Duodenal ulcer symptoms and manifestation. Signs of stomach and duodenal ulcers

• 1Causes of the disease
• 2 Signs of pathology
• 3Diagnostic methods
• 4Therapeutic procedures
• 5Diet therapy
• 6Surgical treatment
• 7Physiotherapy
• 8Therapeutic exercise

1Causes of the disease

Scientists now claim that there are two main reasons for the development of ulcers: duodenum(DPK):

1. Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which over time and under certain factors provokes inflammation and erosion of the walls of the stomach and duodenum. Helicobacter pylori infection occurs from person to person through kissing, sharing dishes, cutlery and personal hygiene items. After entering the stomach, the bacterium begins to actively multiply, producing urease and proteases. These enzymes destroy the protective layer of the walls of the stomach and duodenum, as a result, defects appear in the mucous membrane and peptic ulcer disease begins. Metabolic disorders develop in damaged tissues, mucosal cells do not work properly and produce less mucus.
2. A stomach ulcer develops due to a decrease in the protective properties of the mucous membrane, which is no longer able to withstand the corrosive effect of gastric juice. Increased aggressiveness of pepsin and hydrochloric acid against the background of pathological structural changes in tissues leads to the appearance of defects in the mucous membrane and duodenal ulcers.

Predisposing factors worth considering:

1. Heredity. At the genetic level, parents pass on to their children an excessive number of cells that produce hydrochloric acid or a reduced secretion of protective mucus components.
2. Easily excitable nervous system. Peptic ulcers often occur in people who are easily excitable and tend to keep the effects of stress and problems to themselves.
3. Poor nutrition. It is very harmful to eat dry food and on the run, especially when consuming semi-finished products and fast food. Abuse of spicy, smoked, fried, salty foods and seasonings leads to irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and disruption of the production of gastric juice.
4. Taking analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ibuprofen, Acetylsalicylic acid, Ortofen have a strong irritant effect on the gastric mucosa and duodenum.
5. Bad habits. Heavy smokers and those who like to drink a glass of vodka are also at risk for stomach and duodenal ulcers.

Rare causes of duodenal ulcer are considered to be: amyloidosis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, diseases of the nervous system, HIV infection and germination of pancreatic cancer.

2 Signs of pathology

The first symptoms of a duodenal ulcer are pain that systematically appears in the upper abdomen. A characteristic symptom is pain at night and so-called “hunger” pains, when the patient needs to eat at least crackers for them to subside. With a duodenal ulcer, the symptoms have their own rhythm - pain occurs 1.5-3 hours after eating, when the patient feels hungry, and disappears after eating and antacids (Maalox, Almagel).

Painful sensations are localized above the navel or in the epigastric region. They can radiate to the back, under the shoulder blade and to the heart area. Eating food that does not fit into the diet, excess food, carbonated drinks and alcohol can cause a clear increase in pain.

It is noteworthy that 2-3 hours after eating, patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers experience heartburn. Not all patients experience nausea, vomiting, belching with a sour taste, and constipation.

People suffering from peptic ulcers have a normal or even increased appetite, but they still experience weight loss. Against the background of night hunger and pain, nervousness, poor sleep and unstable mood develop.

In an advanced stage, duodenal ulcer without appropriate treatment can manifest itself by vomiting blood. Blood in the stool is noticed by a change in the color of the stool, it becomes black. The listed signs are a reason for urgent hospitalization, since the patient has internal bleeding, which can be fatal. Please note that the symptoms of an intestinal ulcer do not always appear; without treatment, the mucosal defect will become deeper, and this is dangerous due to perforation, bleeding and blood poisoning.

3Diagnostic methods

1. Endoscopy is the most informative way to examine the internal conditions of the stomach and duodenum. Using endoscopic equipment during esogastroduodenoscopy, the doctor not only sees data on the mucous membrane in an enlarged form on the screen, but can also take a sample of ulcer tissue and a sample of gastric contents for the subsequent detection of Helicobacter Pylori microbes and study of the acidity of gastric juice.
2. The search for Helicobacter Pylori bacteria is carried out in all available biomaterials - blood, feces, vomit and a sample obtained from an endoscopy biopsy.
3. X-ray examination of the duodenum. Currently, the technique is rarely used.
4. Palpation. This method is used by talented diagnosticians to make a preliminary diagnosis.

4Therapeutic procedures

You need to prepare for the fact that treatment of a duodenal ulcer will be long and complex. This includes medication, diet, physiotherapy, exercise therapy and systematic spa treatment.

How to treat a duodenal ulcer in the acute stage? The answer is clear - in a hospital setting.

To relieve pain and speed up scarring of the ulcer, the patient requires bed rest, complete emotional peace and a strict diet.

The treatment regimen is drawn up in accordance with the identified pathologies and test results. If Helicobacter bacteria are found on the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, emphasis will be placed on the use of antibiotics to destroy microorganisms.

In general, treatment of duodenal ulcers includes the following groups of drugs:

