Receipt big harvest raspberries is impossible without measures to protect plantings. Raspberry pests and the fight against them begins from the first days of spring and ends before the autumn snowfalls. To defeat the army of pests, you need to know them well appearance and lifestyle.
Raspberry pests
Wormy berries and dried shoots do not cause delight among gardeners. Hard work in the pursuit of a generous harvest can be reduced to zero by a small mosquito or midge. To prevent this from happening, you need to know how insects can damage raspberry plantations. Raspberry pests and methods of dealing with them are diverse, they must be recognized and applied correctly.
Processing raspberries in the spring from the raspberry beetle pest
On average, over the years, the strength of the rod in the micro-atomizer version was only 7.9 mm. However, it was always noticeable in visual evaluations that bud budding and stock uniformity in the finishing treatments were significantly worse than in the other treatments.
It can be concluded that the fertility variants were too vegetative and severe bud damage occurred, leading to poor germination and a short flank with poor yields. Different irrigation methods were tested with the same soil moisture. The distribution of moisture in the soil turned out to be different from this point. Figure 4 shows an example of soil moisture in the micro-spray variant. Directly below the sprayer, the soil is relatively dry, but the desired soil moisture is achieved across the entire width of the plant rows.
Raspberry gall midge or raspberry mosquito
A small brownish insect with transparent wings and 2 mm long. Produces three generations in one season.
When it leaves eggs at the bottom and in the middle of the young stems. caterpillars orange color develop inside the stems, forming swellings on the stems - galls. Affected branches develop poorly and eventually die.
This distribution of moisture has a positive effect on the viability of the population and crop yields. A comprehensive presentation of these results is coming soon. Although the micronebulizers moisten the underside of the rod, no serious infection with rod disease has been observed.
Raspberry leaflets: prevention and control methods
Figure 4: Distribution of soil moisture after irrigation with microsprayers. Tensiometer measurements are a suitable method for determining soil moisture. Several tensiometers in the main root zone should be slipped 2 depths and checked regularly.
In May, adult insects emerge from the galls and begin to lay eggs. Within a month, a swelling forms on the stem, above which the branch dries up.
Raspberry stem fly (gall midge)
A gray little fly 5 mm long appears in May, it does not harm plantings. The damage is done by the larvae that she lays near the leaves and on the tops of the branches. Caterpillars are able to destroy the entire growth of raspberry stems, making ornate passages inside them, which is why they dry out.
Irrigation using two pressure-compensated drippers or micro-nebulizers achieved good results in the experiment. The evaporation of droppers is lower than with micro expanders. However, evaporation can have a positive effect on dry areas of raspberries.
Raspberry shoot and leaf aphid
Drip tubes require less pressure than micro-nebulizers. The watering interval should be more frequent and the shorter the lighter the soil. On loess soil, fertigation is not always necessary. In the municipalities of Los Reyes and Zamora, Michoacán, Irapuato, Guanajuato and Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Syngenta held a series of specialized workshops that discussed the main phytosanitary problems in the cultivation of berries.
The main sign of the presence of the raspberry fly is the young tops of the branches dry or rot. Holes are visible in the stems that the caterpillars make.
When raspberries bloom, the larvae descend into the soil and overwinter there. In spring, butterflies emerge from the ground and lay their eggs at the top of the branches.
Importantly, Mexico's berry production includes blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, and blueberries. These crops are increasingly consumed and in demand both in the domestic market and in export markets. In these 4 municipalities, berries are of great socio-economic value and job creation, benefiting the entire value chain from growers, marketers and industrialists, to consumers. Because of this, the berries now offer a lot of potential for profitability, which is why many farmers have changed their crops to produce these strawberries.
Raspberry Nutcracker
Lays eggs in stems, larvae grow in them and swellings - galls - form on the stems. Damaged stems break easily and dry out over time. The size of the swelling on the stem reaches 10 cm. stem gall midge- 3 cm.
Strawberries were the first commercial crop of berries, and then blackberries, raspberries and blueberries, which spread to different states of the republic. In recent years, the cultivation of berries has grown in Michoacan and Jalisco, and in Guanajuato, the cultivation of strawberries has revived, is growing and especially technically, so they are looking for new export markets to diversify the offer, he said.
