls in love. Oblomov wants to please his friend, to return kindness for kindness. That is true gratitude.

Unfortunately, today many people often forget about the bright feeling to which I. Ilyin dedicated his article. It can be seen that the younger generation treats such a holiday as Victory Day with disdain. They forget the great efforts and deeds that veterans have done. But we should be grateful to them, because thanks to them we live now in this world.

Thus, I came to the conclusion that true gratitude is a bright feeling that makes everyone free and happy.

School is a great time, and graduation is an even more joyful moment for many students. Only one thing upsets me - passing exams, whether it is 9th or 11th grade. But if passing the GIA in grade 9 is not so difficult, then the exam in grade 11 is much more difficult. Each student chooses additional subjects necessary for further admission. But do not forget about the mandatory exams - the Russian language and mathematics.

Special attention should be paid to the Russian language, since it is not so easy to pass this subject. It is necessary not only to have good knowledge of the subject, but also not to forget about the intricacies of the tasks. Let's figure out how to write an essay in Russian. The exam must include this task.

Essay Topics

It is known that the Russian language exam consists of 25 tasks, of which 24 are test tasks, and the 25th is an essay.

The topics of essays in the Russian language (the USE involves writing it according to the text proposed in the test) are generally unknown, however, studies of assignments from past years have shown that there are several main directions for the 25th assignment.

Theme of morality, love and culture

In this direction, excerpts from novels, short stories, novels that affect relationships between people can be offered. In this case, the student must understand the concepts of “good” and “evil”, understand what the moral qualities and morality of a person are.

And, of course, the theme of love. They have not ceased to argue, reason and philosophize about this concept for centuries, therefore it is impossible to give exact advice on writing an essay on this topic. But you should not be afraid of this direction. You need to remember that kindness, friendship, mutual assistance, respect are all components of love. Guided by these concepts, the examiner will definitely cope with the task.

Culture and art is the next direction. Essay examples (USE in the Russian language) show that this topic covers a wide variety of areas of human life. The student needs to know what role art plays in the life of the individual and society as a whole.

Misunderstanding of generations, tragedy of war

War. This direction is often found in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. In order to cope with this work, the student must have a minimum knowledge of the history of our country. Understand what tragedy people experienced during the Great Patriotic War and other equally terrible military events.

"Fathers and sons" - this is how the next direction can be called. It includes the problems of relationships between the older and younger generations. In order to correctly highlight the problem in the text of this direction, the examinee must understand the difference between the opinions of people of different ages, and the ability to put themselves in the shoes of adults and evaluate their actions and the heights of their experience will also help the student.

Essay structure

The next thing you need to study when considering essay examples (USE in Russian) is the structure of building your work. Successful writing of the assignment largely depends on this.

Obviously, for this exam, more than for any other subject, the correct structure of the essay is important. The USE in the Russian language involves the ability to logically build and coordinate work. Therefore, this point should be given a lot of attention. The text can be divided into the following parts:

1. Introduction.
2. Identification of the problem.
3. Problem disclosure.
4. Author's view.
5. Your personal opinion.
6. 2 arguments.
7. Conclusion.

This is how the essay plan looks like (USE in the Russian language). Let's consider each of its points in detail.

Introduction

It should be remembered that the introduction should not be too long. 2-4 sentences are enough to set the main idea of ​​your work.

How to start an essay in Russian? The exam is a format that allows you to write an introduction in different ways. You can put the beginning in the form of a question. Eg : What is war? This is a heavy burden not only for the state, but for the whole people.”.

You can also start the essay with your personal reasoning on the subject of the text. Eg: “Misunderstandings between seniors and juniors have always existed. Adults could not understand the act of the child and offend him, children disobey their parents, not understanding their good intentions. And it is very difficult, growing up, to understand both adults and children at the same time.

Also, if you can use a quote from an author, philosopher, or playwright, that would be a good introduction.

After you figured out how to start an essay in Russian, the exam and the work itself will not seem as difficult as at first glance.

Issues

Further, the composition plan (USE in the Russian language) involves a description of the problem. This can be difficult. In order to identify the problem, the following algorithm must be observed:

1. Determine the main idea of ​​the text.
2. Identify the direction and theme of the essay.
3. Evaluate the interaction of characters and draw a conclusion from the text.