1. Antibiotics and antiprotozoal agents aimed at inhibiting the vital activity of Helicobacter pylori. These drugs include Metronidazole, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin.
2. Complex preparations containing bismuth subnitrate or bismuth subcitrate - De-nol, Vikair, Vikalin. They have a bactericidal effect on Helicobacter pylori and promote the formation of a protective film on the walls of the stomach and duodenum. In addition, these drugs contain magnesium salts, which reduce the acidity of gastric juice and reduce the activity of pepsin.
3. Antisecretory drugs designed to reduce the production and reduce the aggressiveness of gastric juice. This group included proton pump inhibitors (Pariet, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole), H2-histamine receptor blockers (Roxatidine, Ranitidine, Nizatidine, Famotidine, Kvamatel), drugs blocking M-cholinergic receptors (Gastrocepin, Buscopan, Pirenzepine).
4. Prokinetics are drugs that improve the motility of the stomach and intestines; treatment with Trimedat simultaneously relieves the tone of the esophagus and affects the receptors of the large intestine, which leads to rapid emptying. Cerucal and Motilium help get rid of nausea and vomiting, epigastric pain, heartburn, belching, early feeling of fullness in the abdomen, etc.
5. Antacids (Maalox, Almagel, Phosphalugel, Keal) reduce stomach acidity, adsorb excess acid and gases, coat the walls of the stomach and intestines, thereby reducing pain in the upper abdomen for several hours.
6. Gastroprotectors (Sucralfate, Venter) accelerate the healing of peptic ulcers of the intestines and stomach, protect the gastric mucosa and duodenum from the effects of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Venter reduces the activity of pepsin by almost 1/3, but does not affect the acidity of gastric juice. The active ingredient of both drugs, Sucralfate, binds to proteins at the site of the ulcer, resulting in the formation protective film. Thus, the medicine speeds up the restoration of damaged tissue, accelerating the scarring process, and prevents the development of relapses of peptic ulcer disease.
7. Auxiliary medications - antispasmodics and analgesics: Baralgin relieves spasms of the stomach and intestines and reduces pain. Drotaverine eliminates spasm of smooth muscles and relieves spastic pain by expanding the lumen of blood vessels and improving the supply of oxygen to tissues.
8. Means for improving the nutrition of the intestinal mucosa. The most commonly prescribed are B vitamins and Actovegin. The latter remedy has a stimulating effect on metabolism and the process of absorption of nutrients, and also increases blood supply.

5Diet therapy

How to treat a duodenal ulcer is now clear. There are a lot of medications, so the prescription should only be made by a doctor. Please note that diet plays an important role in the treatment of peptic ulcers. It should exclude chemical, mechanical and thermal irritation of the stomach and duodenum. During an exacerbation, special diet No. 1 is indicated, which involves split meals in small portions, that is, 5-6 times a day. It includes lean boiled meat and fish, unleavened dairy products, pureed boiled vegetables (not containing insoluble plant fiber), boiled, baked or pureed fruits and berries, liquid cereal porridge, yesterday's white bread, rosehip decoction, as well as cocoa with milk, weak tea and coffee.

The ban applies to pickled, salted, smoked and fried foods, canned food, sour berries and fruits, fermented milk products, bran, legumes, cabbage, beets, radishes, fatty meat and fish, strong coffee, sour fruit juices and carbonated drinks. . Food should be warm; hot and cold foods are contraindicated for patients.

6Surgical treatment

If an intestinal or gastric ulcer is perforated, bleeding appears, or stenosis of the duodenal pylorus develops, urgent surgical intervention is required. Surgical treatment of ulcers is recommended for patients whose benign ulcer has not healed after 4 months of conservative therapy.

7Physiotherapy

At the acute stage, physiotherapy increases the effectiveness of medications. Thus, ultrasound and microwave therapy, electrophoresis with papaverine and novocaine relieve pain and reduce the production of gastric juice.

Modulated sinusoidal currents are used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. All of these procedures improve blood circulation in the digestive system.

8Therapeutic exercise

Simple physical therapy exercises help normalize the secretory function of the duodenum, as well as improve motility and overall blood supply to the intestines. Exercise therapy is useful for people after inpatient treatment and prolonged bed rest.

Patients with peptic ulcer disease can undergo specialized treatment in resort-type sanatoriums Morshyn, Kvitka Polonyny (in Transcarpathia), Truskavets, Borjomi, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk. In normal times, people with stomach and duodenal ulcers are recommended to drink mineral water from Jermuk, Borjomi, Essentuki No. 4. Duodenal ulcer is treated with a whole range of measures; trust the prescription of medications to an experienced doctor, but remember that diet is very important for recovery.

Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease that results in the destruction of the mucous membrane of the digestive organs and the formation of ulcers. Depending on their location, ulcers of the intestine, stomach and duodenum are distinguished.

Signs of a stomach ulcer

This disease is chronic. It is characterized by the formation of ulcers in the gastric mucosa. It is more often observed in men under 50 years of age. What are the signs of a stomach ulcer you need to know?

1. Pain for a long time. They may not stop for weeks, months, and sometimes last for six months. If you don’t get examined, you may notice that pain appears in spring and autumn. They are absent in summer and winter.
2. Periodic spasms of the pylorus.
3. Constant irritation of the ulcerated organ walls with acid.
4. Colic of moderate intensity, accompanied by aching pain. It is felt after eating. If there is nothing to eat, it subsides.
5. Stomach and intestinal ulcers make themselves felt in rainy and windy weather.
6. The pain intensifies due to quarrels, scandals and stress.
7. They can be triggered by excessive positive emotions.
8. Diseases of the joints, respiratory organs, and colds cause pain after treatment with appropriate medications.
9. Signs of an opening of a stomach ulcer are always noticeable. The patient experiences constant excruciating pain, which is accompanied by frequent vomiting. After it comes temporary relief.
10. Internal tension and irritability appear.

For some people, stomach ulcers are painless. And if it does exist, it is classified as another disease.

Stomach ulcer: treatment

Treatment of the duodenum using folk methods

1. To heal the ulcers, you should take a teaspoon of sea buckthorn oil three times a day. You can eat a mixture prepared from cocoa powder in the amount of 50 grams, 2 raw eggs, 100 grams of butter and 50 grams of honey. One teaspoon is enough. During this time, the patient should be provided with five meals a day.
2. In case of exacerbation of the disease, a collection of yarrow, calendula, chamomile, knotweed, celandine, St. John's wort, flax seeds and dill, marshmallow and elecampane roots helps well. Herbs are crushed and mixed in equal proportions. A tablespoon of the prepared mixture is poured into half a liter cold water, insist night. In the morning, as soon as it boils, remove the broth from the heat and steam for another 40 minutes in a water bath. Then it is infused for two hours and filtered. Drink a quarter glass of tincture before eating.
3. During treatment with herbal decoction, you need to drink activated charcoal after meals. And two hours later - sodium bicarbonate, but not more than ten days and two grams per dose.

