Cancer is a serious disease during which a malignant tumor is formed in the body, which has symptoms characteristic only of it, as well as non-specific signs. By listening to your body, you can diagnose the disease at an early stage and immediately begin treatment. After all, it is very important to recognize the disease when it is still possible to correct and save everything. human life. Any sudden change in health should be a reason to see a doctor. Sudden weight loss, a fever for no apparent reason, or a change in skin color can be signs of cancer or another disease. You should not self-medicate, wait until it passes by itself, it is better to contact a specialist and get tested.
Attention, cancer: symptoms and signs!
If diarrhea or constipation has become the norm, and the color and volume of feces have also changed, then these are the first signs of colon cancer.
If the process of urination has become frequent and painful, and blood impurities are distinguished in the urine, then these symptoms indicate problems with the prostate gland.
Wounds that do not go away for a long time, cuts that can fester and bleed, are fraught with danger. Small sores in the mouth, vagina, and penis that do not heal for a long time are also a cause for concern, as they indicate the presence of infection in the body and, possibly, the primary signs of cancer.
Purulent and spotting indicate a neglected disease in the body. Coughing up blood often indicates signs of lung cancer. Detection of feces in the blood testifies, at best, to colitis, and at worst, to a malignant neoplasm. Isolation of blood from the nipples can be a symptom of breast cancer, from the vagina - the cervix. One of the early manifestations of a cancerous tumor is lumps in some parts of the body, such as the female breast and scrotum. You can diagnose them yourself with a regular examination of your own body. If you feel them, you should immediately go to the doctor. Regular problems with the gastrointestinal tract, as well as difficulty in swallowing food, are signs of stomach or intestinal cancer.
Signs of lung cancer usually manifest as hoarseness, a choking cough that does not stop for a long time. It is difficult to identify throat cancer, the first signs of which are similar to cold symptoms. This is a hoarse voice, perhaps its complete disappearance, inflammation of the lymph nodes, coughing and putrid breath.
Neoplasms in the form of moles, warts characterize a disease such as melanoma, which can be cured at the initial stage.
Nonspecific primary signs of cancer
There are a number of early symptoms various diseases not as dangerous as cancer. People attribute their illness to them, not thinking about the fact that everything is much more serious.
Sudden weight loss for no apparent reason. Almost all cancer patients lose a lot of weight, especially when it comes to the disease. gastrointestinal tract.
An elevated temperature indicates that there is an infection in the human body that depresses the immune system, and therefore the body throws all its strength into fighting it. But, as a rule, an increase in temperature does not occur in the initial stages of the disease. So the involvement of temperature in oncology should be considered only if there are additional signs.
. Gradually increasing fatigue. Feeling unwell and fatigued can be the result of blood loss that occurs with cancer of the stomach or intestines.
The formed tumor can cause pain. Pain indicates a serious lesion of the whole system in the body.
Changes in the skin in the form of manifestations of urticaria, jaundice, increased pigmentation.
What is cancer, signs of organ damage
So, consider the main types of pathology and their symptoms.
Stomach cancer
It never develops suddenly in perfectly healthy tissues. It is preceded by such disorders of the stomach as gastritis, ulcers. Scientists have proven that a certain variety of the disease is attached to each geographical area. For example, where people often get bowel cancer, there are almost no cases of diagnosing tumors in the stomach.
Reasons for the appearance of malignant tumors:
The use of products containing nitrates, as well as salty, pickled, smoked products, dishes cooked on an open fire;
. removal of part of the stomach surgical operation;
. chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach.
An interesting fact was discovered by doctors: people with the first blood group are most often affected by stomach cancer.
Symptoms of the disease:
Feeling of discomfort and pain in the stomach after eating;
. sudden weight loss and lack of appetite;
. frequent bloating, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, bouts of vomiting, flatulence;
. reduced level gland;
. fast fatiguability;
. black stool (due to bleeding inside the stomach).
The main problem is that small tumors that can be simply cut out usually do not cause such symptoms.
breast cancer
The main cause of breast cancer is hormonal changes in the female body. Such adjustments occur during pregnancy and lactation, after abortion, at the time of menopause. The hormone estrogen is most often responsible for the development of the disease, namely its increased concentration, which occurs during abortion and menopause. When carrying and breastfeeding a child, this hormone is practically not produced. Therefore, it is believed that long-term breast-feeding is an excellent prevention of malignant tumors. Estrogen is produced in large quantities by the fatty tissues present in the body. Accordingly, the more of them, the more hormone is produced.
The first signs of breast cancer are discharge from the nipple and nodules, which feel like stone, tightly fixed in the breast tissues. Their sizes can be from a couple to 10-15 centimeters in diameter. The skin over the nodule is pulled inward, wrinkled, resembling a lemon peel.
Skin cancer
The main cause of skin cancer development is long-term or short-term, but strong exposure of the skin to UV radiation. It has been noticed that light-skinned and fair-haired people are susceptible to this disease, as they are more sensitive to the effects of ultraviolet rays.
It is possible to identify skin cancer on your own, signs of the transformation of a mole into a malignant neoplasm are visible to the naked eye. It can grow both horizontally and increase in volume, become asymmetrical and non-uniform in color. Often, the mole gets wet, bleeds and itches, hair stops growing on it and the existing ones fall out. The skin around it becomes inflamed, and it itself becomes crusted and flaky. A mole can grow into small nodules, become loose, glossy.
To make sure that this is definitely cancer, it is not enough to reveal the signs, you should immediately consult a doctor and take smears, scrapings, biopsies, if necessary, conduct an ultrasound examination of the affected tissues, check them for metastases.
Lungs' cancer
Most often on early dates there are practically no signs of lung cancer. That is why people learn about the development of this disease in the body during scheduled medical examinations or too late to count on a positive outcome of treatment. It is difficult to identify it in oneself without the help of doctors, since the symptoms are similar to many other diseases. But still, there are signs of lung cancer that you can identify yourself. This is a cough, bronchitis with pneumonia, occurring for no apparent reason. In the process of tumor growth, certain parts of the organ stop working, causing shortness of breath.