A native of Venezuela, in his speech he made the participants take a closer look at fungicides. He explained the main differences between translocal and systemic pesticides depending on their mode of action and their physical and chemical properties. He noted that the main goal of pest and disease control in agriculture is not to destroy them, but to minimize their damage to the crop so that he can direct all his energy to produce and maximize yields. No product can repair the damage that pests and diseases have already caused to plants.
Raspberry shoot and leaf aphid
Insect green or black, covered with a shiny coating. Settles in colonies at the ends of young stems and leaves in mid-spring. They feed on plant sap, slowing down its growth. Leaves and branches curl, twist, and often dry out. Often carries viral infections.
There are no medicinal products. The correct strategy is to avoid in order to maximize the energy the plant can use to fill the fruit. To use a fungicide, we must understand the plant and the fungus. The more diseases a plant presents, the more energy is wasted and the less it produces.
Amistar Gold, used in berries to combat foliar diseases, combines two active ingredients from different groups: triazole and strobirulin, which allows a dual effect on the fungus. Bolda highlighted the problem of resistance that occurs in other countries caused by the poor handling of agrochemicals and suggested that the participants undertake responsible management, including various methods and techniques such as trapping, chemical and cultural control. He also emphasized that the training of technicians is very important because it is a link with producers and during the training they are encouraged to implement an integrated approach to pest management, which implies an understanding of the various stages of crop development, the biology of a pathogen or pest, and the importance of climate, which may contribute to the presence of pests and diseases.
The eggs overwinter on annual stems near the buds. The awakening of the pest begins simultaneously with the opening of the kidney. Aphids are especially prolific during dry periods.
Raspberry-strawberry weevil or flower beetle
A dark gray beetle with a proboscis 3 mm long hibernates in the ground, under fallen leaves. Lays eggs in buds, gnawing pedicels. A sign of the appearance of a weevil is wilted buds that hang on pedicels.
Another important aspect is to know how the available management tools work, whether biological, chemical or biological. Finally, he mentioned the list of permitted foods for each crop. Alfaro acknowledged that more research is needed for this disease and alternatives must be found to manage it. We also learned how to correct some mistakes and make changes to improve production, because we have to comply with strict quality standards in order to export berries, he said.
Luis Nunez, Driscoll's producer, noted that these workshops provide good information and tools to know how to manage crops well. He also noted that the information provided was of quality and applicable in this area. David Patiño, Strawberry Producer of the municipality of Jaral del Progreso, Guanajuato, said that the speakers presented very interesting topics and that they rank first in the study of berries worldwide.
A larva in the form of a white caterpillar with a dark yellow head eats a flower inside. By mid-summer, the larvae turn into adult beetles that gnaw on raspberry leaves.
raspberry beetle
An insect of gray or rusty color with reddish edges, 4 mm long, hibernates in the ground, appears on raspberries in May.
They are used to combat root diseases at the stage of seedlings and transplantation. It is a safe product to handle with a wide range of control and versatility as it can be applied to soil and foliage. Its active ingredient is strobirulin with its own characteristics, which is different from others found on the market.
Raspberry pest control
For ash and rust control. For the control of Fusarium in the strawberry crop. It is a versatile product, so it is also applicable to organic production to fight various diseases, since it is made from a natural extract. In a rainy year, there is a greater risk of diseases caused by oomycetes, also called "aquatic fungi", especially those Phytophthora species that thrive in flooded soils and areas where stagnant water remains for some time.
It eats weed flowers, then moves to raspberry buds. Eats buds from the inside, ovaries and leaves. Lays eggs on leaves and flowers. The yellowish caterpillar with transverse stripes eats the berries, resulting in worms and reduced yields. In July-August, the caterpillars climb into the ground, and in autumn they turn into an adult insect.
It is known that oospores remain viable in the soil for more than 10 years. Oospores germinate in humid conditions, producing sporangia in the form of globes containing motile zoospores. Zoospores float through the pores of water-filled soil towards susceptible plant parts, causing infection without the need for any wound.
