Raspberries are one of the most common horticultural crops. It's hard to imagine a garden without it. It is grown literally in every region where agriculture is at least slightly developed. The extraordinary popularity of this can be explained not only by the taste of its fruits and their healing properties, but also by unpretentiousness, combined with abundant yields. Proper processing of raspberries, in autumn or any other season, becomes the key to generous fertility in the second year after planting. But some summer residents complain that there are a lot of bushes in the garden, and there are only enough berries for food. This most likely means that not all necessary processing raspberries in autumn. It is at this time of the year that the most crucial moment comes in the process of caring for plantings, since fruiting is completed and the harvest is harvested. 
We do not spray rods for slicing production in the spring as slicing before planting is done. Typical symptoms are longitudinal stems on the trunk and branches, surrounded by irregular, curved edges, from which spring sticky slime emerges.
Necrosis of the tree and branches degrades the quality of the wood, and necrosis surrounding shoots can lead to premature death of trees. Skin peeling - Erwin is a carcinogen. Emphasized crops in inappropriate locations are endangered. Other wood-destroying fungi infect trees mainly at the sites of damage. Their value increases with the age of the owner. The ideal is to prevent deformation damage. If this is already happening, we immediately refer to such a place.
pruning
Raspberry processing in the fall primarily consists of pruning. This is necessary so that the next year's garden culture gives good harvest. To do this, all the stems on which there were berries are cut off at their very base. Weakened, very young shoots are also removed. On remontant varieties raspberry processing after harvesting is reduced to total pruning. Thus, the berry is cleared of various pests: gall midges, spider mites or purple Friday. TO 
In addition, in November, with the onset of frost, when nutrients stop flowing to the roots of the plant, they are cut to the ground in order to have more powerful shoots in the spring, on which there will be even more harvest. If the autumn processing of raspberries, especially remontant, is not very thorough, then next year its bushes become stunted and lose their ability to bear fruit several times a season.
Economic damage can result in widely distributed species as well as uncommon species occurring locally in time-limited gradations. If we are forced to use insecticides due to the state of control and economic harm, we choose from a list of registered plant protection products.
Abundant pests may pose a greater risk to young plants. They are also carriers of viral diseases. Due to the difficult life cycle and protective elements on the body of an insect, chemical intervention is very difficult, and therefore it is carried out only in nurseries and mothers.
Pinching and fertilizing
In early September, the growth of annual shoots stops, and they begin to gradually mature. To speed up this process, they are pinched. Processing raspberries in the fall is also fertilizing. First you need to dig the soil between the rows, and then add humus. Fertilizers can be alternated over the years, introducing alternately organic and mineral. It must be remembered that the root system of this plant is shallow, so it is necessary to carry out water-charging watering in dry weather. Otherwise, the berry grower may shed its leaves ahead of time, and this will certainly negatively affect the future harvest.
Delfacidy. Interventions are carried out exclusively in the case of a very strong nursery. On poplar we can find the following families? Beekeepers - willow beech, large beech. Mandelkinviti - squirrels, poplars, Asian buns, basil baskets, narrow mandible, glossy jaw, round beetle, poplar.
Navatkoviti - Poullon wobbler, vowel vowel. Insects damaging strains and branches. Wounded areas are a gateway for stem and branch diseases. The most effective defense is prevention. An environmental check is recommended before plantings are established to rule out pests from old plantations where cobras are often overstocked. Dry-dry dense, broad-leaved pulp.
Preparing for the winter
Somewhere in mid-October, another stage of caring for this horticultural crop begins. With the first frost, the shoots bend down to the ground so that the fallen snow completely covers them. The branches of neighboring bushes are carefully brought closer to each other and tied. The distance to the ground should not exceed twenty centimeters. All leaves that are still on the stems must be removed. This is done carefully enough so as not to harm the kidneys growing in the sinuses. If the leaves are not removed, then in wet weather they rot, causing a burn on the plant. 
Such processing of raspberries in the fall for winter-hardy varieties is not necessary, it is enough just to attach the shoots to a support so that they do not break under the weight of snow.
