Growing seedlings at home before transplanting them into open ground - good way get big harvest especially in areas where summer is short. But first you need to plant the seeds correctly. Seeds of leeks, onions and celery can be sown in seedling boxes after pre-soaking. But the seeds of tomatoes, eggplant and bell pepper are recommended to germinate first. To do this, they must be placed between layers of damp cloth at a temperature of 25 to ...
First of all, the plants in the garden should be placed so that they do not obscure each other and at the same time use the area with greater benefit. For heat-loving and early ripening vegetables, the warmest places protected from the north are assigned. From year to year, crops are rotated, which allows better use of nutrients from the soil and fertilizers, and facilitates the fight against weeds, diseases and pests. It is only necessary to take into account that related plants (for example, cabbage and radish, tomato ...
Missing your garden? Spring is coming, it's time to start preparing without haste for caring for the backyard. We take care of the yard. Cleaning the site should begin when the water left after the snow melts, and the plants will not be in liquid mud. With a rake, clear the ground of dried grass, broken branches and debris caused by winter winds and snow. Let the air and sunlight dry the area, this will speed up the germination of the grass. If there is a need to sow...
Most gardeners associate the spring period with preparatory work on their summer cottages, and this period begins precisely with the arrival of spring, from its first months. And so main task at the preparatory stage is the retention of melt water on the site. And this can be done as follows, for a start it is worth scattering snow under the crowns of shrubs and trees, you can also throw snow on the beds with raspberries and strawberries. This will free you...
Not many gardeners can boast of a really solid harvest, without the use of chemistry, of course! Often the reasons are laziness or lack of human strength. When there is not enough human strength, it is not so easy to keep track of almost all cultures, since on each garden plot there is always enough work. But if you invest so much effort, and the result is still not pleasing, you should use the usual rules that must be followed. The first thing to do...
After winter, it is necessary to organize proper lawn care in the country. Spring fertilization of lawns is carried out, and the fight against the formed moss on lawns is carried out. Fertilize lawns in early spring (April). Proper lawn care after the winter in the country is associated primarily with the presence of moss on them. In early spring, at the dacha, a cover of snow may still lie in early April. Then fertilize the lawns in the country with previously purchased fertilizers containing concentrated nitrogen, scattering them from above - ...
The soil is ripe and it's time for sowing! Sowing seeds, of course, is troublesome and requires certain knowledge. But even a novice gardener, if he adheres to the basic rules for sowing and cultivating vegetables, will surely be able to enjoy fresh natural vegetables from his own garden. Here are some recommendations from professional farmers. Before sowing, do not rush to dig up the entire plot at once, otherwise the earth will dry out. First prepare one bed, sow it, then proceed to the next. If the soil is not...
The most important and sacred rule of a real summer resident is the painstaking planning of literally every square meter of his site. To do this, of course, you need a workbook, where the relevant information will be diligently entered. A smart summer resident takes not quantity, but quality. He will never plant an extra bush and knows in advance what kind of crop he will harvest this year. An experienced gardener, like an engineer, designs his work and is not afraid of either drought, or hail, or heavy rains, ...
Marigold Not only beautiful flower, it is an excellent protector of garden plants from pests. It has very strong phytoncidal properties, inhibits many soil pests and heals the soil. That is why it is very useful to plant it throughout the site to repel pests.
According to many experts, even the "ubiquitous" Colorado potato beetle dislikes marigolds. Therefore, if the potato plot is “fenced” with marigolds and every 7-8 rows of potatoes plant a strip of undersized tagetes, then this will not be to the taste of the Colorado potato beetle.
Not to the liking of marigolds and for the nematode and wireworm. It has been established that marigolds growing in the garden completely suppress the development of the nematode at a distance of 60 cm. This is one of the amazing properties of marigolds. Therefore, in a garden with strawberries or in a potato plot, undersized varieties of marigolds should be planted more often in the soil. After that not only the nematode, but also the weevil will not encroach on your strawberries.
And in the fall, before frost, the plants are crushed and dug up along with the soil.
Marigolds are also used to control aphids. Marigolds planted near cucumber beds noticeably restrain aphid attacks. An infusion of marigolds is effective in combating diseases of asters and gillyflowers, it is widely used for bulb disinfection gladioli. And by planting marigolds near asters, you will save them from the black leg.