Duodenal ulcer: signs

If you know the signs of a stomach and intestinal ulcer, you can promptly consult a doctor for examination and diagnosis. On early stage any disease can be successfully treated.

The signs are:

1. Pain on an empty stomach. They are felt in the upper abdomen and can radiate to the chest area. They are aching in nature and go away immediately after eating food or water in small quantities. A person feels signs of a duodenal ulcer even at night, when pain suddenly occurs. To relieve it, the patient is forced to wake up and eat something.
2. Bloating.
3. Stomach upset: diarrhea or constipation.
4. Frequent heartburn and sour belching.
5. Pain when pressing on the stomach.
6. In severe cases, signs of a duodenal ulcer always cause great concern. The listed symptoms are accompanied by vomiting blood. Blood can also be found in stool.
7. This disease has seasonal exacerbations.

It is very important to identify signs of stomach and intestinal ulcers in time. In some cases, the disease occurs without any symptoms. This is typical for older people. If the ulcer is not treated, complications arise. Bleeding and a perforated ulcer may open. It spreads to neighboring organs, and peritonitis begins to develop.

Treatment of duodenal ulcers

1. The uncomplicated form of the disease is treated at home under the supervision of a doctor.
2. If complications arise, the patient is hospitalized in the surgical department of the hospital. During an exacerbation, the diet is strictly followed. Spicy and irritating foods are excluded.

   

3. It is very important to destroy pathogens during the treatment of ulcers. For this, the patient undergoes eradication therapy. He also takes antibiotics for a week. Then a re-examination is carried out. If the signs of an intestinal ulcer have not disappeared, treatment continues according to a different regimen.
4. To heal ulcers on the mucous membrane, the patient takes rosehip or sea buckthorn oil.
5. To relieve severe pain, medications that eliminate spasms are prescribed.
6. Physiotherapeutic methods are used.
7. If conservative treatment does not produce results, surgical intervention is used.

Intestinal ulcer: signs

The most common place where ulcers appear is the duodenum. Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid. It helps digest food and kills bacteria that cause pain. Acid is a caustic substance.



1. Signs of an intestinal ulcer become noticeable when the balance of acid and mucus, which protects the lining of the stomach and intestines from damage, is disrupted.
2. When the gastrointestinal tract is affected, the human psyche changes. He is constantly afraid that the pain will recur, that exacerbation and a long stay in the hospital are possible again. The patient begins to visit doctors and consult with everyone. Eventually, he develops insomnia and disruption of daytime activities.
3. Signs of intestinal ulcers are more difficult to detect in a child than in an adult. Children often carefully hide them, because they do not like to be examined, much less stay in the hospital.
4. People with diseases of the intestines and stomach experience constant stool upset. Usually it is not pronounced and may be completely absent for several days. Signs of stomach and intestinal ulcers are more noticeable during an exacerbation. Stool upset, along with pain, is the main complaint of patients.
5. Frequent constipation with pain in the colon area. It is the intestinal walls that are irritated by the contents, which is why the spasm occurs. In addition to stool retention, there is a decrease in stool quantity.
6. Gastric and intestinal ulcers are also characterized by unstable stools. Symptoms of peptic ulcer gastrointestinal tract specific, they cannot be confused with anything else

Intestinal ulcer: treatment

If intestinal diseases are confirmed, you should immediately switch to healthy eating. To do this, you need to reduce dairy products and fiber content in your diet. Remember: low-residue diets do not cure intestinal ulcers. But they reduce the frequency of bowel movements and may influence symptoms.

The main thing in treating ulcers of this organ is to relieve inflammation, which will eliminate the symptoms and allow the tissues to recover. Once they are under control, all efforts must be directed toward suppressing outbreaks. They are eliminated with drugs. First, the doctor prescribes gentle treatment. If it does not help, therapy continues with aggressive means. When conservative treatment methods do not lead to recovery, surgical methods are used.

Esophageal ulcer: signs

This disease has several names:

1. A peptic ulcer develops in the digestive tract. Its occurrence is facilitated by the aggressive effects of gastric juice, which includes pepsin and hydrochloric acid. Presumably, the disease develops when some of the stomach contents, hydrochloric acid and pepsin, are thrown into the esophagus. The mucous membrane is damaged because it does not have proper protection. But no one knows the exact causes of esophageal ulcers.
2. A symptomatic ulcer occurs when the esophagus is affected by: infection, medications, trauma, burns.



There are acute and chronic ulcers of the esophagus. Signs by which the disease can be recognized:

1. Pain behind the chest. It usually occurs during meals, sometimes after meals. It is much more intense when a person lies or bends over.
2. Food enters the oral cavity from the esophagus.
3. Frequent regurgitation occurs, which is called esophageal vomiting. This occurs when the esophagus narrows.

Esophageal ulcer: treatment

Any treatment for this disease begins with diet. During an exacerbation, food should be liquid, chilled and pureed. Spicy, sour, irritating foods and dishes made from them are strictly prohibited.

1. Treatment is carried out with astringents and mucus-forming drugs that stimulate the lining of the esophagus.
2. An anti-diarrhea drug is prescribed.
3. Physiotherapeutic procedures are carried out.
4. If treatment continued for a long time, but there was no improvement, surgical intervention is used. In case of complications, surgery is performed.

Perforated ulcer: causes

This disease is a consequence of severe complications, which result in the development of peritonitis. How does this happen? A through ulcer appears in the walls of the stomach or intestines. The contents exit into the peritoneal cavity. This disease is typical for older people. What contributes to its development?

1. Alcoholic drinks.
2. Great emotional and physical activity.
3. Unbalanced diet, consumption of salty, pickled, smoked, sour, spicy foods.
4. Damage to the mucous membrane during probing of the organ.

Signs of stomach and intestinal ulcers will help establish the correct diagnosis and begin treatment on time.

Perforated ulcer: signs

1. Severe sharp pain.
2. The urge to vomit.
3. The person turns pale, becomes very weak and dizzy. He breaks out in a cold sweat.
4. If you lie down with your legs pressed to your stomach, the pain subsides.