A common symptom that most people complain about is pain in the chest area, namely where the focus of the neoplasm is localized, fever and fuzzy heart rhythm. In the future, if the initial stage of the disease is not recognized, the cancer will show more serious and characteristic signs, but you should not wait for them, so you can miss the moment when there is still a chance to be cured. In addition, lung cancer has severe symptoms only if it is located in the large bronchi.
throat cancer
It is difficult to detect throat cancer at the initial stage, the first signs are very similar to a common cold. Until now, doctors have not come to an unambiguous conclusion: where does this disease come from. However, there are statistics that show that it occurs mainly in men, especially in smokers and drinkers. Old age, poor oral hygiene, work in hazardous industries, genetic predisposition, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, the presence of cancerous tumors in the neck and head - all this can cause the progression of cancer in the human body.
Diagnosing throat cancer, the first signs of which may differ depending on which area has been affected, is quite difficult. The main symptoms include the following manifestations:
Hoarseness in the voice, its complete loss is possible;
. pain when swallowing, difficulty in this process;
. the smell of decay coming from the mouth;
. the inability to cure a dry cough that does not go away for a long time;
. expectoration of bloody sputum;
. the lymph nodes in the neck are inflamed and enlarged;
. breathing difficulties associated with tumor growth;
. loss of appetite, and with it rapid weight loss;
. hearing loss, ear pain.
If a malignant formation develops in the upper part of the larynx, then a person’s teeth hurt and fall out, and it tickles in the throat. If the cancer has struck the lower throat region, then pain is felt, similar to a sore throat.
Signs of cancer in women may differ slightly from the classic ones, since the disease is more aggressive due to increased level estrogen. They become irritable, get tired faster, the menstrual cycle is disturbed. They recorded cases of bleeding from the upper respiratory tract and more blood in the sputum. Cancer in women is detected earlier, as they are more attentive to their bodies and seek medical help more often. Men make up 90% of the total number of people who are diagnosed with throat cancer, they can ignore the first signs, attributing them to general malaise and fatigue.
Uterine cancer
A very common ailment that affects women over 40 years of age. What can contribute to its development? There are a lot of reasons: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, nicotine addiction, the presence of the human papillomavirus in the body, HIV, frequent change of partners, early pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, irregular menstrual cycle, late onset of menopause. The risk group includes women overweight more than 10 kg. Uterine cancer can be predicted in advance, since its precursors are erosive processes, the formation of ulcers and scars after childbirth, the growth of the endometrium and the presence of constant inflammatory processes.
The classic signs of uterine cancer that all women complain about are whitish discharge, bleeding and soreness. But all this does not appear at the very beginning. In this regard, there are a number of difficulties in order to immediately recognize uterine cancer. Signs and symptoms of the initial stages of the disease - mucous discharge with impurities of pus, blood, appearing after exertion and tension of the pelvic muscles. The cycle is often disrupted, and going to the toilet becomes frequent and painful, which indicates the progression of the disease, which has already reached Bladder. If at first the discharge may be odorless, then in the last stages they acquire an unpleasant putrefactive odor. A significant reason to see a doctor is spotting, even if minor, in menopausal women. The insidiousness of the disease is that it is impossible to outwardly identify such a woman, because she looks fresh and cheerful, only in the last stages there is weight loss.
Cervical cancer
This cancer that affects the cervix is the most common among other types of cancer of the genital organs. The risk group includes women from 35 to 55 years. According to statistics, this disease is more common in Hispanic women than in European women. This disease is predicted by the erosions and dysplasia that precede it, so it can be detected in the early stages, and therefore cured. If you do this on time, you can save a woman the opportunity to give birth to children and lead a full sexual life. The main causative agent of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus. It is sexually transmitted, even a condom does not protect, as its cells are very small and penetrate through the smallest pores in the latex. In addition, the virus is located not only on the genitals, but also on adjacent areas of the skin. There are a number of other factors: smoking, frequent sexual intercourse with different partners, venereal diseases, constant stay in a state of weight loss, AIDS. They can cause cancer. Signs in the early stages do not appear. The woman does not experience any discomfort.
It is necessary to undergo annual scheduled examinations by a gynecologist, to take tests. These procedures will help to detect early signs of cervical cancer. Symptoms characteristic of this disease:
Bleeding that occurs after sex, examination by a gynecologist, between periods, and also after the onset of menopause;
. change in the duration of the cycle, color and volume of menstrual flow;
. an increase in the volume of vaginal discharge. They become white, streaked with blood, and in later stages take on the color and smell of rotting meat waste.
. feeling pain during sex;
. pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
. weight loss;
. constipation and problems with urination, as a result of which the legs begin to swell;
. increased fatigue and general weakness.
It is worth noting that all these signs can manifest themselves not only in cervical cancer, but also in almost all diseases of the genital organs. Therefore, it is necessary to seek help from qualified gynecologists and oncologists.
testicular cancer
This is a fairly rare, but still occurring male cancer. However, it is one of its most aggressive forms, affecting men under 40 years of age. The causes can be both congenital benign tumors, and injuries, infertility. The most main reason- cryptochism, when the testicle did not descend into the scrotum. Cancer is genetically transmitted and affects more Europeans than African Americans.
The symptoms of this form of cancer are local. Attention should be paid to seals in the gland. You can feel them with your fingers. When they are squeezed, the man does not experience discomfort. The pain is located in the lower abdomen, in the affected testicle, which eventually swells, becomes heavier and sags. Some types of testicular cancer can cause hormonal imbalance. In boys, this leads to an untimely change in voice, frequent erections. In adult men, on the contrary, sexual desire disappears, cases of impotence are not uncommon. In the body, female hormones begin to be produced to a greater extent, which leads to a modification of the figure. Such men become effeminate.
In order to prevent the development of cancer in your body, you need to engage in prevention, conduct healthy lifestyle life, eat right. Nutrition plays a very important role in maintaining health. Indeed, the development of some forms of this disease, such as cancer of the stomach or intestines, is promoted by harmful fatty foods stuffed with preservatives. The stomach is not able to digest it, and it begins to rot. It is very important to visit doctors regularly for preventive examinations. If, nevertheless, cancer was discovered, then you should not think that this is a sentence and life ends there. Timely diagnosis gives very high rates of recovery.
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS?
sign- this is a signal that a doctor can see in you, or someone else, maybe your loved one. For example, fever, rapid breathing, or abnormal sounds in the lungs may be signs of pneumonia.
Symptoms is a signal that a person feels or notices. For example, weakness, pain, and a feeling of shortness of breath can be symptoms of pneumonia.