And heavily infected areas can generally be sown with marigolds, and after 60-70 days they can be planted in the soil and the garden bed left in this form for 25-30 days. Then any crop can be planted here.
In many cases, marigolds are also harmful to weeds. They successfully suppress creeping couch grass, horsetail and a number of other weeds. After marigolds, the soil is enriched and cleared of weeds.
However marigolds should be used in large quantities in garden plantings carefully, because they can act depressingly on growing nearby vegetable crops because marigolds release toxic substances. Especially they should not be planted next to legumes, because. both beans and peas react sharply negatively to such a neighborhood.
Other methods of soil disinfection
Greenhouse soils, greenhouse soils, as well as soils in individual gardens, as a result of many years of use, accumulate a large number of harmful microorganisms and pests. As a result, such soils become a source of many diseases of vegetable plants: clubroot and blackleg in cabbage, white rot of vegetables, root-knot nematodes, and others. How to disinfect the soil?
biological method.
The old earth, used for several years, is stacked in a pile with a height of I - 1.5 m, a width of about 3 m. Then the earth is interbedded with feces or slurry. If the soil is acidic, it is limed at the rate of 4 kg of lime per 1 cu. m of land. The earth is left in piles for 2-3 years. During this period, it is shoveled 1-2 times, the weeds that have appeared are removed. Weed seeds, harmful bacteria, and pests die in piles. But in order to get rid of the keel, white rot, it is necessary to keep the earth in piles for at least 4-5 years.
Thermal (thermal) disinfection.
It not only disinfects the soil, but also increases its fertility. The easiest way is to heat the damp soil on iron sheets or in the stove, stirring all the time. Apply it on a small amount of soil, for example for seedling boxes or pots. A small amount of soil can be treated with boiling water, but after that it must be dried for a long time, The best way- steam the soil for 30 - 60 minutes with steam at a temperature of about 100g. C. A steam boiler can serve as a source of steam.
Chemical disinfection.
As chemicals Chloropicrin, formalin and bleach are used. To disinfect the soil with chloropicrin, 60 g (36 cm) of chloropicrin is taken per 1 m of soil with a layer of 20 cm. Disinfection is carried out in the fall.
Formalin generally suitable for soil disinfection against blackleg pathogens. To do this, use pastor at the rate of 1 liter of 40% formalin per 100 liters of water. On I m soil take 20 - 25 liters of such a solution and evenly water the soil with it.
Bleaching powder
- a good tool for the destruction of pathogens of bacterial and fungal diseases in the soil. It is applied in dry form in the amount of 100-200 g per 1 m of soil (with a layer of 20 cm) and covered with a rake. Chloric lime, introduced into the soil shortly before sowing, inhibits plants. Therefore, it should be applied only in the fall.
1. Damaged bark can be healed by wrapping the trunk with plastic wrap. Its main advantage is that it transmits sunlight and heat well and thus creates favorable conditions for wound healing. With the help of a film, even trees gnawed by hares and mice in winter and seemingly doomed to death can be saved.
2. a good scarecrow for birds, shiny (mirror) Christmas toys - balls, beads, garlands made of glass or foil can become. Obviously, the reflected sun rays blind the eyes of the birds, so they try to get away from the dangerous place. Toys can be hung separately on stakes (pieces of pipes) or on sticks attached to tree branches (15–20 cm above the crown). Paint stakes and pipes with bright colors of red, orange, yellow. In sunny weather and with light wind, the repelling effect is much higher.
3. Plant an apple tree and a raspberry next to each other so that their branches are in contact. Raspberries will protect the apple tree from scab, and the raspberry apple tree from gray rot. On the contrary, plant apple and cherry trees away from each other. The roots of these plants act on each other depressingly.
4. Take advantage of the fact that wild apple trees bloom earlier cultivars. Plant a wild game in your garden, and as soon as it blooms, weevils and sawflies will attack it. Carefully treat the damaged tree by destroying them.