After 5-6 hours there will be improvement. The acute ones will stop painful sensations. The person will feel relief. But it is at this time that peritonitis usually occurs. It is characterized by a bloated abdomen, fever, and tachycardia. Signs of perforation of a stomach ulcer are similar to renal colic or appendicitis. You should immediately contact medical care. Lost time poses a threat to human life.

Perforated ulcer: treatment

This disease is treated surgical method. With its help, the defect is eliminated. The key to a patient’s recovery after surgery is the correct treatment.

1. Maintaining bed rest.
2. Meals are strictly based on a therapeutic diet. It will eliminate inflammation and help the stomach recover.
3. Consumption of liquid, salt and simple carbohydrates in strictly limited quantities.

Diet in the postoperative period

1. Three days after the operation, the patient can drink still mineral water, weakly brewed tea or some lightly sweetened fruit jelly.
2. In the following days you can: drink a little decoction of rose hips. Eat a couple of soft-boiled eggs and a small portion of heavily boiled and pureed rice or buckwheat porridge, liquid puree soup from pureed vegetables.
3. When 8-10 days have passed after the operation, pureed vegetables and steamed meat or fish cutlets are added to the diet.
4. After a month, you can add a little day-old bread to your diet. Under no circumstances should you eat fresh baked goods!
5. After two - a little kefir and sour cream.

The patient’s menu should not include: baked goods, spicy, smoked and salty dishes. The use of marinades, canned food, sausages, kidneys, liver, and lungs is contraindicated. Eliminate cocoa, coffee, chocolate, jam, honey from your diet. You should not eat mushrooms, cabbage, onions, garlic, sorrel, spinach, radishes. To fully recover, you need to give up alcohol, carbonated drinks, and ice cream.

When four months have passed, you can little by little, with the permission of your doctor, add previously prohibited foods to your diet.

Friends, hello everyone!

We continue the topic of digestive diseases. I will talk about one of the most fraught diseases with complications - peptic ulcer disease. Without treatment, ulcers develop into cancer, there is a danger of internal bleeding and the formation of holes in the tissue of the stomach or intestines, and in most cases this is peritonitis and death.

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Why is the risk of complications high? Unfortunately, people often do not attach importance to stomach diseases. I have many friends who brush it off, saying, just think, everyone has gastritis. And they throw in another painkiller pill.

Therefore, today I will tell you how to recognize the first signs of stomach and duodenal ulcers, what are the features of these diseases, why they are dangerous, and briefly about the main directions of treatment.

Ulcer, show yourself

How can you suspect that you have an ulcer? Essentially, the main factors here are: you suffer from gastritis or duodenitis and are not treated properly. If these two points are present, we can assume that the ulcer is guaranteed.
Most often, the ulcerative process simultaneously affects both the stomach and duodenum. Let's see what signs will first indicate that an ulcer has begun to develop:

1. In the stomach:

• Pain just below the solar plexus. She is quite stable and strong. It appears mainly when you want to eat - “hunger pain”, and after eating, on average, an hour later. Also, almost everyone who has a stomach ulcer has woken up in severe pain in the middle of the night.
• Feeling of heaviness. Maybe even before meals, on an empty stomach. It gets worse after eating, even though you ate very little.
• Heartburn. It appears when acidic stomach juice enters the esophagus. Normally, it should not leave the stomach. However, if acidity is increased, then the sphincter, which separates the stomach from the esophagus, is constantly irritated and cannot work fully.
• Belching sour. Also due to increased acidity.
• Nausea. The vagus nerve runs from the head and through the stomach. And with severe pain in the stomach, it causes attacks of nausea. And there is one peculiarity here: after vomiting, relief comes, the pain may go away completely.

2. In the duodenum:

• Pain in the navel area. Only now it occurs after eating, after 2 hours
• Frequent hunger. There's one here interesting feature. Men have peptic ulcers much more often than women. And it turns out that men with ulcers give the impression of eternally hungry critics: they want to eat, but as soon as they start, their appetite disappears (at the level of reflexes they remember that pain will begin after eating). Wives, and even men themselves, begin to take this to account for the culinary abilities of the hostess. And the casket simply opened. 🙂
• Flatulence. This is different from a stomach ulcer. Here, in addition to other dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, belching), gases and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen are also added.
• Vomit. It sounds terrible, of course, but if vomiting occurs with a duodenal ulcer, then this is due to feces. Not as formed as we are used to seeing them, of course - liquid, with the smell of gastric juice. But still.

Well, there are common symptoms of ulcers

Firstly, this is a condition of the oral cavity: bad teeth with corroded enamel due to frequent vomiting and high acidity of the vomit; there is a coating in the center of the tongue. Externally, you can still notice cracks in the corners of the mouth.
Secondly If the ulcer bleeds, the stool becomes black. When vomiting, this is manifested by the fact that the vomit resembles coffee grounds.
AND, thirdly, weight loss. Even if excess weight No. This is partly due to the fact that pain causes loss of appetite, and also due to the fact that nutrients from food are less absorbed.
Among other things, during exacerbation, ulcers often appear, which disappear when the acute period begins to subside.

What causes ulcerations?

Harsh Turn: Complications

As I said at the beginning of the article, very often people do not pay attention to stomach problems. And if they do, they are afraid of diagnosis. For example, gastroscopy is a rather unpleasant procedure, but without it an accurate diagnosis cannot be made.

How such irresponsibility can result:

1. Bleeding
2. Stenosis of the gastroesophageal sphincter (the opening between the stomach and intestines). In this case, food cannot move from the stomach further into the intestines. And I have to have surgery.
3. Perforation of the wall of the stomach or duodenum. In other words, a hole is formed through which everything we eat gets into the abdominal cavity or even into a neighboring organ (pancreas). There it all rots and peritonitis develops. And a person has no more than a day to sound the alarm. And here only emergency surgery can save you.