One sign or symptom may not be enough to figure out what is causing this behavior. A baby's rash can be a sign that the baby may have been burned by a poisonous plant, such as poison ivy, and it can also be a sign of measles, a skin infection, or a food allergy. But if a child has a rash along with other signs and symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, and sore throat, then the doctor can get a better picture of the disease. Sometimes the signs and symptoms don't give the doctor enough clues to be sure of a diagnosis. Therefore, to clarify the diagnosis, there are special medical tests, such as x-rays, blood tests, or a biopsy.
HOW DO THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CANCER OCCUR?
Cancer is a group of diseases that can cause almost any sign or symptom. Signs and symptoms depend on where the cancer is located, how large it is, and how much it affects organs and tissues. If the cancer has spread (metastasized), signs or symptoms may appear in different parts of the body.
If cancer tumor grows, it can begin to put pressure on nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves. This pressure causes some of the signs and symptoms of cancer. If the cancer is in critical areas of the body, such as certain parts of the brain, then even the smallest tumors can cause severe symptoms.
But often the cancer starts in places in the body where it doesn't cause any signs or symptoms until the tumor has grown quite large. Pancreas cancer, for example, usually don't cause symptoms until the tumor has grown large enough to press on nearby nerves or organs (in which case the person may experience pain in the back or abdomen). Other tumors may grow around the bile ducts and block the flow of bile. This causes the eyes and skin to turn yellow (jaundice). By the time pancreatic cancer begins to cause signs or symptoms, the cancer is usually in its advanced stages. This means that the tumor has grown and spread beyond the pancreas where it started.
Cancer can also cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue (fatigue), or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells use up most of the body's energy, or they may release substances that alter the body's metabolism and reduce energy intake from food. Or cancer can cause the immune system to not respond to its growth in such a way that various signs and symptoms called neoplastic syndrome.
Sometimes cancer cells release special substances into the bloodstream that cause symptoms not normally associated with cancer. For example, some pancreatic cancers can release substances that cause blood clots to form in the veins of the legs. Some types of lung cancer can release hormone-like substances that increase calcium levels in the blood. It affects the nerves and muscles, making the person feel weak and dizzy.
WHAT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ARE IMPORTANT?
Cancer treatment works best when the tumor is found early - while it is still small and less likely to spread to other parts of the body. This often means a higher chance of recovery, especially if the tumor can be removed surgically.
A good example of the importance of early detection of cancer is melanoma, a skin cancer. The tumor can be easily removed if it has not grown deep into the skin. 5-year survival (percentage of people who live at least 5 years after diagnosis) this stage is about 97%. Once, if the melanoma has spread to other parts of the body, then the 5-year survival rate does not rise above 20%.
Sometimes people ignore the symptoms. Maybe they don't know that the symptoms can mean something bad. Or maybe they are afraid of what these symptoms might mean and don't want confirmation of their fears, or they can't afford to seek medical attention. Some symptoms, such as fatigue or coughing, are most often caused by something other than cancer. The symptoms may seem insignificant, especially if there are obvious causes or if the problem only lasts a short time. In the same way, a person may attribute a breast tumor symptom to a cyst that will go away on its own. But the symptoms should not be ignored or ignored, especially if they continue for a long time, or the state of health worsens.
Most likely, the symptoms you find will not be caused by cancer, but it's important that you get a medical checkup, just in case. If cancer is not the cause, a doctor can help find out why you feel this way.
Sometimes cancer can be detected before you have symptoms of the disease. The American Cancer Society recommends that certain medical tests be performed periodically, even if there are no obvious symptoms of cancer. This helps to find some types of cancer in the early stages, before symptoms begin.
WHAT ARE THE COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CANCER?
You should be aware of some common signs and symptoms of cancer. But remember, any of these do not mean you have cancer, because many other diseases can cause similar signs and symptoms. If you have any of these symptoms and they last for a long time, or if you feel worse, please see your doctor to find out what's going on.
Unexplained weight loss
Most people with cancer, at some point, will lose weight. When you lose weight for no known reason, it's called unexplained weight loss. An unexplained weight loss of 4.5 kg or more may be the first sign of cancer. This weight loss occurs with tumors of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus, or lungs.
Fever
Fever is often common with cancer, but it most often occurs after the cancer has spread (metastasized). Almost all patients with cancer will experience a fever for some time, especially if the cancer and its treatments affect the immune system. Often, fever can be an early sign of cancer, such as in blood cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma.
Fatigue
Fatigue - can be an important sign that the tumor is growing. Fatigue can occur early in certain types of cancer, such as leukemia. Some colon tumors or stomach can cause blood loss that is not obvious to a person, and such blood loss can cause fatigue.
Pain
Pain can be an early symptom in some types of cancer, such as bone cancer or testicular cancer. Headache that does not improve with treatment may be a symptom brain tumors. Lower back pain may be a symptom colon and rectal cancer or ovaries. Most often, pain due to cancer means that the tumor has already spread (metastasized).
Skin change
Along with skin cancer, some other forms of cancer can cause skin changes that can be seen. These signs and symptoms include:
Skin appears darker (hyperpigmentation)
Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
Redness of the skin (erythema)
Itching
Excessive hair growth
Signs and symptoms of some types of cancer
Along with the general symptoms, there are some other general signs and symptoms that you should be on the lookout for that may indicate cancer. Again, there are other possible causes for each of these, but it is important to seek medical advice as soon as possible.
Changes in bowel or bladder habits
Prolonged constipation, diarrhea, or changes in the size and quantity of stools can be a sign of colon cancer. Pain when urinating, blood in the urine, or frequent urination may be associated with bladder or prostate cancer. Tell your doctor immediately about any changes in bladder or bowel function.
Ulcers that don't heal
Skin cancer can bleed and look like sores that won't heal. Prolonged pain in the mouth can be a sign of oral cancer. Especially people who smoke, chew tobacco, or often drink alcohol should pay attention to this. Ulcers on the penis or in the vagina can either be a sign of an infection or early cancer and should be seen by a doctor.
White spots in the mouth, or white spots on the tongue
White spots in the mouth and white spots on the tongue may be leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a precancerous condition resulting from frequent irritation, such as from smoking. People who smoke cigarettes, pipes, or use chewing tobacco are at high risk for leukoplakia. If left untreated, leukoplakia can lead to oral cancer. Any long-term changes in the oral cavity should be checked by a doctor or dentist.