Young caterpillars spawn areas in the camelum and backyard areas that show up when swollen in the same way as pollen larvae. After hibernation, it breaks into the forest, into weaker trunks in the rocks, ascending corridors 4-10 cm long, spewing rubble and flesh. It goes beyond nurseries and plantations.
After wintering, the caterpillars are rather short and various cylindrical corridors rush into the forest. The best defense from creep attacks - prevent damage to stems and branches. The risk of an attack is reduced to almost zero if poplars are grown in a suitable area.
Peculiarities
It is not necessary to remove the foliage that has fallen under the bushes, since in the spring it will already become humus, and in order for the berry tree not to freeze, you need to sprinkle the base with sawdust.
Spring is a favorable time for arranging a plot with raspberries. Regardless of the variety, it must be protected from diseases and pests, cut, fed, watered. Only with good care, raspberries please with a plentiful and tasty harvest.
It is mainly affected by plants affected by water stress. Dwarf rabbit - Asian pig damages all types and hybrids of poplars, except for aspen. Branches or trunks 6-20 mm thick are most affected. Attacked places always hit the halo amazingly, and tree wounds are significantly technically worse. The Asiatic Knight destroys perennials and green jelly, but kneeling on young chests often does more damage than the goat itself. Poplar chamois also attacks all types and crosses of poplars of different ages.
The larvae are found in mostly ascending wood along the cross section of an oval corridor. Large pieces of chips and chips are mostly removed by the ejection hole outward and accumulate at the base of the deformation. It translates predominantly into monoculture, into illuminated hedgerows, embedded in a thin buckle without a lower tray.
Bushes are processed at the beginning of the growing season and during budding (5-7 days before flowering).
During the flowering of raspberries, any preventive or therapeutic measures should be excluded. The processing of bushes during this period leads to the death of pollinating insects and, as a result, to a deterioration in the yield.
What to process
It belongs to the most important physiological and technical pests of poplars. The larvae are initially knocked out across through the passage in the cambium and the bay. Later, they retreat to the forest or marrow, where they wander along a cylindrical corridor 7-10 cm long and 4 mm in diameter.
The corridors are partially filled with pulp, and they are partially ejected. The station also supplies reproduction material from known clone archives. The list of used literature is available from the author. You can find photos of the article on the title page.
The fungus attacks leaves and fruits, especially young branches. Severely infected leaves and young fry fall prematurely. Old fruits tend to be distorted. Late infections will appear as small dots on the fetus, possibly during storage. Crack crack spots are a gateway to other fungi that cause fruit rot.
Processing is done as chemicals(urea, blue vitriol, dolomite flour, Bordeaux liquid), and folk remedies (mustard, soda, boiling water, infusions of herbs and flowers).
To strengthen the plants, urea treatment is performed in early spring. 15-20 grams are taken per square meter. Urea saturates the bushes with nitrogen and makes them less susceptible to disease.
Fungi overwinter as rhizomes in leaf litter, where mature vegetation in snakes matures with two-celled spores. Ascopores are the primary infection. The risk of primary infections ends after the complete decomposition of last year's leaves, which is around the end of June. In a dry year, older leaves may take longer to deteriorate. The content of microorganisms and earthworms in the soil is also greatly influenced by the decomposition of leaf decay, which can also be influenced by the way the soil is grown under the trees. In our practice, we found last year's undeveloped leaves in August, and the remaining agospores found in mushroom rattles on these leaves were still germinating.
Processing raspberries with copper sulfate avoids the appearance of fungal diseases (gray rot, anthracnose). Raspberry stalks and the soil around the bushes are processed. For spraying, 50 grams of vitriol is taken per 5 liters of water.
During the growing season and during the active growth of the plant, treatment with copper sulphate cannot be performed. It accumulates in berries and stems.
In the spring, when the old leaves are moistened by rain, the mushrooms will crack and thorns are thrown into the air. After a certain period of time, depending on the temperature, faint spots appear on the leaves or fruits, which have an olive green color, then darken. These "velvety" spots are composed of conidioses with conidia. Conidia are single-celled summer spores that are kyovate and cause secondary infections.
