Recently, people have become more and more involved in agricultural work and are increasingly beginning to plant gardens on their personal plots. In such small and cozy home gardens, it is customary to grow berries, fruits, and even some vegetables.
Surely in each such garden you can find at least a few raspberry bushes, because its fruits will not only decorate the summer garden, but will also allow you to enjoy the amazing taste! Today it has become fashionable to grow something unusual, and this is how summer residents began to breed repair raspberries! The features of this variety make you pay attention to every little thing when growing it and follow not only the rules of care, but also take seriously the time of planting the crop.
Planting at the same level as the potato, or the way it grew before transplanting, can be even a centimeter higher. The roots are pumped out horizontally, at low depths, leaving no accumulation of roots. The plant is well grown. It is very suitable for sawdust and needles, and a layer of sand can be covered. Compost is not suitable for mosquitoes as it stimulates the soil. It is best to sew coniferous sawdust. Blackberry roots are superficial. Because of the mulch, the earth is not dry, it does not overeat longer, even if it rains, the soil structure improves.
The skull roots of worms are less susceptible to strong temperature fluctuations. In dry and hot summer, relatively cool in tenement land, while Cold winter warm. Watering after planting requires plentiful, but the water should not stand. Sprinkle with soft water, preferably in rain or at least stagnation.
When to plant remontant raspberries?
A distinctive feature of the remontant raspberry is that it can be planted both in autumn and in spring. In any case, the plant will develop correctly, and each planting period is good in its own way.
autumn planting
So, for example, when raspberries are planted in autumn, which falls approximately in mid-September according to dates and the planting time is extended until the first days of October. The plant gets its own characteristics and advantages.
There is no need to fertilize until it is new. Crop production is fertilized by berry bushes. It should be borne in mind that the branches will not be caught and will deteriorate. The most marsh peat soils are most suitable for swamps. Chickens do not like fresh livestock, so the land is fertilized with perennial manure no later than six months before planting. The soil can be acidified with sulfur powder. The weed must be eradicated throughout the area, especially on perennial weeds. If a large area of blackberries is planted, the land begins to prepare in early autumn.
Firstly, the raspberry bush has time to take root, it is enough to form a root system and even start up new shoots. This is all, of course, if the autumn promises to be warm and does not threaten with early frosts. However, autumn planting may not always be successful in terms of the fact that if snow falls early, frosts begin, the plant, which, as a rule, does not have time to get strong enough, may simply die during the winter. And then, in order to preserve raspberry plantations as much as possible, summer residents have to wrap up and protect the planted bushes in winter.
By spring, the thorn breaks, the weeds die. The biological properties of strawberries are such that their kernels can be planted throughout the vegetation. But from an economic point of view, it is best to do this at a certain time. Of course, the earlier you plant strawberries in the summer, the higher the harvest will be next year. However, the harvest of the first year depends not only on the time of planting, but also on the quality of the shoots. And early early to grow high quality seeds. Often, due to drought, they are strongly rooted, there are very few of them.
In autumn, strawberries are planted until the second decade of September. Plants planted afterwards cannot root sufficiently before winter and often wilt in winter and spring. In the spring such strawberry mold. If you don't plant your strawberries until September of your second decade, set them aside for spring.
However, remontant raspberries planted in autumn will wake up early in spring and immediately begin to grow. She will give her owner a rich and high-quality harvest in summer and autumn!
Spring planting remontant raspberries
When planting remontant raspberries in the spring, they are mainly guided by weather conditions and, of course, the individual characteristics of the climate of a particular area. When the snow melts early and the soil warms up sufficiently to 6-8 ° C, which occurs at the end of April, the beginning of May, gardeners are in a hurry to plant the plant.
Take strawberries only from healthy, purebred elixirs or strawberries planted with the first transplanting herbs. Seedlings must be healthy, free from mite infestation, nematode damage or wilt damage. Planting in summer, the embryo should have at least 3 well-developed leaves, and in spring, seedlings can also be with small fluffy leaves. It has thicker seedlings, is better developed and has more stored nutrients.
Strawberries of different species have the same thickness, but should not be thinner than 5-7 mm, and preferably about 10 mm thick. Prepare and mop the grass in wet, rainy weather. And if you did this job on dry, windy and especially sunny days, be sure to wet them and protect them from direct sunlight. Otherwise, the roots of young microbes quickly become aggravated, and planted seedlings become increasingly difficult to germinate or become completely dry.