After going through these three points, you will gather enough information to identify the problem. There are no strict limits on the length of the description of the problem, but 4-5 sentences will be enough. For example: "This text addresses the problem that many names of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are forgotten, although we remember their exploits."

Author's view

If you use an essay template (USE in Russian), then the next step is to describe the author's opinion. That is, this is his personal attitude to the issues raised. Of course, you must understand that the essay format (USE in Russian) is not mandatory. The student can change places, but it is necessary to adhere to the structure.

Problems rarely arise in this part, since the examinee is only required to briefly express the author's attitude to the problem being described. Often it can be expressed in the text itself, so the use of quotes is allowed.

Personal opinion and reasoning

Up to this point, we have actively used essay examples (USE in Russian), which you can use in your preparation for the exam. However, at the stage of describing a personal opinion, they will not help much.

In this part, the structure of the essay (USE in the Russian language) involves the student expressing his personal view of the problem. You can agree with the author or, conversely, have the opposite opinion. But most importantly - you must properly argue it.

Paying attention to the essay template (USE in the Russian language), you should separately study the point of argumentation. It requires at least two arguments, one of which must be taken from fiction. The second can come from the media, history, life, or fiction.

What works can be used for argumentation?

1. Of course, the most "filled" with events, themes and individual areas of work is "War and Peace". In this novel, you can find arguments for absolutely any direction of your writing. There is also the theme of love, friendship, morality, war, etc. Therefore, if you know this work well and have read it in its entirety, you definitely will not have problems with this.
2. The next example, in which one can find enough arguments, is "Eugene Onegin". This work is a good "collection" for arguments in the direction of love, enmity and friendship, mistakes and defeats, etc.
3. And another work that can be included in this trio is Quiet Flows the Don. This novel fully reveals the theme of the tragedies of war, touches on the difficult relationship between generations, clearly expresses the bitterness and joy of friendship and, of course, includes complex relationships between the characters, among which love ones are not excluded. Therefore, this work is recommended for reading before writing an essay.

Examples

What examples of essays (USE in the Russian language) can be given in this case? It all depends on the specific topic of your essay. Assume conditionally that the theme of the work is the proposition: "Love and reason cannot interact together."

By expressing your opinion, you can both agree with this point of view and refute it. Example: “Indeed, when a person loves, he can rarely submit to the will of the mind if the heart does not want it. Tatyana in the novel "Eugene Onegin" can serve as proof of this. The girl, hopelessly in love with young Yevgeny, writes him a letter of confession, although, seeing the character of a selfish young man, she had to think more than once about the need for her act. Later, this decision turned out to be a tragedy for the girl.

But, surprisingly, in the same work we can find an opposite argument to this judgment. “In my opinion, both love and reason can exist together. A sad example of this is Eugene Onegin in the novel of the same name. Already at the end of the work, the young man realizes all his mistakes in relation to Tatyana, who was very much in love with Eugene. A few years later, Onegin still understands that he is in love with a girl. He struggles with this feeling, but still gives up and confesses everything to Tatyana. But the girl refuses. Eugene in this case is an example of how the mind and feelings can interact.

Conclusion

The outcome of your essay may be different. Your task is to simply draw a conclusion on the work done. Eg: "Culture plays a huge role in human life, and we must protect it, both materially and spiritually."

The main thing is that your thought should be final and reflect the essence of your essay. Well, after that, it remains only to wait for the results of your work. If you have taken into account all the criteria and listened to the advice described in the article, then you should fully understand how to write an essay in Russian. The exam is not scary, be sure: your work is worthy of a high score.

How to write an essay in Russian?

It's no secret that the most difficult part of the exam in the Russian language is part "C", essay writing according to the original text. If you complete all of Part A and Part B correctly without starting the essay, then your test score will be no higher than 60.
How to prepare for writing an essay and get the maximum score?