These are the serious consequences that can arise. Therefore, we will definitely start treatment.

Control and prevention

To avoid ulcers, we try to cure gastritis in time and go to the doctor. What to do if the disease is already developing?

Diet first

During exacerbation, table No. 1 is indicated:

The most gentle nutrition in terms of composition, structure, and temperature. That is, nothing that stimulates acidity - fresh vegetables, fruits, coffee, tea, fresh yeast baked goods, strong broths, legumes, cabbage (and other sour vegetables: turnips, cucumbers, radishes, onions), alcohol, cigarettes.

Well, of course, fatty, fried, spicy, pickles, smoked foods, sweets - no options. At the same time, we boil everything and wipe it as for babies. And the temperature is as flexible as possible.

For medications, doctors prescribe antibiotics and drugs to normalize the acidity of gastric juice, and sometimes sedatives.

It is very useful to drink mineral water: Narzan, Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17. Herbal decoctions also help relieve inflammation: fireweed, chamomile, rose hips, tansy, aloe and yarrow tinctures.

Doctors almost always recommend visiting sanatorium-resort places, especially mineral waters. And this is the Caucasus, Abkhazia, the famous Kislovodsk.

Since the times of Tsarist Russia, a tradition began to receive treatment there; people recognized the healing properties of the purest Caucasian springs and fresh mountain air. Kings and those close to the throne regularly came to treat their stress-irritated stomachs.

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This is an excellent tradition, fortunately now there are all the opportunities for such trips.
Maybe not everyone can go to the Caucasus, but throughout Russia there are similar sanatoriums located in forests and mountains.

Beauty... They heal the body and soul, that's what they say, right?

Therefore, may there be peace in your soul, and may your digestion respond with gratitude.

Share with us in the comments your favorite healing places, resorts, and sanatoriums.

Tell your friends about the article, get a plus for your karma!

Content

Among diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, duodenal ulcers are especially common. About 10% of the population suffers from this disease, and the pathology is observed in men 2 times more often than in women. More often, the disease occurs in a chronic form, which is characterized by alternating periods of remission and exacerbation. The latter occur in spring or autumn. Pathology can be caused by bacteria. A common cause is poor nutrition. Regardless of the etiology, treatment of duodenal ulcers has several general principles.

What is duodenal ulcer

This disease is a lesion of the duodenum, which is accompanied by the formation of an ulcer on the mucous membrane of the organ and the subsequent formation of a scar. According to statistics, the pathology is observed in young and middle-aged people from 25 to 50 years. The duodenum is the initial section of the small intestine, which has the following main characteristics:

• originates from the pylorus of the stomach and ends, flowing into the jejunum;
• consists of 12 diameters of the finger, which is why it is called the duodenum;
• This section of the intestine reaches 4.7 cm in diameter and 30 cm in length.

There are several sections of the duodenum (DU): upper, descending, horizontal, ascending. Everyone is involved in digestion. In general, the DPC performs the following functions:

• Secretory, which ensures the secretion of intestinal juice with enzymes and hormones involved in digestion.
• Motor, which consists in the final digestion of fats and carbohydrates.
• Evacuation, which involves moving food to the next sections of the intestine.

When an ulcer develops, these functions are disrupted and digestive problems develop. The intestinal wall consists of several membranes: serous, muscular and mucous. An ulcer develops not only on the surface of the mucosa, which distinguishes it from erosive lesions. As the disease progresses, it can affect deeper and deeper layers of the intestinal walls, which can lead to perforation, severe bleeding and even death.

Reasons

The gastrointestinal tract is in a state of delicate balance between the production of aggressive hydrochloric acid and the action of protective mechanisms that prevent digestive juices from digesting the walls of the organs. There are factors that shift this balance towards the influence of acids. The most common cause of this deviation is the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori. It is found in 80% of patients, but is not the cause of ulcer development in every case. The following actions of this microorganism lead to the formation of ulcerations:

• production of specific enzymes during reproduction: protease, urease;
• release of ammonia, which increases acidity.

In addition to the pathogenic effect of this bacterium, there are several other reasons for the development of duodenal ulcers. Their list includes the following diseases and conditions:

• chronic fatigue, stress;
• hereditary predisposition, in which the number of cells synthesizing hydrochloric acid is increased or the secretion of gastric mucus components is reduced;
• increased acidity of gastric juice, which, when it enters the duodenum, irritates its mucous membrane;
• duodenitis ( chronic inflammation in the duodenum);
• long-term use of painkillers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory or antibacterial drugs;
• smoking, alcohol abuse;
• poor nutrition with an abundance of salty, sour, spicy foods in the diet;
• gastrin-producing tumor.

Classification

There are many classifications of duodenal ulcer. One of the criteria for identifying the types of this pathology is the frequency of exacerbations, taking into account which the following are distinguished:

• duodenal ulcer with frequent manifestations, in which exacerbations occur at least once a year;
• duodenal ulcer with rare relapses, which are observed no more than once every 2 years.

One or more ulcerations may appear on the duodenal mucosa. In the first case, a single ulcer is diagnosed, in the second - multiple. The mucosal defect can be located in the bulbous part - the site of expansion of the duodenum, or in its post-bulb part. Taking into account the depth of damage to the organ walls, deep and superficial ulcers are distinguished. Taking into account the state of the defect, the pathology is divided into several stages: active exacerbation, remission and scarring. According to the broadest classification, taking into account the cause, peptic ulcer disease is divided into the following types:

• Stressful. Associated with depression, stress and strong psycho-emotional experiences.
• Shock. Develops as a result of burns, bruises or other injuries.
• Hormonal. Formed as a result of long-term medication use.