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Unusual bleeding can occur in the early or late stages of cancer. Expectoration of blood in sputum (mucus) can be a sign of lung cancer. Blood in the stool (which may look very dark or black) may be a sign of colon or rectal cancer. kidney cancer. Bloody discharge from the nipples may be a sign breast cancer .
Thickening or induration in the chest or other parts of the body
Many tumors can be felt through the skin. These tumors occur mainly in the breast, testis, lymph nodes, and body tissues. A lump or thickening may be a sign of cancer and should be checked out by a doctor, especially if you have just found it or it has grown in size. Be aware that sometimes breast cancer will show up as red or thickened skin instead of the expected lumps.
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing can be signs of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, or throat. But like most of the symptoms on this list, they are most often caused by something other than cancer.
Changes in a wart, mole, or any new skin changes
Any wart, mole, or freckle that changes color, size, shape, or loses its sharpness of border should be seen by a doctor. Similar changes in the skin can be with melanoma at an early stage.
Prolonged cough or hoarseness
A cough that doesn't go away may be a sign of lung cancer. Hoarseness may be a sign of laryngeal cancer or thyroid gland .
Other symptoms
The signs and symptoms listed above are more common, but there are many others not listed here. If you notice any major changes in how your body works, or if you feel unusual, especially if it continues for a long time, then you should definitely consult a doctor. If it has nothing to do with cancer, your doctor may refer you for more tests to understand what's going on. If cancer is found, you will give yourself a chance to receive early treatment when the treatment is more effective.
In this article, we will look at the common symptoms and signs of a disease such as oncology. Let's take a closer look at the signs of oncological diseases of different systems of the human body: stomach, intestines, lungs, prostate, as well as signs of cancer in women and men.
Oncology diagnosis in modern world more and more people are getting it every day. This is due to the improvement of diagnostics in medicine, and with an increase in life expectancy. The risk of getting cancer increases proportionally with a person's age. However, there are tumors that only affect children and young adults. In general, tumors in young people are very insidious and dangerous, they develop rapidly and often quickly take away from life.
In this article, I will tell you about the most common tumors among the adult population, about the first signs of oncology, about measures to prevent cancer of various localization.
Often, when cancer begins to manifest itself in some way, and the first symptoms appear on the part of specific organs, then this is not the first stage of the disease. Learning to diagnose cancer at the first stage is the main task, first of all, of primary care physicians and oncologists. Every person must be oncologist. This does not mean that you need to be afraid and wait for cancer. You just need to listen and observe your body so as not to miss the first bells. It is also necessary to understand that all of the following symptoms do not necessarily indicate that you have cancer. You just need to observe yourself and consult a doctor with your complaints. And only with a comprehensive examination, after performing examinations, a diagnosis can be made. So, the most common common symptoms of cancer:
General weakness
General weakness accompanies almost all human diseases, therefore it is the most non-specific symptom. Often, general weakness in oncological diseases occurs due to chronic blood loss. Most often it occurs in tumors of the stomach, intestines. When bleeding, a person loses hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen to organs and tissues. When the organs, and primarily the brain, receive less oxygen, there is a general weakness.
Unexplained weight loss
If you suddenly began to lose weight rapidly, for example, 4-5 kg per month, and after three months it is already minus 15 kg on the scales, you should immediately consult a doctor. Such a sharp weight loss can cause tumors of the pancreas, stomach, lung. Also this rapid decline weight may be the first symptom of tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis and other serious diseases.
Increase in body temperature
Often, an increase in temperature occurs as a protective reaction of the body, as an activation of immunity, and can be observed as a response to therapy or with the progression of the process. But as the first symptom of a tumor, it does not occur so often, for example, with lymphogranulomatosis.
Pain
Pain as the first sign of cancer is observed in testicular cancer and bone tumors. Most often, pain is already a symptom of the spread of the oncological process. Therefore, in the last stages of cancer, it is pain relief, often with narcotic analgesics, that is the only help for the patient.
You may have noticed that the first symptoms of cancer are very vague and completely non-specific. Unfortunately, most tumors do not manifest themselves at all in the first stage, when the treatment is most effective, and they only manifest themselves in the later stages, when it is extremely difficult to cope with the disease. That is why it is important to understand that it is necessary to visit the clinic every year to undergo “routine”, but very important screening examinations.
Cancer screening
Screening is an examination to detect a particular malignant neoplasm in a patient when he does not complain about anything. In contrast to screening, the so-called “early diagnosis” consists in detecting cancer in patients who have come to the doctor with any complaints. The difference between these two approaches is that during screening, patients are examined on the initiative of medical professionals, and during early detection, on their own initiative.
Therefore, when a nurse throws a note in your mailbox saying that they want to see you at an appointment, or a local therapist scolds you for not having a fluorography or not going through an examination room, then you should only thank them for what they are more interested in your health than you are.
So, the minimum examinations that are recommended for everyone:
- Radiography or fluorography of the lungs. This is a mandatory screening method for all segments of the population over 18 years of age to exclude tuberculosis and lung cancer.
- Screening for cervical cancer consists in regular examination of cytological smears from the cervix. Allows you to identify pathology with minimal cellular changes in the epithelium. Cytology analysis is taken in the examination room. But the doctor performs the colposcopy procedure. During a colposcopy, the doctor examines the cervix with a magnifying glass and, if necessary, takes a biopsy. Conducting a full screening of cervical cancer can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by 80% and mortality from this disease by 72%. Also, with the availability of ultrasound in our time, I would recommend that every woman perform an ultrasound of the pelvic organs once a year to exclude pathology from the ovaries.
- Breast cancer screening involves performing mammograms for women aged 45-70 every 2 years. For women with a history of mastopathy or aggravated heredity (for example, breast cancer in the mother), it is recommended to perform a mammogram once a year. For younger women, to exclude the pathology of the gland, it is better to do ultrasound, since at the age of 45-50 years, the mammary glands are difficult to visualize with mammography, and the ultrasound method will be more informative.
- Screening for prostate cancer is the regular measurement of the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood of men aged 50 to 65-70 years. PSA is a tumor marker for prostate cancer. In prostate cancer, more PSA protein enters the bloodstream than in healthy person. Thus, by the method of determining the concentration of PSA in the blood of a man, one can suspect cancer or a benign tumor of the prostate - adenoma. With an increase in the PSA level approximately above 4 ng / ml, a consultation with a urologist and an ultrasound of the prostate are required. Men with a family history of prostate cancer can have their PSA checked starting at the age of 40.