There are more chances of infection during the cold and rainy periods of autumn and spring; however, plants can become infected during the entire growth cycle if conditions are favorable and if there is tissue from susceptible host plants. Root rot by phytophthora in raspberries.
Raspberry glass
An insect with a striped, black and yellow color, transparent wings, resembles a wasp. The wingspan is about 3 cm. It hibernates inside the stem or in the roots of raspberries, in swellings - galls.
In June her years begin. Lays eggs in the soil at the base of the stems. The larvae bite into the shoots and roots inside, causing them to dry out. Wintering and pupation occurs inside the stem or root. In June, new butterflies come to the surface and begin a new breeding cycle.
Symptoms of late blight root rot in raspberries include a lack of overall vigor and sparse density. In late spring or early summer, reeds that appear to be healthy suddenly rot and collapse. Infected plants often form patches or blocks that can disperse along rows. Because there are other factors that can cause similar symptoms such as winter injuries, reeds, etc. Suspicious plants should be dug up to cut out the root and crown looking for characteristic red brick staining and root rot.
Raspberry kidney moth
Moth caterpillars appear in early spring, wintering in damaged stems or under fallen leaves. The larva eats the buds, penetrates the stem and pupates in it in May. At the beginning of raspberry flowering, moth butterflies appear.
Rotten roots will finally turn dark brown as the tissue decomposes. Sometimes you can see the dividing line between infected tissue and healthy tissue. Infected plants suffer stunted growth, turn an opaque green color and produce several stolons. Older leaves turn yellow or red prematurely, while younger leaves take on a metallic blue-green tint.
Infected plants develop very few new roots, and many of the old roots are rotten. When the outer part of the root peels off, the central part appears brick red. Under favorable conditions, plants will show symptoms of the disease within 10 days of infection.
An adult butterfly of dark brown color with light and golden spots lays eggs in flowers. Red-colored larvae with a dark brown head appear, which eat away the buds, stems and berries. In spring, raspberry stems dry out, in which moth caterpillars hibernated.
Raspberry gall midge or raspberry mosquito
What to do with worms in raspberries? Share your opinion about this article! The small white worms that take their surroundings in the garden's raspberries are the work of a beetle that lies in April in raspberry blossom. They mainly affect ascending varieties and affect slightly less non-ascending varieties.
In winter, the fight against worms in raspberries is organized
Prevention begins in winter, when. As the larvae fall to spend the bad season underground, weeding and clearing at the base of the bushes allows the insects to be exposed and offer the chicks or birds an insatiable appetite. Some plants, such as tansy or garlic planted at the foot of a raspberry, give off odors that bother the beetle. Sprinkling garlic tincture is also effective for rinsing adults when raspberries are in bloom.
spider mite
The insect is so small that it is very difficult to see it. A cobweb is noticeable, which is located on raspberries, on leaves, from the underside. The tick feeds on juice, which causes the leaves to discolor, dry and fly around. Often appear after the onset of intense heat without rain.
Another way to fight is to catch adults. Eliminated before laying, the problem of worms in raspberries is solved! Thus, there are commercially available olfactory baits based on white platelets to hang around bushes. It is also possible to "collect" visible adults and drop them into a pot filled with boiling water.
The fruits obtained from the raspberry plant are especially widespread on all tables in the world and are used quite often to produce good jams, but also pies, ice cream and Macedonia. Obviously, raspberries can also be frozen without losing their main characteristics and then consuming them later. The raspberry is a plant that is characterized by high productivity and, above all, can rely on the fact that it occupies a fairly small size. The only requirement of the raspberry plant is to get a good amount of water: in a nutshell, this means that the cultivation of this fruit plant is not suitable for all those places that have a rather turbulent climate.
raspberry mite
Raspberries are attacked by a tick in the spring. It appears during the blooming of the leaves, settle on the leaves from below. The leaves change color, become pale and curly, and finally dry up. The insect hibernates in the kidneys.
Ways to fight
How to deal with pests was suggested by nature itself. Many insects hibernate under last year's foliage or in the soil. Therefore, the cleaning of old foliage and digging up the earth became mandatory procedures. However, digging can severely damage the surface roots of garden raspberries.