Spring planting remontant raspberries has its advantages. The plant will not get sick for a long time, because every day in such a season it becomes warmer and more comfortable. In addition, spring weather will favor rapid sap flow and rapid growth. Before winter, raspberries will have time to get stronger enough to winter well and will not need to be wrapped and carefully protected. Yes and for summer period young bushes will have time to give the owner, albeit not too rich, but an incomparably tasty harvest of the first raspberries!
It is important that the roots of seedlings are kept moist from harvest to planting. Before planting, germination for lunch should be dipped in water to recover. The root is advised to soak up cow dung and clay sap, and to remove some or all of the leaves during times of drought.
How many strawberry crops per hectare depends on the chosen cultivation scheme. Strawberries are grown in rows, strips and carpets. In larger strawberries, tubers are usually planted in lines, because then, using machinery, it is convenient not only to plant them, but also to mechanize their care.
It turns out that you can start planting remontant raspberries both in autumn and in spring. Each planting has its own advantages, which, of course, affects the development and growth of the bush, as well as fruiting!
Berries from mid-summer to autumn frosts - such a miracle gives people. This new form in berry culture has differences not only in fruiting, but also in growth characteristics. Care remontant raspberry spring, summer and autumn has its own distinctive features.
In amateur gardening crafts, small strawberries can be planted in stripes. This creates a whole strawberry carpet, he doesn't need to plant herbs, the berries don't get covered in rain when it rains. Growing carpet strawberries should be optimally planted in well-grooved and weed-free soils.
Otherwise, strawberries will be rare, weeds will grow in empty places, we will need a lot of herbicides or pamper our hands, so the yield of berries will be low. How many microbes need to be planted per 1 ha depends on the selected breeding scheme.
Culture Features
Remontant, as continuous fruiting, has long been known in botany. However, this behavior cannot be achieved from raspberries. Its remontantness is manifested in the ability to bring a double harvest. regular raspberry yields a crop on biennial shoots. Remontant raspberries begin to bear fruit already on annual branches.
Planting distances, m Number of seedlings 1 ha, pcs. Strawberry seedlings are planted a little deeper than the nursery, but at such a depth that the roots of the soil germination do not come out of the ground. Also, don't plant too deep. Strawberries are planted mechanically, often planting seedlings at the bottom of the vor, and splitting or barking, their peak buds are filled with earth, then the seedlings are dirty or completely killed. If this happens, drawers must be opened immediately. It is best to plant strawberries in cool, rainy weather, and if the days are hot and sunny - in the evening, removing any large leaves.
The main question is how to care for remontant raspberries in order to get the maximum yield? To do this, you need to know its biology and agricultural technology.
Remontant properties were manifested in culture more than two centuries ago. Such varieties have become widespread in the southern regions, since prolonged warm weather is required for the maturation of the second autumn crop. For a 100% yield of the crop, the remontant form needs a frost-free period of 160 days.
Place brooms before planting or sowing immediately. To prevent moisture and better gnaw, it is advisable to lean on pebbles. As a rule, strawberries are grown for 3 years, of which 2 years of constitution. Only very beautiful, healthy and not weaned strawberries can be stored for 4 years, of which 3 years of consent. In order to have an equal annual yield of berries, it is necessary to destroy part of the strawberries every year and plant part of the territory with new strawberries.
The berries are picked when they are cut, reddish and take on the color characteristic of the breed. Dessert berries with sepals and stems 10 mm long, without cups for processing. Fatty or slightly suitable carrots are harvested more often - every 2 days, but less crowded and suitable for transport - less often, every 3-4 days.
Breeders paid attention to the development of new varieties of the usual form, remontant raspberries (rhemes) have been waiting for their genius for a long time. And he appeared in Russia. Academician I. Kazakov is engaged in the selection of this particular culture.
Recommendations on how to plant remontant raspberries, how to properly care for them, were compiled by I. Kazakov himself. The technology of growing record yields has been developed for more than thirty years and has been honed to perfection.
The best berries are picked early in the morning, before the weather cools down, and the berries are cold and juicy, because they are picked on a hot day, lose their flavor quickly, lift further transportation poorly, and mutilate faster. Crushed berries should be protected from direct sunlight and rain, stored in a cool room. In larger strawberries, it is recommended to have special freezers even outdoors so that the harvested berries are cooled as soon as possible. In larger strawberries, it is more convenient to pick and remove berries every 100 meters at intersections.