They are flooded with water and do not spread over long distances. Controlling the protection of the apple tree from roughness is one of the most important successes of fruit growers every year. Who can cope with the protection of an apple from scab has no problem with the quality of the grown apples.
In the fight against anthracnose, rust and powdery mildew the treatment of the bushes with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or ferrous sulfate, Topaz, Nitrofen helps.
The main reasons for the development of infections are high humidity and high acidity of the soil. Reducing watering reduces moisture. Acidity can be reduced with wood ash, slaked lime, dolomite flour. 150 grams are taken per square meter.
There are several principles that every grower must comply with in order to reduce the effectiveness of his fight. When planting new orchards, it is necessary to choose varieties that are less susceptible or completely resistant - resistant. Preventive protection also includes the destruction of autumn leaves in the fall.
Chemical interventions in vegetation should be carefully evaluated and used to the minimum necessary. It can be treated preventively, either at a fixed rate of about 7-10 days, or with trees should be treated before the expected rain, but the spray must be completely dry. Medical treatment carried out only after the infection conditions have been met. Further treatment is indicated after infection, which occurred on other days after the previous treatment. The choice of a product is determined by its therapeutic efficacy.
Mustard protects raspberries from weevil larvae.
For spraying, 20 grams of dry mustard is taken per 10 liters of water, everything is mixed and infused for 12 hours. Spraying of bushes is carried out in several visits.
Instead of mustard, you can take baking soda, 2 tablespoons should be diluted in 10 liters of water.
Processing the bushes and the root circle with boiling water allows you to get rid of most pests. The procedure is performed after the snow melts and the soil warms up.
With this protection method, we need reliable signaling technology, powerful application technology, and enough fungicides with a long-lasting curative effect, which is currently a big problem. Fungicides authorized to protect apple scab are listed in the table. Let's look at the protection conditions in more detail.
In the Czech Republic, several jobs have been growing resistant or scab resistant varieties for several years. Planting forage-resistant varieties can greatly reduce the need for protection. However, there are sales issues with these varieties, especially through a distribution network that only supports certain, well-established and well-known consumer varieties.
With a small area of damage, raspberry beetle larvae can be harvested by hand. Before flowering, it is treated with an infusion of bitter wormwood and marigolds. When using Agravertin and Agravertin, the treatment is performed twice.
During budding, raspberries can be sprayed with tansy infusion.
For infusion, 350 grams of dry grass or a kilogram of freshly harvested raw materials, 5 liters of water are taken. Tansy is infused for a day, then boiled for half an hour, filtered and diluted with the same amount of water.
The second challenge is to get enough quality planting material to plant larger farms. However, growing resistant varieties will in no way eliminate the need for fungicidal interventions in the garden. Hardy or resistant varieties of scab are susceptible to apple or apple pests or diseases that cause significant fruit storage losses.
It should also be remembered that these varieties will behave differently in indoor mixed gardens and others in large intensive blocks. In monoculture, these highly resistant varieties will not grow vigorously without a partial fungicidal treatment. But there is another problem. Over the past few years, resistance has been allowed in some stands for resistance due to the presence of resistance genes in pathogens. Stability with long-term resistance gradually increases.
Mulching with pine needles protects against weevil and gray rot.
The main pests and diseases of raspberries with photos, descriptions and control measures
Pests
The main pests of raspberries are:
- stem gall,
- raspberry beetle,
- stem fly,
- weevil,
- spider mite,
- kidney moth,
- raspberry nutcracker,
- raspberry glass.
The cause of scabs was most often recorded on the varieties Rubinola, Selena, Topaz, Otava. Propagation of fruit plants for planting from abroad, which can be latently attacked by another race of the pathogen, for which the variety was not cultivated, significantly affected the destruction of resistance.