The solution may be a high layer of mulch, through which it is difficult for pests to reach the soil. If the soil is mulched, add a layer of mulch to prevent insects from escaping to the surface.
Some insects hibernate in the affected shoots, which in the fall must be inspected and removed swollen, dried and damaged bark.
Treatment chemicals destroys many pests. But many beneficial insects die with them, and chemicals can accumulate in the berries. Therefore, this method is used in extreme cases, if more harmless treatments do not work.
spring processing
In the spring they start from pests. Processing is carried out at the beginning of the growing season and 5-6 days before flowering. During the growth of branches, before flowering, they are sprayed with insecticides:
- Karbofos;
- Aktellik;
- Decis;
- Confidor;
- Iskra.
A 6% solution of urea, which is watered on the plantation before bud break, helps to get rid of mites.
In May, by the beginning of the summer of the raspberry fly, the stems are sprayed with some kind of preparation.
- Alatar;
- Fufanon;
- Inta-Vir;
- Iskra-M;
- Actellik.
Apply mechanical shaking off of beetles on a plastic film and destruction.
Withering tops are regularly cut and burned. If, when cut inside, you can see the hole that the insect made, then they cut even lower, to healthy tissue.
At the beginning of the growing season, raspberries are sprayed with tansy infusion. On a five-liter bucket take a kilogram of fresh or 350 grams of dried grass. The mixture stands for a day, then it is boiled for half an hour on fire, filtered through cheesecloth, poured into 10 liters and water is added to the full volume. This decoction is watered with raspberry branches.
Instead of infusion of tansy use:
- sagebrush;
- garlic arrows;
- bitter capsicum;
- potassium permanganate solution.
Infusion of garlic repels aphids and flower beetles: 500 g of garlic is crushed through a meat grinder and poured with three liters of water. Insist five days, filtered. Dilute in ten liters of 60 grams of infusion, adding a little liquid soap.
Summer processing
When raspberries bloom, any plantation treatments are excluded due to the possibility of harming pollinating insects.
Spraying bushes with insecticides:
- Karbofos;
- Cidalom;
- Metaphos;
- colloidal sulfur;
- spark;
- Fufanon;
- Confidor.
Akreksom carried out after harvest. It is done up to 4 times a season with an interval of 10 days.
It is impossible to treat stems affected by pests from the inside. They need to be cut and burned.
Ammonia solution, infusion of tomato leaves, potatoes, wormwood, tansy repels aphids. Ammonia solution is sprayed on all sides of the leaves.
Sprinkling of the plantation in cloudy and evening weather prevents the spread of spider mites.
autumn processing
Two-year-old fruiting shoots and stems with cracks and scuffs of the bark, weak, diseased, unripe and extra branches are cut off.
If galls are located on the stems, then they cannot be treated. They are cut below the swelling. Drying, blackened stems are cut at the root.
Dig aisles, remove fallen leaves.
Prevention measures
The methods of how to deal with pests involve systematic care of the plantation and its treatment with the strongest chemicals. Such a fight against insects can affect consumers of berries from the wrong side. Therefore, work must begin with preventive measures.
Prevention from the appearance and reproduction of numerous pests will be a full care of the plantation. Measures aimed at increasing yields prevent the appearance of many pests. It's not hard to do, but it's quite effective:
- prune biennial branches;
- thin out plantings;
- cut branches to burn;
- all affected by swelling, cobwebs, drying branches should be removed immediately;
- remove fallen leaves;
- shallow loosen the soil;
- remove weeds;
- lay a layer of mulch at least 8 cm.
Using the recipe for a miraculous mixture invented by the outstanding gardener A.P. Bessarab, you can feed the plants, get rid of many pests. In the spring it is necessary to water the plantings, in the summer - spray on the foliage. Application - once a week.
Prepare the mixture:
- 1 liter of whey;
- 1 st. l. sour cream;
- 1 st. l. honey;
- 10 g of yeast;
- 1 liter of warm water.