Rem Culture Benefits:
- unsurpassed productivity;
- little affected by pests and diseases;
- the use of pesticides and fungicides is not required;
- large-fruited, keeping quality, excellent taste of berries;
- prolonged consumption of berries;
- ripens on a cut branch;
- bears fruit well in the southern regions;
- productive in the northern regions in greenhouse culture;
- the problem of freezing and winter shelter is excluded, reliable winter hardiness;
- gives a small number of offspring.
Planting and care does not require much labor. This allows plantations to be planted over large areas, receiving significant economic benefits from the sale of seedlings and berries.
The disadvantages of the new berry form are few:
- difficult to breed
- more demanding to care;
- the taste and smell of berries is not as bright as in the usual form.
Landing
The agrotechnology of remontant raspberries differs from the cultivation of the usual form. Huge yields with high-speed growth can only be ensured by a high agrotechnical background. For a successful landing you need:
- loose and fertile land;
- lighting during the day;
- wind protection;
- compliance with crop rotation.
Breeding a new berry crop begins with choosing the right plantation site.
- The first condition for productivity is the choice of a lighted place without shading. Planting along the fence will not bring the desired harvest. The place should be lit by the sun throughout the day.
- The second condition is to provide remontant raspberries with enough heat. To do this, select areas with a suitable microclimate. Or they organize the protection of plantings with high rocker plants, a fence, a wall. In spring, the ground above the bushes is covered with a black film or covered with dark ash to quickly melt the snow and warm the earth early.
- The third condition for favorable is loose soil. To improve the breathability of moisture permeability, peat, sand, humus are added to it. On such soils, remontant raspberries grow faster and expel more offspring.
Plantations are planted in places where there is no spring flooding. Choose areas where groundwater is located no higher than a meter depth.
The new form has deeper and pivotal roots. They are more developed than the superficial urinary ones. From this follows the condition of how to properly prepare the land for planting. it is necessary to the beds, in which the earth is dug up to a depth of two bayonets of a shovel. If half a bucket of humus is poured into the bottom of the planting hole, then the seedling will be resistant to drought and stable yield.
The planting pattern is determined for each variety. Usually, remontant raspberries are planted in spring at a distance of 0.7-0.9 x 1.5-2m. It is impossible to allow thickening of the bush with shoots. For 1 sq. m. they should account for 3-5 pieces.
It is important to observe crop rotation. You can not plant new bushes on the site of an uprooted plantation. Inhibited growth will be at the site of growth of any garden nightshade crops. The best precursor for planting is black fallow or green manure planting.
It is better to plant seedlings in early October or in spring in early April. A tubercle is made in the hole, on which seedlings are planted, the roots are straightened, they are buried and poured 3-5 liters of water under each bush. In dry weather, seedlings are watered again after 10-14 days.
New plantings are mulched with humus with a layer of 5-10 cm.
Important! Container grown seedlings are planted in the garden throughout the growing season.
It is held at the beginning of April, or in the middle of autumn - the end of September. You can transplant adult bushes, rooted replacement shoots and bush offspring.
Care - feeding, processing
Remamas need half the time for growth and fruiting. In addition, their yield is three times higher. Therefore, to obtain a full-fledged harvest, remontant raspberries require careful care. All operations are standard:
- watering;
- top dressing;
- loosening;
- garter.
Watering should be plentiful, but not long. Even a two-hour stagnation of water in the garden leads to the death of small roots. Therefore, it is advisable to water under the root from a bucket, and not turn on automatic watering-sprinkling for several hours. A high layer of mulch helps retain moisture.
After watering, two-year-old seedlings must be fed. At the beginning of summer, for the violent growth of green mass, nitrogen fertilizers are required, at the end of summer, a complex composition is needed. What the gardener decides individually.
It is very good to fertilize the bushes with infusion of bird droppings. It is diluted in a ratio of 1:20, applied twice before fruiting.
Fertilizer applied under the plants does not affect the ripening time and size of the berries. However, their number directly depends on the bait. Rems have twice the normal food intake.
Loosening and weeding the plantation from weeds should be done regularly. Loosening the beds is done carefully, without damaging the roots.