5. To attract beneficial insects (trichogramma lays its eggs in the eggs of the codling moth), mustard, dill, phacelia, and parsley are sown in orchards. The smell of tansy, wormwood repels codling moth butterflies, and gardeners even tie these plants to apple tree branches. But all butterflies cannot be destroyed by these methods, therefore, 15–20 days after the flowering of the apple tree, they are sprayed with bacterial preparations that cause intestinal diseases in born caterpillars - bitoxy-banillin or dendrobacillin (50–80 g per 10 l of water).
6. When you work a lot in the garden or garden, your hands are washed with difficulty, the skin becomes rough. There is a good way to clean your hands: take a pinch of superphosphate (preferably granular) and wash your hands with it in cold water. Then rinse them warm water with soap, dry thoroughly and smear with glycerin, petroleum jelly or nourishing hand cream. You can rub your hands and sorrel leaves and then wash.
7. Dig a deep groove on the garden plot along the paths and stick the bottles in a chain with their necks to each other at half their height strictly along the stretched cord. Get a beautiful durable side. They can also border a flower bed. You can stick a few empty bottles even along the edges of the beds so that the hose does not crush the plants during watering. Bottles can be taken substandard, which are not accepted.
8. Here's what you can do to protect fruit trees from pests. old tire from passenger car cut in half in a circle, get 2 rings. Cut them across in one place. They are placed under a tree so that the outer side is 1 cm higher than the soil, the inner one is at the level of the soil. Plain water is poured into the rings: water is an insurmountable obstacle for all crawling insects, including black ants. There is no need for trapping belts. In addition, it turns out an excellent drinking bowl for bees, wasps, small birds. If solutions of coniferous concentrate or wormwood or burdock are added to the rings, then this also repels flying insects. There is no need to use poisons.
9. Sometimes, when the fire does not want to flare up, firewood is doused with kerosene or, even more dangerous, with gasoline. But it is worth pouring a handful of ordinary table salt on coal or firewood, and the flame will begin to flare up.
10. Eggshell- Very valuable fertilizer containing, in addition to lime (calcium), which, as you know, lowers the acidity of the soil, microadditives of phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium. Experienced gardeners shells are collected, dried and passed through a meat grinder. The smaller the particles, the more effective their impact on the soil. Store shell powder in paper bags.
11. The tread from worn car tires makes good, almost eternal paths in the garden. It is necessary to cut off the sidewalls of the tires and cut the resulting ring. Remember to make a series of notches two-thirds deep on the inside of the tire to keep the tape from curling. The width and length of the track depends on the tire size, they can also be doubled to increase the width of the track. Tires with a diamond pattern from trucks are well suited.
12. It is more convenient to paint a chain-link fence together on both sides, touching with brushes. This reduces paint consumption and leaves no unpainted areas.
13. With cords cut from a stocking, you can securely tie everything that needs to be tied up. And large plants and trees - a whole stocking. Kapron does not rot, does not sag - it serves for years.
14. Paint the cuttings garden tools, especially small hoes, rakes, etc., in bright colors. Preferably with oil paint. Then you do not have to run around the site and look for where you forgot your chopper or shovel.
Potassium permanganate for carrots
In order not to attract a carrot fly when thinning carrots, you need to take a bucket of water and dilute 1 tablespoon of red or black ground pepper in it (enough for 10 sq.m). You do not need to insist, just sprinkle the carrots with infusion before thinning.
If you want to get a good clean carrot harvest (without any rot, infection, etc.), I advise you to definitely pour young plants with water (on a bucket) after the second thinning in early July with potassium permanganate diluted in it (3 g) and 2 - 3 g boric acid. A bucket is enough for 3 - 4 square meters. m. Repeat the same procedure a second time in 20 days. The carrot will be clean. Do not forget to just pour the carrots with plain water before watering the solution.
So that carrots do not grow horned, do not crack, thin them out, leaving a distance of at least 4-5 cm between plants.
Salt for beets
Beetroot is an unpretentious culture, but a few tips can be given. Many gardeners do not like large beets. If you want to get a smaller vegetable, plant not as usual plants at a distance of 8-10 cm in a row and 18-20 cm in aisles, but reduce the distance between rows to 10-12 cm. By the way, I do not recognize sowing beets directly into the ground, I plant it only through seedlings (I grow it in a greenhouse).
When I plant seedlings in the ground (June 5-6), I always pinch it by a third or a quarter. Thus, the forces of the plant go to the “head”, and not to the root.