Dissolve the mixture in 10 liters of water and store in a dark place for a week until everything ferments. The principle of operation of the mixture is not chemical elements, but in the vital activity of microbes that helped plants absorb nutrients and fought pests.
The symbiosis of microorganisms with raspberries is practiced in his nursery by another outstanding gardener A. Kuznetsov. His natural farming biotechnology involves the use of organic mulch with mycelium sprouting in it.
As a result, soil nutrition makes it possible to grow not with an excellent yield of berries. Moreover, instead of 4-5 shoots per square. m. he grows 30-40 shoots.
Conclusion
Raspberry pest control begins with caring for raspberries, cultivating the land, regulating the number of shoots, and mulching the soil. All these necessary measures not only strengthen the plants, but also prevent the appearance of numerous pests.
Mostly weakened plants, neglected and overgrown, are ill. Well-maintained plantations with strong plants are almost free from diseases and pests. It is worth remembering this.
– the favorite berry culture of many gardeners. Juicy berries are valued not only for their excellent taste, but are also famous for their useful properties. The fruits of the plant have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effects, increase the tone of the body and give energy, help fight stress. However, for successful cultivation you need to know how to effectively resist raspberry pests.
Did you know?In the American city of Enterprise, a monument was erected to one of the pests of raspberries and other plants - the weevil beetle. The fact is that having destroyed all cotton in 1915, he forced farmers to plant new crops. Thus, a diversified economy developed.
gall midges
Raspberry shoot gall midge (raspberry mosquito) is the most dangerous pest of this crop. In spring, insects lay their eggs in crevices in the bark of the plant. They develop into white larvae. Feeding, the larvae secrete toxic substances that cause the formation of galls - swelling, and the bark is severely cracked.
The growth of raspberries slows down due to damage, the shoots dry out and break with strong gusts of wind. Over time, the larvae fall to the ground, turn into cocoons and grow into adult insects. In one season, three cycles of pest development can go through.
To combat it, it is necessary in the summer, when there are most larvae, to destroy infected shoots. It is also recommended to spray the soil under the bushes twice with a 0.15-0.3% solution of chlorophos. The first time this is done when the soil is warmed up to +13 ° C, before the departure of insects, again - 10 days after the first spraying.
Raspberry stem gall midge
A small fly in May-June lays its eggs near the raspberry buds. The hatched larvae begin to feed on the juice of the plant, disrupting its normal development. In places of accumulation of larvae, galls are formed. Where these seals appear, the bark cracks and separates from the branch. The larvae pupate directly in the gall and the cycle continues.
The fight against stem gall midge on raspberries occurs with the help of:
- scrupulous selection of planting material, without signs of infection;
- careful destruction of all damaged branches;
- spraying raspberries with chemicals twice a year (in spring, before laying insect eggs and in autumn, after harvesting and digging the soil). To do this, use 1% Bordeaux liquid or karbofos emulsion (0.1-0.2%).
With the arrival of the first spring warmth, immature beetles begin to eat young raspberry leaves, and with the advent of buds, anthers from flowers. Then the female lays eggs in a bud, gnaws it, and further development the pest passes in the fallen inflorescence.
Did you know? One female weevil lays up to 50 eggs.
The larva feeds on the bud, pupates and eventually turns into an adult insect. The cycle is repeated. Strawberry-raspberry weevil infestation can be detected by small holes in young raspberry leaves, bud drop and the presence of larvae in them.
Experienced gardeners advise following methods protection of raspberries from this pest:
- agrotechnical: digging or autumn plowing of the soil under the bushes;
- mechanical: destruction of fallen leaves and buds, shaking off beetles from the plant;
- biological: planting strong-smelling plants between raspberry bushes (garlic, onion, tansy, celandine, mustard, capsicum, etc.);
- chemical: spraying the plant before and after flowering with Fufafon (15 ml of the substance is dissolved in 5 l of water; consumption - 5 l of solution per 10 m²), Kemifos (10 ml of the drug is added to 10 l of water; consumption - 1.5 l of solution per 10 m²), "Alatar" (5 ml of the drug is dissolved in 4 liters of water; consumption - 4 liters of solution per 100 m²).