- Colon cancer screening consists of taking a fecal occult blood test - a hemocult test. To avoid positive test, you need to give up meat, liver and all foods containing iron (spinach, apples, beans, etc.) for 3 days. If a fecal occult blood test is positive, then a colonoscopy is necessary. During colonoscopy with a probe optical instrument at the end inserted into the anus, the large intestine is examined. If the doctor stumbles upon a polyp, he will definitely remove it with a subsequent tissue biopsy. Hemoculttest is prescribed annually to all people over the age of 50 years.
And now let's talk about the first signs of oncology, the most common in our region.
The first signs of stomach cancer
Gastric cancer in the early stages, as a rule, does not have pronounced clinical signs, but some of them still attract attention.
- Persistent loss of appetite or its complete loss up to aversion to food without any objective reason.
- Unmotivated weakness and weight loss.
- Changes in mental status (loss of joy in life, interest in the environment).
- The phenomenon of "gastric discomfort" - constant or associated with eating discomfort, a feeling of heaviness, fullness.
- Pain is the most common symptom. With advanced forms of stomach cancer, pain becomes constant, dull, persistent, not associated with food intake, occurring for no apparent reason and aggravated after eating. Sometimes the pain is so severe that it is difficult to relieve medication.
Belching, heartburn, nausea are common in stomach cancer, but they do not have any characteristic features. The patient should be alerted by a feeling of fullness in the stomach and persistent belching at first with air, and later with rotten air. Vomiting is observed with a significant narrowing of the lumen of the stomach by a tumor.
Your doctor should hear all these symptoms and send you for tests and studies in order to verify the diagnosis.
Prevention of stomach cancer
- The cancer prevention diet is what is recommended for most people who want to be healthy. It is necessary to reduce, and it is better to completely abandon the use of smoked meats, marinades, preservatives, products fast food and, on the contrary, increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Excessively hot food and drinks should not be consumed - this is harmful to the pharynx, esophagus and stomach.
- To give up smoking. For those who stop smoking, the risk of developing cancer decreases over time.
- Restriction on the consumption of alcoholic beverages.
- The fight against chronic infections in the stomach, primarily with a bacterium that can cause the development of gastritis and stomach ulcers - Helicobacter pylori.
- Timely treatment of precancerous diseases of the stomach - polyps.
Cancer alertness should be in every person. And it is important to understand that cancer in the first stages of almost any localization responds well to treatment.
I bring to your attention natural herbal preparations to combat diseases of the stomach: - regulates the acidity of gastric juice, - promotes the healing of ulcers of the mucous membranes, - fights Helicobacter pylori.
The first signs of bowel cancer
Like all tumors in the early stages, intestinal tumors practically do not manifest themselves in any way. With the development of the oncoprocess, there are signs that make a person see a doctor, in the last stages - severe intestinal disorders. The first signs of bowel cancer, which you should pay attention to:
- Decreased appetite, nausea, general unexplained weakness.
- Significant weight loss, even with preserved appetite.
- Prolonged constipation followed by diarrhoea. Feeling of empty bowel after stool.
- The presence of blood in the stool. It can be streaks of blood, scarlet blood or altered blood. The color of feces is an important diagnostic feature in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Read more in the article.
- Mucus or pus appears in the feces, which is why the feces have an irritating fetid odor.
- Abdominal pain at the site of the tumor increases as the tumor grows.
- Pain in the anus, aggravated by stool. Frequent urge to bottom.
Bowel cancer prevention
- The fight against chronic constipation is essential in the prevention of bowel cancer. It is necessary to adjust your lifestyle in such a way that the chair is DAILY.
- When fecal masses are not removed from the intestine for a long time, the time of contact of the harmful substances contained in them with the intestinal mucosa increases, which leads to the development chronic inflammation, and further significantly increases the risk of developing bowel cancer.
If you are struggling with constipation with enemas, then you should understand that this is an emergency measure. During enemas, only the lower intestine is cleansed, and harmful substances located at a more remote distance from the rectum are not washed out. About what you need to do to have a daily chair, read the article. - Changes in the diet of modern man over the past decades have led to an increase in the incidence of colon cancer. The fact that this is mainly due to a decrease in the diet of plant foods, an increase in the consumption of refined foods and animal fats (lamb, beef, pork) has been irrefutably proven by many studies. Therefore, limiting animal fats in the diet and enriching your diet with fiber is the basis of a healthy intestine.
- It has also been proven that antioxidant vitamins C, E, A and B vitamins inhibit the formation of carcinogens in the body, which in turn contributes to the prevention of colon cancer.
- Avoiding alcohol, especially beer, reduces the risk of colon cancer. This is evidenced by a number of scientific papers and statistics.
I bring to your attention natural herbal preparations to eliminate problems with the intestines, as well as to prevent intestinal cancer: - a preparation for daily use for those people who want to be healthy. Loklo is the key to the health of your intestines, full-fledged natural fiber from a variety of vegetables and fruits for effective bowel cleansing and stool normalization; - due to its composition, it reduces the risk of developing cancer of the small and large intestines, and also prevents breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. - effective natural laxative without addictive effect;
The first signs of cancer in women
In this section of the article, I will talk about the first symptoms of breast and uterine cancer.
The first signs of breast cancer
- Seal in the mammary gland. One of the earliest signs of breast cancer is a lump. According to statistics, 70-80% of all sick women were able to independently notice the first symptoms of breast cancer. Of course, most of the tumors found are benign. But the help of a specialist - an oncologist or a mammologist is extremely necessary as soon as possible.
- Discharge from the mammary glands. The color of the discharge can be any - transparent, bloody, yellow-green, with an admixture of pus. With any kind of discharge from the mammary gland, it is urgent to see a doctor. As the disease progresses, ulcers appear that affect not only the nipple, but also pass to the rest of the breast.
- Change appearance mammary gland. As the disease develops, the color of the skin over the tumor changes, from pinkish to purplish, and the skin itself. Breast skin in breast cancer seems to sink, flattening or elongation of the mammary gland may appear. The right and left breasts may become different in size. Although usually in women one breast is larger than the other, but with the development of the disease, this asymmetry becomes more noticeable.