Beets, unlike carrots, love ash. Therefore, a couple of times during the season, add ashes under the beets. This helps to neutralize the soil, because beets do not tolerate acidic soils. You can even sprinkle lime under the plants to deoxidize.
To make the beetroot sweet, pour it twice with salt water (a spoonful of salt per bucket of water). The first watering is carried out when the root crop is just beginning to round, then 25 to 30 days before harvest.
Tap on the tomatoes
Tomatoes are one of my favorite crops. I have been growing for two decades in the greenhouse the same proven varieties - "Titan" and "Peremoga". What advice do gardeners have these days? The greenhouse already has the first tier with tomatoes. So, be sure to tear off the leaf on the tomatoes before this first tier so that it does not take food from the fruit. You need to tear off the leaf as soon as small tomatoes appear - with a cherry, you don’t need to do this before: otherwise the ovaries will not be tied well.
These days, you need to properly feed the tomato with sodium humate - 10 g per 100 liters of water. Don't be afraid of sodium humate, it's organic fertilizer.
In greenhouses, tomatoes are worse tied, especially this hot summer. To speed up pollination, I advise you to knock on the stems of tomatoes, as I say to poke.
Very often, gardeners do not know which stepchildren to cut off and which to leave, and this is directly related to the harvest. I advise you to remember: you need to leave only the first stepchild, which will appear under (and not above) the first brush. Most gardeners do just the opposite and leave an upper, harmful stepchild that will bloom but not bear fruit. The remaining two trunks will allow you to form a bush (I sometimes form into 3 stems) with 4 - 5 tiers of tomatoes.
I also want to dwell on one important detail: watering. Remember: you need to water the tomatoes not under the bush, but in the aisles. Under the bush, I water the tomatoes while they are small, and by June 10 - 12, when the bushes are completely covered, abundant watering is only between the rows. Tomatoes love infrequent, but it is abundant watering (1 time in 7 - 8 days). Moreover, the top of the hillock must remain dry - in this way, air through dry soil enters the roots. You can even mulch the top with chopped straw. And let the moisture come to the roots from the aisles. I will explain why: when we water a bush under the root, the water washes the root and the earth lags behind it. The root system again has to work, expend energy to "suck" the soil. In the grooves, wet soil, on the contrary, presses on the roots, presses down on the ground.
feather arrow
Many gardeners complain that the daikon or black radish shoots quickly. This can be avoided by planting black radish no earlier than July 5-10, and daikon no earlier than July 25.
SHARED
Useful Tips from experienced gardeners. If you have your own garden, cottage, garden, then these useful tips are for you! There may be some nuances that can harm, you don’t know. It seems to be small things, but they can serve you well!
- Lilac, rose, fir, barberry and white locust can inhibit the growth of neighboring trees, especially pear and apple trees.
- If the site has a slope, then raspberries and others berry bushes it is not recommended to plant in its lower part. So you will ensure the outflow of cold air in the area.
- Growing potatoes in apple rows can lead to the accumulation of toxins in the soil. First of all, apple trees will suffer from this.
- The neighborhood of mountain ash with a pear has a positive effect on the growth and development of the latter.
- Carefully inspect the trees before the onset of summer. If damage is found after frost, whiten the bases and trunks.
- Geranium, planted next to raspberries and currants for the summer, repels aphids well.
- Having bought new seedlings, dip their roots in a mixture of clay and water, cover with a film or wrap in a cloth.
— Fruit trees should be planted during the dormant period: in the fall - after shedding the leaves and in the spring - before the buds appear. In the spring, it is recommended to do this when the earth has not yet warmed up.
- Frequent, but superficial watering is harmful to plants. The damp surface of the earth stops the access of oxygen to the roots of plants. As a result, the water does not reach the required depth, and the roots do not feed on moisture.
- Raspberries will take root well next to the apple tree. This arrangement protects the apple tree from scab, and raspberries will not suffer from powdery mildew.
- To make the seeds germinate faster, soak them in "living water". Such water is obtained after heating to 90-100C, followed by cooling in a closed vessel.
— Do not ignore even small wounds on the trees! Clean each with a knife and paint over with paint. Superficial shallow wounds can be painted over without cleaning.