Important! In order to avoid infection with weevil, it is not recommended to plant raspberries and strawberries close to each other.
Ticks
This pest can attack raspberries in dry and hot weather. He lives on bottom side leaves and entangles them with cobwebs. It feeds on plant sap. As a result of infection, white spots appear on the leaves, and over time they completely dry out. Raspberry mites can be dealt with in the following ways:
- applying watering bushes and soil under them in hot weather;
- spraying the plant according to the instructions with the help of such preparations as colloidal sulfur, karbofos, cidal, phosphamide, metaphos. If necessary, the treatment with chemicals is repeated several times, with an interval of 10 days.
Important!Raspberries should be watered at dawn or in the evening, after sunset, to avoid rapid evaporation of moisture.
raspberry mite
The females of the pest hibernate under the upper shell of the kidney. During the period of leaf blooming, mites come out of the shelter and begin to feed on the sap of the plant. At the same time, the leaves are bent and brighten, the bushes do not grow well.
For the prevention of infection and the fight against raspberry mites, after flowering and harvesting, it is recommended to spray the plant with karbofos. Insecticides "Aktellik", "Fufafon", "Iskra M" are used.
The insect hibernates at a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil. In spring, it climbs on blooming raspberry flowers, lays eggs, from which larvae develop, and eats buds. The larvae return to the ground to pupate and develop into adult insects the next spring. The cycle is repeated.
In the war with the raspberry beetle, the following methods of struggle are used:
- digging the soil under plants and between rows during the formation of insect pupae;
- spraying with decis, confidor, karbofos.
Raspberry kidney moth
Causes particular harm early varieties raspberries. Caterpillars hibernate in cracks in the bark of shoots or under plants in fallen leaves. In the spring, they gnaw out the buds of the plant and pupate there. Dark brown butterflies emerge from the pupae and lay their eggs in the flowers. Hatched caterpillars eat ripe berries
To get rid of the raspberry kidney moth, you must:
- when pruning old branches, make sure that there are no stumps left;
- as soon as the kidneys begin to swell, treat the raspberries with Iskra, Confidor, Decis or Karbofos.
Pest larvae, feeding on juice from raspberry stalks, cause cracking and swelling of the bark. Damaged branches bear little fruit, break and dry out. It differs from the stem gall midge only in the size of the seals, which can reach up to 10 cm in length. Apply the same control measures as with the previous pests.
Raspberry stem fly
L insect larvae gnaw spiral holes inside the stem, which is why the tops of raspberries begin to quickly wither and turn black, and then rot. At the beginning of flowering, the larvae go into the soil for wintering, where they turn into butterflies that lay eggs. The hatched caterpillars begin to spoil the branches from the inside again.
In the case of the raspberry stem fly, the following control methods are used:
- digging up the soil in autumn and cleaning up fallen leaves;
- processing the culture in early spring (as soon as young shoots appear), using "Karbofos" or "Aktelliki".
In mid-summer, butterflies lay their eggs on the soil at the base of raspberry shoots. The white caterpillars that emerged from them begin to bite into the branches, which causes swelling. They hibernate and pupate right in the stems of the plant. The next year, the pupae turn into butterflies and the cycle repeats. Raspberry infected with a glass case quickly withers and dries.
In order to prevent the pest from multiplying, it is necessary to destroy the damaged shoots as soon as possible, and remove the old branches without leaving a hemp.
Raspberry leaf aphid
The insect lives on the underside of raspberry leaves in small colonies. It feeds on the juice from the stems of the plant and can carry viral diseases. Due to the defeat of aphids, raspberries grow poorly and dry out over time. The main method of pest control is the treatment with "Aktellik" or "Karbofos" during bud break.
Pest Prevention
Before getting good harvest, it is necessary to spray raspberries in the spring from pests. For this, it is recommended to use modern drugs (for example, the same "Aktellik" or "Karbofos"). Treatment with chemicals, if necessary, is repeated several times per season. If you combine this process with a periodic inspection of the bushes and destroy the affected shoots in time, then you can count on an abundance of berries. It will also be useful to dig up the soil after harvesting.
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