The lack of fungicidal protection also greatly accelerated the loss of scab resistance in the variety. Preventive protection also includes breaking up autumn leaves in the fall with a mechanical scraper, or reducing the source of infection with urea spray in the fall, which will speed up leaf decay. This may partially relieve infection pressure, but we must understand that ascoporous fungi are transmitted by wind over a greater distance. If this action is not carried out in the garden and surrounding area, it will not affect the reduction of fungicidal interventions in the spring.
The presence of swellings on the stems and shoots of raspberries indicates that the plant is affected. stem gall midge. Such shoots are cut and burned.
For prevention in early spring, the soil is loosened to a depth of 5-10 centimeters and sprayed with karbofos or Fufanon.
During the appearance of buds, re-treatment with Fufanon or Actellik is performed.
However, it can be recommended especially in orchards that are heavily affected by scab, because any reduction in the source of infection will contribute to more effective protection in this year. For these products, the active substance does not penetrate the plant, but remains on the surface only in the areas where it falls during application. Therefore, in order to achieve good efficiency, a perfect and uniform coverage of the treated leaf surface with the product used is decisive. An ideal leaf cover is especially important for fungicides whose spores are very small and do not move after exposure to the leaf.
Aphids feed on plant sap and accumulate on the lower part of the foliage. To destroy the pest during bud break, karbofos or Actellik is used.
For the prevention of stem flies, mulching the soil around the bushes is used. Mulch makes it difficult for insects to get out of the ground. The first treatment is carried out after the snow melts, karbofos is used. In early May (before flowering), Fitoverm, Aktellik or Agravertin are processed.
Raspberry nutcracker attacks raspberry stems. The larvae feed on stem tissue and cause tissue cracking and swelling. Blisters in length reach 10 centimeters. Diseased plants are removed from the site. For the prevention of healthy bushes, treatment with karbofos is carried out.
When raspberry bushes are affected by the weevil, the plants are treated with karbofos, metaphos or Actellik. Processing is done a week before flowering.
To combat the kidney moth in early spring (before the buds swell), the bushes are treated with Bordeaux liquid, Confidor, Spark, Decis. When leaves appear, a 10% solution of karbofos is used.
The raspberry beetle damages the leaves, buds and berries of the plant. Berries shrink and quickly deteriorate.
To protect against the raspberry beetle, the bushes and the ground around (immediately after the snow melts, trimming and tying the bushes) are sprayed with a 10% solution of karbofos, Nitrafen, Decis, Confidor, Iskra and covered with mulch.
When a raspberry glass case appears, the damaged stems are cut and burned, the caterpillars damage the stems, roots and lead to the weakening and death of the bushes.
Spider mites can be identified by white punctures on the surface of raspberry leaves. With a strong defeat, the plants begin to wither and die.
In the fight against spider mites, karbofos, phosphamide, metaphos, colloidal sulfur, Cidial are used. Spraying is done in the evening.
Diseases
Raspberry is amazed
- anthracnose,
- rust,
- white and purple spotting,
- powdery mildew,
- vercillo wilt,
- gray rot,
- streak,
- mosaic,
- mycoplasma disease (growth),
- curly,
- bactericidal root cancer,
- root rot.
Anthracnose (leaf curling) occurs when there is a lack of boron or potassium in the soil. With a lack of potassium, the leaves are wrapped inside. You can correct the situation with the help of ash. The lack of boron can be compensated by adding a solution of boric acid.
From gray rot and anthracnose, raspberries are treated with Nitrafen solution in early spring. When buds open, Bordeaux liquid is sprayed. Fitosporin can be used at any time.
With the appearance of mottling, stains, spotting on the leaves (viral diseases), they must be removed immediately. Pruning old shoots, thinning and feeding plants avoids these diseases. 
To avoid verticillium wilt when planting, the roots should be dipped for 10 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. When leaf spot appears, Bordeaux liquid is used.
Raspberry chlorosis
Pests (mites, aphids, nematodes) penetrate the stems through cuts, breaks. These insects are carriers of viral diseases (chlorosis, jaundice). The leaves turn yellow, the stems are depleted, the berries become smaller and dry quickly.