- Nipple retraction. Moreover, as the disease progresses, the nipple retracts more and more.
- Enlarged lymph nodes. An increase in axillary, paraclavicular lymph nodes and pain on the affected side is a reason for immediate medical attention.
- First birth before age 30, breastfeeding for at least 6 months, and no abortions are thought to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
- Refusal of alcohol and smoking, living in environmentally friendly conditions, minimizing stressful situations.
- Monthly breast self-examination. Consistent palpation of the mammary gland is preferably carried out after menstruation. And women in menopause need to choose a specific day of the month and do not forget to spend regular inspection. The shape, symmetry, the presence of pits, tubercles, seals, changes in the skin - everything is worth paying attention to.
It is also necessary to examine the armpits and the collarbone area in search of individual enlarged lymph nodes. If there are any changes and suspicions, you should immediately contact a specialist.
I propose to pay attention to a natural herbal preparation made from broccoli - which reduces the risk of developing a number of hormone-dependent tumors: breast cancer, uterine cancer, uterine fibroids, colon cancer, and also fights mastopathy. Indole-3-carbinol has established itself as the number one drug in the treatment of mastopathy in women of different ages, many gynecologists successfully use it in their practice.
The first signs of uterine cancer
It is very problematic to suspect a disease of the cervix or body of the uterus in the early stages due to the lack of clinical manifestations. Therefore, for cancer of this localization, annual screening is extremely important! The most common symptoms of uterine cancer are:
- Cervical cancer is characterized by spotting after intercourse and/or pain during intercourse.
- For cancer and the cervix, and the body of the uterus is characterized by bleeding, intermenstrual discharge of varying intensity. Sometimes it happens that a woman in menopause has bleeding, but she does not attach any importance to this, believing that menstruation has returned.
- Pain that occurs in the lower back, sacrum, lower abdomen and rectum is the latest symptom and indicates the spread of the tumor process to the lymph nodes and nearby tissues.
Prevention of uterine cancer
- Timely onset of sexual activity (after 18 years), a limited number of sexual partners, since sexual infections provoke the development of uterine cancer. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been scientifically proven in the development of cervical cancer. If, nevertheless, there is some kind of infectious disease, then it is necessary to cure it.
- The risk of developing the disease increases with overeating, excessive consumption of fried foods, with an abundance of animal fats in food.
- Vitamins play an important role in metabolic processes, including those that have a protective antitumor effect.
- For the prevention of cervical cancer, it is necessary to treat cervical erosion, cervicitis and leukoplakia in time. That is, you must not forget to regularly look into the office to the gynecologist.
- Refusal of alcohol and smoking. IN special studies Smoking has been found to slightly increase the risk of developing cervical cancer. It turned out that the consumption of various alcoholic beverages in terms of pure ethyl alcohol in doses of more than 30 g per day also increases the risk of cervical cancer.
Of the natural products of the NSP company, I would like to first of all pay attention to the product that removes excess estrogen from the body and helps prevent the development of hormone-dependent tumors (breast and uterus cancer), and also inhibits the growth of tumor cells infected with the human papillomavirus.
As well as for the prevention of other tumors, it is necessary to take courses of antioxidants:,,,,,, etc.
The first signs of lung cancer
Unfortunately, lung cancer is not particularly different from other types of oncology, and it loves and knows how to disguise itself in the same way. Therefore, the symptoms begin to manifest themselves more actively as the disease progresses.
- General weakness, fatigue, weight loss. Body temperature may rise at the level of 37-37.5 degrees.
- Pronounced cough, especially with an admixture of blood in the sputum.
- Shortness of breath, chest pain, often aggravated by inhalation.
- As the disease progresses, the tumor begins to grow and compress closely located organs and structures. This can lead to difficulty breathing, swallowing disorders, hoarseness.
Prevention of lung cancer
- Stopping smoking, both active and passive, significantly reduces the risk of lung cancer. Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer by 5 times! Science has repeatedly proven that when smoking, more than 40 types of various carcinogens enter the body.
- professional factors. Work related to these chemicals, as asbestos, arsenic, radon, cadmium, nickel, chromium (their inhalation and regular contact with them) is one of the serious risk factors. Therefore, when working with hazardous substances, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment.
- polluted environment. A regularity was revealed that rural residents get lung cancer 4 times less than residents of large cities, all other things being equal.
- Proper nutrition with enrichment of the diet with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Sufficient consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries helps to reduce the risk of cancer.
- For the prevention of lung cancer and other types of tumors, I also recommend taking courses of natural plant antioxidants: Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Antioxidant, Grepine with protectors, Zambroza, Protective formula, TNT and etc.
The first signs of prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is characterized by a stable malignant course. It is very difficult to detect the disease in the early stages, since at first the tumor does not manifest itself, and the neoplasm continues its persistent growth. This tumor is characterized by a special insidiousness - the symptoms have not even appeared yet, and the neoplasm is actively metastasizing (i.e., tumor screenings appear in other organs, for example, in the bones, liver). As a result, even a small primary focus in a short period of time can spread beyond the affected gland, making the prognosis unfavorable.
- Violation of the outflow of urine is one of the very first symptoms. As the tumor grows, it compresses the urethra. Patients with a tumor may have trouble starting to urinate, experience a feeling of incomplete emptying, and painful urge to urinate. Urinary incontinence is also one of the symptoms. But such symptoms often bother men with prostate adenoma, so the first symptoms of cancer may go unnoticed.
- As the tumor grows, it will begin to grow into nearby organs and tissues, which will lead to painful sensations. Prostate cancer is characterized by pain in the perineum and pubis, and patients may experience discomfort over the pubic bone. Later, blood in the urine and an admixture of blood in the ejaculate may appear. Erectile dysfunction is not ruled out.
- With further progression of the tumor, bone pains appear (especially often in the lower back), significant weight loss, and a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood. There may be a limitation of movements of the lower extremities, swelling, and sometimes paralysis caused by compression of an overgrown tumor of the spinal cord.
I remind you that not a single man is immune from a prostate tumor. It is extremely important, for life including, not to miss the moment and diagnose the disease as early as possible. The main method of early diagnosis and prevention of cancer localized in the prostate is annual urological screening for men over 45 years of age. (See above in the article on PSA testing). Any suspicious signs of prostate cancer at this age should be a wake up call! Seek immediate medical attention.