Symptoms of duodenal ulcer

The disease may not make itself felt for a long time. At an early stage, signs of a duodenal ulcer include only minor digestive problems and discomfort in the upper abdomen. The last symptom is observed in 75% of patients. As the disease progresses, pain and dyspeptic syndromes develop. The nature of pain with a duodenal ulcer varies. Their intensity is insignificant in approximately half of the patients. The remaining patients suffer from severe pain, having the following distinctive features:

• appears 1.5-2 hours after eating food;
• often develops at night, which is associated with increased secretion of hydrochloric acid after dinner;
• has a piercing, cutting, compressive nature;
• localized in the upper abdomen on the right or center;
• may have a “hungry” character, i.e. occur after prolonged fasting and go away after eating;
• decreases as a result of taking antacids.

Second characteristic feature duodenal ulcer is dyspeptic syndrome. It leads to loss of appetite and weight loss. Against the background of these signs, the patient may complain of the following symptoms:

• nausea, vomiting;
• bloating that cannot be relieved even with the most powerful medications;
• constipation (defecation may be absent for up to a week);
• heartburn;
• blood in the stool;
• belching.

Symptoms of exacerbation

The signs of duodenal ulcer appear more clearly during the period of exacerbation. The difference between this stage of pathology is the appearance of almost all of the listed symptoms, which torment a person continuously for several days or even weeks. More often, exacerbation occurs in spring or autumn. Pain and discomfort in this case are of the following nature:

• arise in the upper part of the navel and “below the stomach” - exactly in the center of the junction of the ribs above the stomach;
• pain radiates to the back and heart, which distorts the idea of ​​the source of the symptom;
• appear on an empty stomach, and subside after eating.

During an attack, a person tries to lean forward, bend and press his legs to his stomach. This helps to somehow reduce the pain. The patient complains to the doctor that he cannot sleep at night due to such long and severe attacks. In addition to pain, during an exacerbation other signs of duodenal ulcers often appear:

• nausea, profuse vomiting;
• belching sour;
• flatulence;
• chronic constipation lasting several weeks.

Possible complications

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum is dangerous because it can lead to severe and even fatal complications. Their common name is acute abdomen, which represents a complex of symptoms in which serious damage to the abdominal organs has occurred. Such complications include the following dangerous conditions:

• Ulcer penetration. It is a deep defect in which ulceration penetrates into adjacent organs: pancreas, liver. Accompanied by acute peritonitis.
• Perforation (perforation) of the ulcer. This leads to penetration of the contents of the duodenum into the abdominal cavity and inflammation - peritonitis. The main symptom is acute stabbing pain in the abdomen.
• Ulcer malignancy. This is a rare complication that involves malignancy of the mucosal cells at the site of the ulcer.
• Duodenal stenosis. Formed as a result of swelling of damaged mucosa or scar formation. This prevents chyme from moving further through the intestines, causing intestinal obstruction.
• Bleeding from an ulcer. Occurs when the walls of the vessel in the area of ​​ulceration are corroded. This condition is indicated by the presence of blood in the stool.
• Periduodenitis. Develops when inflammatory process reaches the serous membrane of the duodenum.

Diagnostics

The first stage of diagnosis is collecting a history of the disease. The doctor asks the patient how often the pain occurs, its location and nature. An important indicator is the time of onset of pain – whether it appears after eating and what helps to get rid of it. To confirm the diagnosis, the following procedures are performed:

1. General blood and urine analysis. Helps identify the inflammatory process in the body. The hemoglobin level indirectly indicates bleeding.
2. Determination of antibodies to Helicobacter Pylori. If they are identified, then this bacterium is the cause of the disease.
3. PH-metry. This is a procedure to determine the acidity of gastric juice.
4. X-ray examination. Helps identify the location of the ulcer and complications such as penetration, duodenal stenosis, perforation.
5. Endoscopic examination. Also called fibrogastroduodenoscopy. It involves inserting an endoscope through the mouth into the intestinal cavity, making it possible to identify the exact position and size of the ulcer.
6. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen of the duodenal mucosa. The material is collected during fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

Treatment

Duodenal ulcer requires an integrated approach to treatment. To confirm the diagnosis, you need to consult a gastroenterologist. Based on analyzes and instrumental studies, the specialist will prescribe effective treatment. Standard scheme therapy includes the following activities:

1. Taking medications. Medicines are selected taking into account the cause of the peptic ulcer. The drugs help reduce the aggressiveness of gastric juice, get rid of Helicobacter Pylori, and improve duodenal motility.
2. Diet. Aimed at protecting WPC from thermal, mechanical and chemical influences.
3. Surgical intervention. Indicated for the development of complications of peptic ulcer disease.
4. Traditional medicine. Used as an adjuvant treatment to reduce symptoms of the disease.

Treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers with medications

During an exacerbation, treatment is carried out in a hospital setting. The patient is prescribed bed rest and emotional rest. Expansion of the regimen is possible from the second week of stay in the clinic. Treatment of duodenal ulcers with medications is determined taking into account the cause of the disease and symptoms. The doctor prescribes the following groups of drugs:

• Antisecretory: H2-histamine receptor blockers (Famotidine, Ranitidine, Cimetidine), proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole, Nexium, Pariet). Reduces the aggression of gastric juice.
• Antibacterial and antiprotozoal: Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline. Inhibits the life activity of Helicobacter pylori.
• Prokinetics: Trimetad, Cerucal, Motilium. Eliminate nausea and vomiting, improve duodenal motility.
• Antacids: Maalox, Phosphalugel, Almagel, Vikalin. Helps get rid of heartburn, neutralizes hydrochloric acid.
• Gastroprotective: Venter, De-nol. They envelop the mucous membrane of the duodenum, due to which it suffers less from the effects of hydrochloric acid.