- To get rid of the anthill, pour it with a solution of boric acid or boiling water, then put garlic cloves around the perimeter and sprinkle with salt.
- If on the area of the mouse, use special seeds in bags. In order not to accidentally poison spring birds, cover these bags with boards.
— Cherry gives good harvest if planted next to a cherry.
For carrots
In order not to attract a carrot fly when thinning carrots, you need to take a bucket of water and dilute 1 tablespoon of red or black ground pepper in it (enough for 10 sq.m). You do not need to insist, just sprinkle the carrots with infusion before thinning.
If you want to get a good clean carrot harvest (without any rot, infection, etc.), I advise you to pour young plants with water (on a bucket) after the second thinning in early July with potassium permanganate diluted in it (3 g) and 2-3 g of boric acids. A bucket is enough for 3 - 4 square meters. m. Repeat the same procedure a second time in 20 days. The carrot will be clean. Do not forget to just pour the carrots with plain water before watering the solution.
So that carrots do not grow horned, do not crack, thin them out, leaving a distance of at least 4-5 cm between plants.
For beets
Beetroot is an unpretentious culture, but a few tips can be given. Many gardeners do not like large beets. If you want to get a smaller vegetable, plant not as usual plants at a distance of 8-10 cm in a row and 18-20 cm in row spacing, but reduce the distance between rows to 10-12 cm. Sowing beets directly into the ground, through seedlings (grown in a greenhouse ) gives better results.
When I plant seedlings in the ground (June 5-6), I always pinch it by a third or a quarter. Thus, the forces of the plant go to the “head”, and not to the root.
Beets, unlike carrots, love ash. Therefore, a couple of times during the season, add ashes under the beets. This helps to neutralize the soil, because beets do not tolerate acidic soils.
You can even sprinkle lime under the plants to deoxidize.
To make the beetroot sweet, pour it twice with salt water (a spoonful of salt per bucket of water). The first watering is carried out when the root crop is just beginning to round, then 25 - 30 days before harvesting.
For tomatoes
The greenhouse already has the first tier with tomatoes. So, be sure to tear off the leaf on the tomatoes before this first tier so that it does not take food from the fruit. You need to tear off the leaf as soon as small tomatoes appear - with a cherry, you don’t need to do this before: otherwise the ovaries will not be tied well.
These days, you need to properly feed the tomato with sodium humate - 10 g per 100 liters of water. Do not be afraid of sodium humate, it is an organic fertilizer.
In greenhouses, tomatoes are worse tied, especially this hot summer. To speed up pollination, I advise you to knock on the stems of tomatoes, as I say to poke.
Very often, gardeners do not know which stepchildren to cut off and which to leave, and this is directly related to the harvest.
Tip to remember: you need to leave only the first stepson that appears under (and not above) the first brush. Most gardeners do just the opposite and leave an upper, harmful stepchild that will bloom but not bear fruit. The remaining two trunks will make it possible to form a bush (sometimes it can be formed into 3 stems) with 4-5 tiers of tomatoes.
Important detail: watering
Remember: you need to water the tomatoes not under the bush, but in the aisles. Under the bush, I water the tomatoes while they are small, and by June 10 - 12, when the bushes are completely crowded, abundant watering is only between the rows. Tomatoes love infrequent, but it is abundant watering (1 time in 7 - 8 days). Moreover, the top of the hillock must remain dry - in this way, air through dry soil enters the roots.
You can even mulch the top with chopped straw. And let the moisture come to the roots from the aisles. Explanation why: when we water a bush under the root, the water washes the root and the earth lags behind it. The root system again has to work, expend energy to "suck" the soil. In the grooves, wet soil, on the contrary, presses on the roots, presses down on the ground.
early shooters
Many gardeners complain that the daikon or black radish shoots quickly. This can be avoided by planting black radish no earlier than July 5-10, and daikon no earlier than July 25.
Garden strawberries need attention
When it comes time to harvest strawberries from the beds, collect absolutely all the berries, and not just the beautiful and fully ripe ones. Even those that are rotten must not be left! After the strawberries bear fruit, also cut off all the tendrils, loosen the aisles, water and feed the plants (or mulch) with mullein.
You can also spray the bushes with coniferous concentrate in order to scare away strawberry weevil. Removing flower stalks is the push of the plant to growth!
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