The essay should be written according to the plan:

I. Introduction.
How to start an essay:
● Quote from the original text (oranother source) related to the problem under consideration.
After reading the text by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, I involuntarily recalled the famous phrase of Socrates: “Speak so that I can see you,” since the author focuses on the problem of speech as a reflection of a person’s personality.
"Is it possible to imagine a modern world devoid of a printed sign?" - Yuri Bondarev writes, inviting his readers to reflect on the problem of the meaning of the book in the life of man and society.
● a rhetorical question(a question that does not require an answer).
Why are wars needed? Why can't humanity learn from the past?
● problematic issue.
Can a computer replace a book?
● typical situation(similar to that shown in the text).
It often happens that…
● general information about the problem under discussion.
The development of human civilization has long crossed the line beyond which the harmonious coexistence of nature and man remains. Today, when water and air are polluted, rivers dry up, forests disappear, animals die, people look to the future with anxiety and increasingly think about the tragic consequences of their activities. V. Peskov's text is also devoted to the problem of ecology...
● reference to an authoritative opinion on an issue related to the issue under discussion.
Psychologists say that television addiction is a real disease for many members of modern society. Indeed, it is difficult for each of us to imagine our life without TV. What role does television play in human life? What brings TV to our home - good or bad? V. Soloukhin thinks about this problem.
● creating a certain emotional state.
Childhood impressions are probably one of the most precious and significant memories in human life. The places with which the formation of personality is connected remain forever in the memory, and more than once we mentally return to this world, painted with bright colors. What role does the memory of one's home, one's homeland play in a person's life? The author of this text reflects on this problem.
● reference to the facts of the author's biography, his views, beliefs.
Likhachev, a literary critic and public figure, in his speeches and journalistic works always stated that spiritual and material culture is the highest value of life. The above text touches on the problem put forward precisely - the problem of the ecology of culture.

Do not start your essay with the following expressions:
This text says...
The author of this text addressed the problem ...
This text is about...
The article by L. Dolinina tells…
In his text, the author ...
The problem ... is the main question that is raised in the text.

In any case, the introduction should not be very voluminous (2-3 sentences), it should be organically connected with the content of the main part in meaning and stylistically. It is important to remember that the main purpose of entry is lead to a problem statement .

II. Problem formulation:
The word "problem" (or "question") must be heard in the text. Moreover, one should not confuse the problem with the author's position on this problem. The problem is formulated either as a question, or by combining the word "problem" with a noun in the genitive case (for example, the problem of loneliness). You need to be careful when identifying the problem of the text. An incorrectly highlighted problem jeopardizes the content of the entire essay!
When defining a problem, you should think about how the content of the text concerns you, other people, and all of humanity. Remember that the specific situation described in the text is an illustration, a special case considered by the author. Therefore, formulate the problem in such a way that it covers not only the case considered in the text, but also many similar situations.
If you think you've got the problem, but don't know if it's the only one in the text, then don't risk it. Just write:
● The text raises many issues, one of which is the issue of…;
● The author makes you think about many problems, one of which is the problem ...

It is very advantageous to define the problem with rhetorical question, For example:
What is true friendship? What kind of friends can be called real? NN (author's full name) reflects on these questions in his essay (story, text, etc.).

You can use the following speech cliches:
The author raises the issue...
The author raises an important issue...
The author of the text reflects on the problem ...
The text raises a problem...
The problem the author addresses is that...
The text got me thinking...
The problem that worries all of us... is raised by the writer D. Granin.
I think the problem posed by the author is...
The problem ... cannot but excite modern man. V. Tendryakov also thought about it.
The problem pointed out by such and such an author is as follows: ...
What's happened...? (What is ...? What role does ... play in a person's life?) The author raises this important problem.
Why do people love? Does love make people happy? These difficult questions are discussed by the author / writer, etc.

The problem considered by the author may be:
up-to-date
socially significant
Deep
philosophical
political
Moral
topical
burning
up-to-date
Urgent
acute
Important
serious
controversial
Painful, etc.

Examples problem statements:
1. Role (of something or someone) in a person's life.
2. The problem of influence (something or someone) on a person.
3. The problem of purpose (something or someone).
4. The problem (of something or someone) in our country.
5. The problem of displacement (of something) (of something).
6. The problem of relationships between generations ("fathers and children").
7. The problem of memory (about someone or something).
8. The problem of moral choice.
9. The problem of a humane attitude towards people in need of help.
10. The problem of human responsiveness, mutual assistance.
11. The problem of moral duty.
12. The problem of protection and conservation of nature.
13. The problem of the preservation and development of the Russian language.
14. The problem of servility and obsequiousness.
15. The problem of family (kindred) relations.
16. The problem of historical memory.
17. The problem of commercialization of culture.