Conservative treatment can also be carried out at home. Most patients have to take medications in courses throughout their lives, depending on the frequency of exacerbations. Judging by the reviews, the following medications are effective:

1. De-nol. Contains bismuth tripotassium dicitrate. It has gastroprotective and antiulcer effects. Advantage – it additionally exhibits antibacterial properties. Helps relieve symptoms of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Dosage – 1 tablet 4 times a day or 2 tablets, 2 times a day. Taking time: half an hour before meals. Side effects of the drug: nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased bowel movements. Contraindications: age under 4 years, pregnancy, renal failure, lactation.
2. Almagel. Contains algeldrate, benzocaine, magnesium hydroxide. The main effect is to reduce the activity of gastric juice during food digestion. Indications for use: gastritis, enteritis, peptic ulcer, duodenitis, reflux esophagitis. You need to take the medication half an hour before meals, 1-3 dosage spoons up to 3-4 times a day. Contraindications: kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, taking sulfonamides, age less than 6 months. Adverse reactions: constipation, epigastric pain, vomiting, stomach cramps, nausea, drowsiness. The advantage is that even with long-term therapy it does not provoke the formation of stones in the urinary system.

Surgical treatment

This radical method of treatment is rarely used, only in case of complications: ulcer perforation, intestinal bleeding or severe stenosis of the duodenal pylorus. An indication for surgery is the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy when the defect does not heal within 4 months. Surgical treatment of ulcers is carried out using one of the following methods:

1. Resection. It is the excision of individual sections of the gastrointestinal tract where ulcers are present.
2. Vagotomy. During this operation, a branch of the vagus nerve is cut, which controls the process of stimulating gastric secretion.
3. Gastroenterostomy. It consists of creating a connection between the stomach and the small intestine, bypassing the duodenum and pylorus.

Diet

A patient with duodenal ulcer must adhere to a diet throughout his life. This helps reduce the frequency of exacerbations of pathology. A gentle therapeutic diet No. 1 has been specially developed for patients with ulcers. It involves split meals - up to 5-6 times a day in small portions of 200 g. Recommended products are presented in the following list:

• lean fish - perch, pike perch;
• meat – chicken, veal, rabbit;
• dried bread;
• light vegetable soups;
• vegetables - beets, potatoes, carrots, zucchini;
• fruits;
• olive and sea buckthorn oils;
• dairy products;
• porridge – oatmeal, buckwheat, rice;
• mint and lemon balm tea;
• mineral water Essentuki No. 4, Borjomi.

Cooked food should be warm (neither hot nor cold). Foods need to be boiled, stewed or baked. The dish will be healthier if you puree the ingredients to make it easier to digest. The following foods should be completely eliminated from the diet:

• fried, salty, spicy;
• pork;
• citrus;
• tomatoes;
• smoked meats;
• canned food;
• sauerkraut, tomatoes, cucumbers;
• rye bread;
• sour berries with thick skin;
• soda, coffee.

Traditional treatment

Alternative medicine has several recipes, the use of which helps to significantly improve the condition of peptic ulcer disease, especially during exacerbation. It is important to understand that folk remedies are only an auxiliary treatment method that does not guarantee recovery. Before using them, you should also consult your doctor. List of effective folk remedies treatment of duodenal ulcers:

1. Take equal proportions of dandelion root and elecampane, chicory and shepherd's purse. Pour a tablespoon of herbal mixture into 400 ml of cold water. Leave for an hour, then boil for 10 minutes. Before taking, strain the product. Consume 2 tbsp before each meal. l.
2. Grind about 150 g of propolis and pour in melted butter (1 kg). Place in a water bath, stir until a homogeneous consistency is obtained. Take 1 hour before meals, 1 tsp. decoction up to 3 times a day. The course of treatment should last 30 days.
3. Brew 10 g of plantain with 100 ml of boiling water. Infuse the product for about half an hour. Drink 1 hour before eating 1 tbsp. l. Repeat the procedure up to 3 times per day.

Prevention

Measures for the prevention of duodenal ulcer are aimed at preventing the development of Helicobacter pylori infection and increased secretion of hydrochloric acid. To this end, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• quit smoking and alcohol;
• exclude spicy, fatty, salty foods from the diet;
• avoid emotional stress;
• use clean dishes;
• treat chronic gastritis or duodenitis;
• do not take medications without a doctor's prescription.

Video

An ulcer is a disease that causes damage to the gastric mucosa. It refers to chronic diseases.

People of all ages suffer from ulcers, but in most cases, those at risk are between the ages of 20 and 50. Exacerbations occur in spring and autumn.

There are several types of ulcers. Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers should be carried out in a timely manner.

Symptoms

The first signs appear as follows: the appearance of acute pain in the stomach, which can radiate to the lumbar region.

If there is a stomach ulcer, painful sensations occur, in most cases, after eating, and with a duodenal ulcer they appear on an “empty” stomach or at night.

Sometimes additional nausea, vomiting or heartburn occurs. Very often with this disease a person experiences constipation.

If you have a stomach or duodenal ulcer, bleeding and black stool may occur.

There are also so-called “silent” ulcers. It passes, in most cases, with certain symptoms and is detected for a much longer time. later when bleeding occurs.

Symptoms of stomach and duodenal ulcers are the same for all patients. This is constant intense pain in the stomach area. They can bother the patient for a very long time.

Exacerbations occur in the spring-autumn period. Ulcer pain occurs due to cramps in the stomach and irritation of the stomach wall where the ulcers are located.

They can be of varying intensity, depending on the duration of the disease and the degree of damage to the organ.

Reasons for appearance

Stressful situations play the most important role in the occurrence of stomach and duodenal ulcers.

They contribute to a decrease in the protective properties of the body, poor circulation and spasms in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Improper nutrition leads to the fact that hydrochloric acid does not eliminate bacteria from food, but begins to damage the walls of its own stomach.

That is, the problem is in work internal organs lies in the fact that gastric juice begins to have an adverse effect and an imbalance occurs between the factors of aggression and the protective properties of the stomach.

Other reasons that lead to ulcers:

1. Having bad habits.
2. Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. For example, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, duodenitis.
3. Poor nutrition.
4. If a person has been using medications for a long time. Especially if these are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Stomach ulcers may occur due to side effect from taking pills.
5. Heredity.
6. The presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Nine out of ten people suffer from duodenal ulcers for this reason.

In medicine, there is such a diagnosis as symptomatic peptic ulcers.