Prevention of prostate cancer
- Diet - with particular importance given to vegetables and fruits (tomatoes, cabbage, broccoli, soybeans, grapes and others) and limiting foods containing animal fats. Scientists have noticed that the incidence of prostate cancer in the world is distributed unevenly. For example, it is noted that Japan has a rather low incidence.
It is believed that this is due to the fact that the Japanese have a lot of plant foods in their diet, especially soy. It contains phytoestrogens, which are similar in composition to female sex hormones. These substances reduce the content of male hormones in the body. At the same time, the body does not lose its male qualities, but the likelihood of prostate cancer is significantly reduced.
An important role in the prevention of prostate cancer is played by carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol (beta-carotene and vitamin E). They are found mainly in plant foods. - Lifestyle - while limiting tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, increase the level of physical activity. Exercise can reduce excess weight, which can be a risk factor for prostate cancer.
Of the natural herbal preparations of the NSP company, I would like to draw attention to preparations for men's health, which are recommended to be taken periodically 2-3 times a year. These are phytocomplexes containing Creeping Serena and African Plum:,, (courses of 4-6 weeks). The drug deserves special attention. Indole 3 Carbinol, which reduces the risk of developing a number of hormone-dependent tumors, including prostate cancer.
Interview with Deputy Director for scientific work Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology named after N.N. N.N. Alexandrov, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Doctor medical sciences, Professor Sergey Krasny.
The insidiousness of cancer is that pain appears only in the later stages. Are there “early” signs that can start treatment on time and save a life?
General and local symptoms
Detect cancer at an early stage, before it spreads tentacles throughout the body metastasis, is a guarantee of a positive prognosis during treatment. Every year, about half a million people in our country are diagnosed with malignant tumors, half of them die.
These are those who went to the doctor too late.
95% of patients with a detected neoplasm at the first or second stage are successfully cured.
In whatever part of the body a malignant tumor is located, it shows itself with the following symptoms:
More specific symptoms depend on the location of the malignant tumor.
Lungs' cancer
The leader of oncological diseases - lung cancer - is difficult to distinguish from other pathologies of the respiratory system, since in the first stages there are:
For this reason, patients are often treated for another pathology.
Mammary cancer
In the early stages of any obvious signs there is simply no disease, even with independent palpation. But still, a young woman should ensure a monthly self-examination of the breast, which includes:
Signs of cancer can be the slightest seals, swelling and deformities, scales and sores on the nipple and areola.
For women over the age of 39, such an examination is not enough. To detect cancer in time, you need to undergo an examination.
Cancer of the male genital organs
When palpated, suspicion should be caused by any swelling and compaction, even the size of a pea, a difference in size. Over time, aching pain and a feeling of heaviness appear in the testicles.
Prostate cancer is a storm of men that develops with age. It is dangerous because early stages leaks imperceptibly. Someone has frequent urination, pain in the perineum, blood in the urine, although the first symptoms may not be.
Cancer of the larynx
In 95% of cases of pathology, men also become patients. At an early stage, the disease gives itself out as hoarseness and a change in the timbre of the voice, but only if the vocal cords are affected. Vestibular cancer of the larynx goes unnoticed until the neoplasm causes a sensation of presence. foreign body interferes with swallowing and breathing.
Cancer of the digestive system
It will not be possible to identify bowel cancer on its own at the first stage of development. Usually it is discovered by chance - already in the later stages at the doctor's appointment. Therefore, you need to be on the lookout if the following symptoms are observed for a long time:
- increased gas formation;
- feeling of fullness in the intestines;
- alternating constipation and diarrhea;
- discomfort during defecation, false urges;
- blood in stool.
But that's the difficulty of diagnosis: similar symptoms are typical for hemorrhoids, paraproctitis and other diseases.
Stomach cancer reveals itself lack of appetite And rise in temperature.
Feeling of heaviness and pain occur much later.
With liver cancer, along with general symptoms, there are:
- heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
- enlargement of the abdomen.
In the glandular tissue, the tumor grows instantly. Already a month after its formation, it can be palpated on palpation.
Cancer of the female genital organs
These include tumors of the ovary, vagina, cervix and body of the uterus.
In whatever place of the female genital organs a malignant neoplasm appears, at an early stage a woman does not even suspect that a tumor appears inside her.
With the development of the disease, blood clots appear in the female secretions.
For ovarian cancer menstrual irregularities and frequent urination.
Skin cancer
The disease can be visually diagnosed even at an early stage. Symptoms of skin cancer are:
External defects can occur anywhere, even on the mucosa.
Brain cancer
Symptoms directly depend on in which area of the brain the seal appeared and how large it is:
Even a benign tumor is dangerous for the brain.
bone cancer
Almost immediately with the onset of the disease, a dull aching pain near the joint appears. Over time, it becomes more intense, swelling and redness appear. More often different types bone cancers occur on the legs, pelvis and chest, less often on the head, including the jaw.
What to pass or take place inspection?
Since in the initial stages the cancer proceeds secretly, regular preventive examinations and tests are recommended. Tell about the development of any type of cancer in the body blood analysis.
More local studies are ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
| Localization of cancer | Examination methods |
| Lungs | In the early stages, radiography is not enough. It is necessary to undergo computed tomography (CT) or MRI of the lung, additionally - endoscopic bronchography and biopsy. |
| Breast | X-ray mammography and ultrasound are performed. A biopsy is needed to determine the nature of the tumor. |
| Prostate | The urologist first examines through the anus with a finger, prescribes a blood test for PSA and a biopsy. |
| Larynx | An otolaryngologist can recognize the disease by examining the throat with a special mirror. A more accurate diagnosis will be given by direct fibrolaryngoscopy (examination with a flexible endoscope) and microlaryngoscopy (examination of the larynx with a microscope under anesthesia). |
| Digestive system | A gastroenterologist prescribes EGDS, x-ray, tomography, ultrasound examination. With rectal cancer, the proctologist probes with a finger, prescribes a fecal analysis. |
| Female reproductive organs | The gynecologist probes with his fingers. More effective analysis for cytology, x-ray, tomography, ultrasound examination |
| Skin | A biopsy and a cytological examination are prescribed. |
| Brain | Encephalography, radiography and MRI are performed. |
| Bones | Different types of tomography and biopsy are used. |
To reduce the risk of developing pathology, the examination should be annual.