III. Comment to the problem.
Verb comment means "explain, explain". Neither a retelling nor a continuous quotation will pass here. You need to reflect on some questions related to the read text:
how much topical what the author writes about and why;
to whom and in what situations faced with a similar problem;
if possible, touch " background”, i.e. briefly tell about how this problem was considered, other authors tried to solve it;
is there any on this issue different point of view, which does not match the author's;
which material Does the author address this issue? ( “The author reveals the problem with an example…”)
what the author refers to Special attention? (“the author pays special attention to ..”, “it is no coincidence that the author ...”).
Linking the comment to the text is MANDATORY
The following is important:
● if we say what the characters do is a retelling, which is NOT valid in a comment.
● if we say what the author does is already a comment.

Try to convey the content of the text, but remember that you are not writing a presentation, but an essay, so try to convey the author's ideas in your own words; you can use individual quotes, but don't get carried away with them. Feel how the author is trying to lead us to understand his main idea (to the author's position).
Please note that you need to comment on the problem reflected in the text, and not just the text and its topics, and not just the problem in isolation from the text.

Cliche:
“Thinking about the topical at all times (relevant especially in our time, topical, philosophical, deep, main, socially significant, eternal, important, universal) the author refers to the facts from his life (tells a story, uses examples from classical literature, gives statements such and such, etc.)
The relevance of the problem raised by the author is undoubted, because ...
The problem raised by the author of the text is no doubt complex and serious, because ...
The severity and significance of this problem is not in doubt, because ...
The relevance of the problem posed by the author of the text is confirmed by the fact that, despite numerous attempts to solve it, it still worries writers, publicists and, of course, us readers...
The moral problem raised is relevant, topical, because ...
The topic raised by the author has not lost its relevance in our days, because ...
... - the topic of the author's reasoning. Its relevance is obvious, because even today ...
The question of ... (we designate the problem in other words than it was in the first paragraph) cannot leave anyone indifferent, it concerns each of us to a greater or lesser extent. (We explain why)
The problem put forward (raised, identified, etc.) (indicate the author) is especially relevant (topical, important, significant) today, because ...
The narrator does not discuss the issue he raised in a detached way, his interest in what he writes about is felt. (Referring to the text, we explain how this manifests itself).
Arguing over the problem ..., (indicate the author) addresses ... (indicate on what material the author considers the problem: maybe these are memories, dialogues, artistic narration, an excited monologue, quoting the thoughts of great people, reasoning, describing pictures of nature and etc.). (We transmit the content of the text, not the retelling).

You can write a comment using the following pattern:
The problem put forward (raised, designated, etc.) by NN (indicate the author) is especially relevant (topical, important, essential) today, because ... (if this is a moral problem, then indicate that moral issues are important today and always, since the concepts of "conscience", "honor", "dignity", i.e. those moral categories that the author discusses, help a person to remain a person, make him kinder, cleaner. If the problem is philosophical, that is, speech is about good and evil, truth and lies, life and death, note that humanity has been thinking about such a problem for a long time.If the problem is environmental, note its topicality in our days, when people pollute the planet, when it comes to global global climate change). The narrator does not discuss the issue raised by him in a detached way, his interest in what he writes about is felt. His attitude to the important issue of being is felt in an excited, emotional manner of writing (give examples), in an effort to make the reader his like-minded person. Arguing over (repeat the problem), NN addresses (indicate on what material the author considers the problem: maybe these are memories, dialogues, artistic narration, an excited monologue, quoting the thoughts of great people, reasoning, describing pictures of nature, etc.).

IV. Author's point of view.
Author's position- this is the conclusion that the author comes to, thinking about a problem.
If the problem of the text is formulated as a question, then the position of the author is the answer to the question posed in the text. In order to identify the position of the author, try to answer the following questions: “What did the author want to tell his readers when creating the text?”, “How does the author evaluate the specific situation described, the actions of the characters?”
The author's position may be explicit when the text gives a direct assessment of the described facts, events, there is an appeal to the reader. But it often happens that the position of the author is not directly expressed. Then its detection requires the ability to see hidden meaning, understand irony, reveal complex metaphors, etc.
Another difficulty lies in distinguishing between the position of the author and the hero-narrator. Note that if the hero commits bad deeds or expresses thoughts that contradict generally accepted moral standards, then the author most likely does not approve of such a hero and his attitude to life.