They appear as a result of stressful situations, disruption of the nervous system, liver cirrhosis, burns, kidney failure. This disease is very rare.

Diagnostics

The most effective method In order for diagnostics to be carried out - fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

Using a visual examination of the gastric mucosa, you can determine the presence of a stomach ulcer, as well as take a biopsy of the mucosa to determine the presence of benign or malignant tumors.

It is necessary to donate blood for the presence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, hemoglobin and leukocyte levels. Diagnosis also involves determining the level of acidity of gastric juice.

Only after this can the doctor determine the necessary treatment.

Treatment

In order to treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, it is necessary to take medications. Can be additionally used traditional methods. It is important to follow a diet.

Drug therapy may consist of the following drugs:

1. Medicines that are proton pump blockers. They are necessary to normalize the acidity of gastric juice. For example, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole.
2. Medicines necessary to protect the mucous membrane. Phosphalugel, Maalox, Almagel.
3. Drugs that help normalize gastric juice for internal use: Famotidine, Ranitidine.
4. Additionally, it is recommended to use antidepressants to eliminate problems with nervous system and the consequences of stress.

After the acute symptoms have been eliminated, it is necessary to destroy the Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

Rehabilitation therapy takes place in three phases:

1. Drug to eliminate Helicobacter pylori: Metronidazole.
2. Antibiotics: Clatriromycin, Amoxicillin.
3. Medicines based on Bismuth. For example, De-Nol.

It is necessary to take the drugs in a course lasting 2 weeks. But when taking antibiotics, it is imperative to take yogurt or special bacteria to normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Gastric and duodenal ulcers can be healed using medicines. But it is very important not only to take medications, but also to give up bad habits.

You should not drink coffee, very hot or cold food, alcoholic drinks, and try to eliminate stress from your life.

If the disease is not treated in the required time, then deterioration in health is possible.

For example, stenosis of the stomach or duodenum, bleeding, the formation of first a benign and then a malignant tumor at the site of an ulcer.

If for a long time the symptoms of a stomach and duodenal ulcer are not eliminated with the help of medications or the process even worsens, then there may be a need for hospitalization.

It is treatment under the supervision of a physician or the use of surgery to remove the area of ​​the stomach or duodenum that has been affected.

After the operation has been performed, it is necessary to take anti-ulcer medications for a long time. The patient is discharged on day 5 if there are no complications.

He has been on bed rest at home for approximately the same amount of time. A quick recovery after surgery is possible if a person follows a diet.

It must be followed for two months. At this time, it is recommended not to abuse salt, large amounts of liquid and quickly digestible carbohydrates.

On the second and third days after surgery to eliminate stomach and duodenal ulcers, you must take non-carbonated mineral water and weak green tea.

Upon arrival home, a person can drink rosehip decoction, eat 1 boiled egg, and also buckwheat porridge or boiled vegetables.

After a while, you need to eat cutlets made from lean meat or steamed fish.

Bread is allowed to be consumed no earlier than a month after the operation. At first, it is forbidden to consume honey, coffee, cocoa, and ice cream.

Dishes that are not suitable for consumption cannot be prepared from: spinach, mushrooms, onions, cabbage, garlic, radishes.

During the period of exacerbation of the disease, it is necessary to treat the person in a hospital. Treatment is prescribed for 2-3 weeks, during which time it is necessary to avoid physical activity and various nervous shocks.

You need to take food in small quantities several times a day. Additionally, you can use mud therapy, reflexology, UHF therapy and treatment with paraffin applications.

For acute pain, it is necessary to take medications to eliminate spasms.

Treatment with folk remedies

Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum require special attention. It must be cured completely, and not just eliminate the symptoms.

To do this, it is advisable to use not only medications, but also methods traditional medicine. They don't have side effects and help eliminate the first signs of the disease.

• Very effective means is the use of a decoction of yarrow. You need to take 50 grams of grass and pour 200 grams of hot boiled water. It is advisable to place in a dark place and leave to infuse for 60 minutes. It is advisable to consume 100 grams before meals. This decoction must be taken to relieve symptoms if there is an ulcer.
• You need to combine onions and water. Drink half an hour before eating if you have an ulcer.
• Combine 500 grams butter and the same amount of honey. Both ingredients must be in liquid form. Separately, you need to grind a glass of walnut partitions using a blender. It is advisable to consume the resulting mixture on an empty stomach.
• To prevent the occurrence of ulcers, it is necessary to consume aloe leaves half an hour before meals. A piece of leaf should be chewed well, the aloe juice should be swallowed, and the sides of the leaf should be spat out. The course must be carried out for 3 months or to eliminate the symptoms.
• You need to take potato tubers and turn them into a paste using a blender. Treatment occurs through the use of juice. It should be taken before breakfast and lunch.
• Flax seeds are very good for the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. They can be purchased at a pharmacy or supermarket. They help eliminate symptoms, relieve pain and gently envelop the walls of the stomach.

Diet

What foods can you eat if you have an ulcer? For example, you can eat no more than 2 boiled eggs per day. They can be steamed and used for preparing other dishes.

You can prepare dishes from cereals and pasta. These can be porridges, purees, puddings. They can be cooked by steaming or simply in water.

For sweets, it is advisable to give preference to ripe berries and fruits, but not sour ones. They can be consumed in any form, baked, steamed or raw.

Dairy products can also be taken. Grind the cottage cheese using a blender until smooth. Drinks include tea with milk or sweet juices.

You can enrich the body with a large number of microelements using rosehip decoction.

It is necessary to completely exclude the following foods:

• Fatty meats. Smoked meats.
• Smoked or canned fish.
• Vegetables should not be consumed white cabbage, mushrooms, radishes, sorrel, cucumbers.
• Tomato, fish, meat, mushroom sauces. It is also necessary to limit the amount of horseradish, pepper and mustard you consume.
• You should absolutely not drink carbonated drinks, black kvass or coffee.
• Eating fresh bread, especially white bread. You should also not eat baked goods.

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