Every year, about half a million Russians are diagnosed with cancer, about 280 thousand of our citizens die because of this disease. Moreover, if a neoplasm is detected at the first or second stage, then it can be cured in about 95% of cases. About how to detect cancer at an early stage, what tests you need to undergo and how to minimize the risk of cancer, the day before world day the fight against cancer told RIA Novosti director of the Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology, Professor Andrey Kaprin. Interviewed by Tatyana Stepanova.
- Andrey Dmitrievich, tell us how things are in the country today with the incidence and mortality of the population from malignant tumors?
- In the structure of mortality of the population, malignant neoplasms take the second place (14.9%) after cardiovascular diseases (54.8%).
Approximately 480 thousand new cases of cancer are detected annually, and more than 280 thousand patients die. Of these, a sufficiently large number of people of working age (15.5%). This situation is largely due to the fact that people seek medical help late. In the advanced stage, cancer is detected in every fifth patient, and this leads to the fact that mortality in the first year after diagnosis in our country reaches 26%. And in the treatment of cancer at an early stage, the 10-year survival rate reaches 95% or more.
Basically, the disease is diagnosed in elderly people - from 60 years and above. The probability of developing cancer in men under the age of 60 is 8.2%, in women at this age - 8.7%. And after the age of 60, these figures look like this: 21.6% for men and 17.3% for women. Thus, the longer the life expectancy in the country, the more attention should be paid to preventive examinations.
In those Russian regions, where there is a high depopulation of cities and villages (young people leave, the elderly stay), mortality from malignant neoplasms indirectly increases, moreover, the detection rate remains the same. At our institute, we maintain the All-Russian Cancer Registry, and this is nothing but the best epidemiological study, thanks to which we receive all the information on oncological diseases in the regions.
— In what regions have succeeded in the treatment of cancer?
- In Kazan, in Khabarovsk, they work quite well to identify and treat such patients. There, primary care physicians have oncological alertness, special tests are taken en masse: for men - for prostate specific antigen (PSA), for women - for CA 125. These studies make it possible to detect prostate cancer in men and cervical cancer in women at an early stage. In women, unfortunately, the oncological incidence of this particular localization is now growing very strongly. For ten years, the increase was about 30% among women in general, and at the age of up to 29 years old it almost doubled, up to 44 years old - 1.5 times. We believe that this is due to the early onset of sexual activity, promiscuity and the spread of the human papillomavirus.
- What research should be done for men, women and at what age in order to diagnose the disease at an early stage?
Women over 39 should have regular cervical and breast examinations. Men from the age of 45 should be examined by a urologist for prostate cancer. A very important indicator can be occult blood in the stool. For women and men over 45 years of age, we recommend taking an analysis to detect it.
Despite the prevalence of these diseases, lung cancer is still in the first place. Unfortunately, fluorography is not enough to detect it at an early stage, so we recommend that you undergo an x-ray examination annually. Skin cancer is also a fairly common neoplasm.
Moreover, the most malignant tumor of the skin is localized on the back, on the shoulder blade. Unfortunately, she is not very worried at the beginning of the disease.
— Does this mean that sunbathing is harmful?
— Of course, this is a disgrace when we go to regions where the sun bakes very strongly, and do not think at all about protecting the skin. When the local population wears completely closed clothes, we lie in the direct rays of the sun and "sunbathe" - this is no good. I also think that we have a lot of unlicensed tanning salons, the activities of which no one controls, this has been written about more than once.
— Can a person himself suspect or recognize the first signs of cancer in himself?
- A person can suspect lung cancer only at a late stage of the disease or when the bronchus is affected and coughing, hemoptysis appears. Until then, he had been completely asymptomatic. Of course, at the initial stage, lung cancer can be seen on an x-ray, but the radiologist must also be experienced and competent.
Therefore, I do not cease to repeat: women should have an annual ultrasound of the mammary glands and mammography. Men should see a doctor if they have urinary problems. I need to get my blood tested for PSA. It does not require special preparation, does not take much time.
— Why do you think some of our citizens prefer to be treated abroad?
— Modern medicine has no boundaries, better ways the fight against the disease become quickly available to doctors different countries. Treatment both abroad and in our country is carried out according to the same international protocols. However, there are those who prefer to go to foreign clinic. Everyone has their own reason for this. Some doctors have ceased to keep medical secrets. If a person takes certain positions, he, of course, does not want his illnesses to become public. The second reason is that some charitable organizations collect money for help abroad, in fact, children are treated in our clinics, and charitable organizations help these centers survive.
And, finally, rehabilitation after surgical interventions is still poorly developed in our country. Operations our experts do not worse. We recently discharged a 19-year-old girl who was denied treatment in Germany as inoperable. She had an extensive malignant retrosternal tumor. And after we operated on her, the mother of this girl showed the pictures to the German doctors. They applauded for three minutes. The girl is now at work.
— Do you think it is necessary to change the order of clinical examination, especially in terms of examinations for cancer? Can primary care physicians detect a tumor in the first or second stage?
— The oncological component of the medical examination of the adult population involves two stages. At the first stage, a risk group is identified using the studies that we talked about. At the second stage, the diagnosis is specified. I believe that the medical examination in the form in which it is now taking place is fully justified.
“Early diagnosis of cancer would significantly reduce mortality. Nevertheless, unfortunately, most people in Russia prefer not to be examined, but live according to the principle “until the thunder breaks ...” How to convince the population not to adhere to this rule?
- Convince, show, prove. For example, on the basis of our institute we created national center oncology of the reproductive organs, the purpose of which is to strengthen cooperation between doctors and patients and popularize medical knowledge in this area.
Since this year, regularly on Saturdays, we began to spend days open doors for residents of the neighboring Northern District, we invite them to a free primary diagnosis of the most common diseases. And we do it quite successfully - people go and check.
To organize a direct channel of communication with the population, receive feedback, together with the prefecture of the Northern District, created the Public Committee "Medkontrol" and intend, in cooperation with public organizations keep track of how medical care in our city. These measures, I am sure, will increase the level of mutual trust and medical literacy of the population.
— How can you minimize your risk of developing cancer?
- Among the main causes that form the incidence of cancer, as statistics show, the leading position is occupied by malnutrition - up to 35%. In second place is smoking - up to 32%. Thus, two-thirds of cancer cases are due to these factors. We also recommend not to get involved in tanning, do not use products with dyes. And see your doctor regularly.
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