if the story is told in 1st person:
The author believes that...
The position of the author is...
The author seeks to convey to the reader the idea that ...
The author assures us that...
The main idea of ​​the text is that...
The author proves that...
The position of the author is that...
According to the author, ... (From the position of the author, ...; From the point of view of the author, ...)
The text argues that...
The author's position is best, in my opinion, characterized by the words: "..."
The author's point of view, it seems to me, is expressed quite clearly. It consists in the following: (if the text is journalistic, then the author's position is the answer to the question posed by the author himself. Then you can quote that part of the text in which, in your opinion, the author's position is clearly defined).

Options for writing the author's point of view, unless the narration is in 1st person:
Although the author's point of view is not expressed explicitly, the logic of the text convinces us that ...
Although the author's point of view is not expressed explicitly, the emotional coloring of the text convinces us that ...
The author does not express his point of view explicitly, but we understand that ...
It is rather difficult for me to identify the author's point of view, since the text is fictional, NN does not give a ready-made solution to the question of what ... It forces the reader to independently draw a conclusion, find solutions to the problem. And yet, observing how the author treats his characters, with what visual and expressive means he paints a picture of reality (if you write about these means, be sure to name them, refer to the review, to task B8, but only if you are sure of the correctness decision), I will allow myself to assume that the author's position is as follows: ...

Commenting on the author's position, you can use the following turnovers:
Author:
dedicates his article;
polemically sharpens the problem;
emotionally affects the reader;
makes the reader his ally;
figuratively recreates a picture of what is happening (depicted);
reveals the essence of the problems posed;
accurately formulates a thought;
makes the reader think about the problem;
shows the topicality of the problem he is considering;
tries to find the causes of negative (positive) phenomena;
convinces the reader of the correctness of his position;
tries to find a like-minded person in the reader;
raises a number of moral questions requiring immediate resolution;
writes interesting and new about old problems;
speaks with anxiety about urgent problems;
openly declares his civic position in relation to ...

You can also use the following speech clichés:

V. Agreement/disagreement with the author and argumentation.
The purpose of argumentation is to convince, strengthen or change an opinion.. Expressing your own opinion, it is not enough just to express agreement or disagreement with the author, that is, it is unacceptable to write "I agree / disagree with the author because he writes about ... (believes that ...)". After all, you are not writing about the reason for your agreement / disagreement with the author, but you are picking up arguments in defense / against the author's position. And the arguments must prove something.
First, agreement or disagreement with the author's point of view is written, and then two arguments must be given (1 from literature and 1 from life experience or 2 from literature), the third one does not count.
A typical mistake of all essay writers is that if you support the position of the author, then there is no point in analyzing his arguments. You should try not to repeat the author's arguments used in the text, but bring your own.
When arguing your point of view, you must imagine that you are proving your point of view to an opponent who is aggressively opposed to it. If in your mind you convince him, then obviously the arguments are appropriate.

Speech clichés to argue your own position:
To agree / disagree with the position of the author:
It is impossible not to agree with the author's point of view on the problem...
I share (do not share) the author's point of view on the problem ...
I hold (do not hold) the same opinion on the problem ... as the author.
I agree (disagree) with the author that...
It is difficult (impossible) to disagree with the author of the text that ...
The position of the author is close to me in that ...
The position of the author seems convincing to me, because ...
The author is right that ... However, it is difficult to agree that ...
One cannot but agree with the author that ...
It seems controversial the author's idea that ...
The text (name of the author) aroused conflicting feelings in me. On the one hand on the other hand…
It is difficult to disagree with the author of the article. Indeed, such examples ...
I want to support the author's point of view that ...
I can't agree with the author's point of view because...
With all due respect to the author's point of view (or NN's thoughts about ...), I still allow myself to express my own vision of this problem (or I will try to refute his opinion).