An important agricultural technique is the timely cutting of offspring and shoots.
Rem varieties give such a plentiful harvest that without a trellis, the shoots will lie on the ground. A trellis for remontant raspberries also protects plantings from breakage of shoots by strong winds. Tying should be done at a height of 0.5 m and 1 m, so that the shoots do not sway in the wind.
It is not necessary to treat plantings with chemicals to control pests and diseases. Shoot growth occurs later than the deadline development of the raspberry fly. Fungal and bacterial infections do not have time to gain a foothold, as plantings are destroyed annually. You can process the bushes in the spring with a solution boric acid for foliar feeding.
Autumn care is:
- in pruning the entire above-ground part of the bush in early November;
- cleaning and burning plant residues;
- loosening the soil;
- watering;
- mulching.
Important! In the southern and northern regions, pruning of fruit-bearing branches is done in early spring.
After the information received, even beginner gardeners will have no questions about how to grow a remontant berry on their site.
Harvest
The quality of the harvest of new varieties is fundamentally different from the traditional varieties. The size of the berries increased from 0.5 g in natural species and 2 g in traditional species to 5-15 g in rem. If we take into account that 5 grams of large cherries weigh and 15 grams of plum berries weigh, then we can imagine the effect of appearance rem berries.
The berries have a good and excellent taste, which often depends not only on the variety, but also on the warm autumn. The berries are dense, shiny, of various colors, often do not crumble for a long time.
The average yield is 4-5 kg per bush instead of 1 kg/bush for traditional varieties. Significantly increases the profitability of berry production.
To obtain high yields, the selection of varieties is very important. It is necessary to plant varieties that are suitable for the soil and climatic characteristics of the site. For northern and central regions early ripening is important, for the southern - drought resistance.
Caring for the remontant form includes the timely collection of berries. This can be done once a week, the berries are able to hang on the bushes for a long time without shedding and rotting.
To obtain a significant increase in yield, spring and autumn cover of the plantation with plastic wrap is used. You can install a frame or simply throw a film over the bushes. At the same time, not only the yield increases, but also the quality, the taste of the berries becomes much better.
Important! Planting seedlings in a greenhouse allows you to get a crop in 2 months. Lighting and heating in the greenhouse will ensure the harvest of berries until the New Year. From 1 sq. m. get 3-6 kg of berries.
reproduction
Traditional methods allow propagating remontant raspberries in small quantities. They are used in garden and personal lands:
- division of the bush;
- rooting offspring;
- planting root cuttings;
- cuttings of green shoots of replacement;
- autumn cuttings of stems;
- obtaining green shoots in plastic bags.
Division used when transplanting a bush. An adult bush is divided into 4-5 parts with roots and 1-2 shoots.
Root offspring formed throughout the growing season. If you want to propagate the bush, then they are dug out along with the roots and transplanted into place. They require watering and temporary shading until rooting.
reproduction root cuttings begins in the fall with planting cuttings in loose soil. The planted area is covered with spruce branches. In the spring, the plantings are covered with a film and continue to care for the seedlings. In the fall, they will be ready for transplanting to the beds.
green cuttings rooted in flower pots or schools. Rooting a large number of cuttings is possible in the presence of a greenhouse or greenhouse. They are planted in moist soil, consisting of sand and peat. Cuttings are watered, but not fertilized. At a temperature of + 18-25 ° C and high humidity, they take root in 3 weeks.
Rems give a small number of root suckers and replacement shoots. Therefore, many gardeners have a question, how to propagate in this way, if there is no raw material? The presence of a thick layer of mulch promotes enhanced root development and, consequently, an increase in the number of shoots and offspring.
The spring method of enhancing shoot formation is to cover the row spacing with a film. It helps to warm up the root layer and early awakening of root buds.
Massively, for the sale of seedlings, is carried out in nurseries. To do this, use the following methods:
- Scottish method of rooting green seedlings;
- coppice shoots when removing the central part of the bush;
- micropropagation;
- seed reproduction.
It's not easy, but it's possible for everyone. Having received several dozen seedlings during the year, you can provide yourself with raspberries for the whole year.
Conclusion
The cultivation and care that remontant raspberries require do not differ in complex agricultural technology. It is within the power of both the ordinary gardener and the farmer. How to properly use the national treasure - the latest varieties of remontant raspberries - depends on each of us.
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