At the first sign of chlorosis, plants need to be dug up and burned, healthy bushes and the soil around are treated with protective preparations.
Mycoplasma disease leads to the formation of a large number of infertile thin shoots from 30-50 centimeters long (about 200 pieces per bush). At the first manifestations of the disease, the bush is dug up and removed from the site.
Leads to yellowing of foliage. When transplanting or planting bushes, you need to pay attention to the roots. If there is swelling, they are removed, and the cuts are treated with a 1% solution of copper sulphate. 
When raspberry curl appears, the leaves become very small, become wrinkled, hard. Down side leaves turn brown. Berries become sour, deformed and dry. The plant dies within 3 years. Sick bushes are immediately removed and sent to the fire.
Spring treatment of raspberries from pests / Stem raspberry fly / Spraying raspberries: video
In addition to processing raspberries from pests and diseases, care includes:
- pruning,
- top dressing,
- tying up,
- watering and weeding.
To prevent raspberry bushes from getting sick, you need roots and stems from mechanical damage. Shrubs in one place can grow no more than 7 years. They can be planted on the former site after 4 years.
Landing should be done in fertilized soil. Seedlings should be healthy, strong, with a well-developed, strong root system, without any damage.
Treatment with copper-containing preparations (1% Bordeaux liquid, Oksihom, Abiga-Peak, Hom, Copper oxychloride) saves raspberries from infections. In rainy weather, spraying should be repeated after 1.5-2 weeks.
To combat diseases of raspberry bushes, plants need to be provided with high level carrying out agricultural technology (correctly chosen place of planting, top dressing, timely watering, loosening, weeding, tying and mulching).
If the raspberries dry out, then there are reasons for this: lack of nitrogen, lack of moisture and thickening of the planting. Eliminating problems can improve the yield several times over.
Pruning is done from the second year of plant life.
One of the more milestones raspberry care is pruning.
First of all, shoots are cut off on which fruits are not expected (frozen, damaged and young), they are cut off at the root. If the shoot is partially damaged, it is cut to a healthy place.
Regardless of the planting, the bushes should not be thickened. With a bush form, 8-12 stems should grow, with a ribbon no more than 25 stems.
The second pruning is done when the raspberries grow.
The tops of raspberries are cut to 12-15 centimeters (to the first bud), this stimulates the development of the plant and lateral buds. The height of the stem should not exceed 1.5 meters.
The most necessary useful substances for raspberries are potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter.
- Potassium improves the yield and winter hardiness of plants.
- Phosphorus strengthens shoots.
- Nitrogen accelerates plant growth. Any raspberry variety gives a good harvest on soil rich in organic matter.
To increase the yield spring dressing produced in several stages.
Any kind of raspberry dressing is done after watering and loosening the soil.
For the first top dressing, after the snow melts (before loosening the soil), urea or saltpeter is used. Granular fertilizer is applied under the bush immediately after watering. 15 grams of saltpeter or 20 grams of urea are taken per square meter. To enhance the effect, a glass of wood ash is scattered under the bush.
After loosening the land, rotted manure, peat or compost is distributed on the site. The organics will serve as mulch.
In May, raspberries need to be fed with mullein. The mullein is filled with water in a ratio of one to one and infused for a week. The resulting infusion is diluted with cool water (2 liters per 10 liters of water), poured under the bushes.
When laying the ovary, top dressing is carried out with superphosphate. After this procedure, the bushes become strong, resistant to diseases, the yield increases.
During flowering, 1 glass of superphosphate, a glass of ash and 100 grams of carbamide are introduced.
The mixture is diluted in a bucket of water and spilled under the bushes.
Feeding raspberries with chicken manure increases the yield and strengthens the plants. Litter is diluted in water in a ratio of one to five and infused for 5 days. The finished infusion is diluted one to twenty and used for its intended purpose.
Raspberries. The fight for the harvest begins in the spring: video
Proper processing of raspberries in the spring and good care allows you to get a bountiful harvest every year.
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