Using life experience:
Despite my rather modest life experience, I remember a similar situation when I (my friend, classmate, acquaintance) ...
I remember once my mother (father, grandmother, friend, acquaintance, etc.) told how ...
It seems to me that this case convinces us that ...
Of course, my life experience is still very small, but, nevertheless, something similar happened in my life:
How often do you encounter...
Haven't things like... become commonplace (the norm of life)?
Who among us has not observed (did not encounter; did not notice (behind himself); did not witness) how ...
Unfortunately, often these days (among us; around us) ...
Eminent civil rights activist Martin Luther King taught that…
A brilliant Russian scientist once said that...;
Even Peter 1 said that ...;
Any historian will tell you that...;
Most doctors believe that ...;
As established by Japanese scientists...etc.
The topic is often discussed (discussed) on the Internet (on the pages of newspapers and magazines; in various TV programs) ...
It is also noteworthy that (it is no coincidence) that numerous articles and TV shows are devoted to this topic ...

From reading experience:
This problem worried many great Russian writers, in particular...
This problem is especially acute in the works of...
The topicality of the topic raised by the author is also proved by the fact that Russian writers turned to it in their works.

VI. Conclusion:
In the final part, you need to sum up what has been said, to make a generalization, to conclude. Like the introduction, the conclusion should be organically connected with the main text.

Here are the different ways to draw up a conclusion:
1. Generalization of the main thoughts of the author- the most typical and logical ending of the essay.
Thus, A. Likhanov raises a problem that is important for each of us, calls to keep childhood in the soul, not to leave in the past a joyful, childishly direct perception of life. But the world around is truly beautiful. Simply, growing up, people often forget about it.
2. Interrogative sentence, including a rhetorical question, at the end of the essay also returns the reader to the problem of the text, emphasizing its relevance.
Fiction gives us countless treasures of the human spirit! Does any of us have the right to refuse this priceless gift?
3. An appeal to the reader.
So, before you turn on the TV and plunge into a wonderful, but not real world, think about whether there are people around you who need comfort, help, just a kind living word. Remember: you are surrounded by a true world, full of sounds, colors, sensations. Think: who do you want to be - the creator of your life or just a spectator?
4. Quote usage. Not every quote will be appropriate in the conclusion. It should be a statement that fully expresses the thoughts of the author. It is appropriate to use a small fragment that contains the key words of the text, or a quote from another source that accurately reflects the position of the author of the original text.
In conclusion, I want to turn again to the thought of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. So, talk to me, my new interlocutor, so that I can see you, so that I understand what kind of person you are and what I should expect from you!

Speech clichés for conclusion:
Thus, based on the above, we can conclude ...
Summing up, I would like to say...
The essence of the above boils down to the following ...
Based on the text you read, you can conclude ...
Summarizing what has been said, we can say that ... It follows from this that ...
I am sincerely grateful to the author of the text, because he made me think about the fact that ...
This text once again convinced me that ...
In conclusion, I must say that the efforts of the author were not in vain - they awakened in my soul the desire to better understand the problem ...
This text made me think even more deeply about the problem..., overestimate its importance in our life...

And, finally, we will give some useful tips needed when writing an essay:
1. Be careful when defining the genre of the text: do not rush to call it a "story" or "article", as you may make a factual error. It's better to use words text, fragment, excerpt .
2. If you use the author's neologism, be sure to enclose it in quotation marks, otherwise this word will look like a grammatical error in your text.
3. Be ethical: do not use rude, abusive, slang words (I don't understand how one can fall for such nonsense, etc.), refrain from insults ( I can cite as an example my classmate, who is distinguished by rare stupidity), do not be overly categorical, arrogant, do not brag. Remember that ethical correctness is assessed separately by an expert.
4. Write an essay neat, legible handwriting and only black gel paste. Experts check scanned copies of works. Text written with a ballpoint pen is lost when scanning.
5. If you don't have time to write an essay on a draft - write directly on the form. At the same time, you can correct, cross out words and sentences, because there are no evaluation criteria for the "beauty" of the written text.
6. All parts of the work must be interconnected flow smoothly from one to the other. Each part should start on a new line. The lack of links between paragraphs is a typical shortcoming in essays, for which points are taken off. In addition, typical errors include deviations from the topic, disproportion of parts, violation of the sequence of presentation of thoughts, lack of connection between sentences.
7. You can write on the worksheets! Do not believe the examiners who claim otherwise!!! Therefore, if necessary, underline key words and thoughts in the text.
8. The author of the text can be called differently: article author, writer (publicist), narrator, great master of the word, outstanding writer (publicist), word artist.

So, follow the essay writing plan, use speech clichés wisely - and you will write an essay for 23 out of 23 points.