Photo: Elbrus National Park
Photo and description
The Elbrus National Park is located on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. It was founded in 1986 with two main goals: to create optimal conditions for the development of tourism, recreation, mountaineering and, of course, the preservation of a unique natural complex. The park is located within the Zolsky and Tyrnauz administrative regions of Kabardino-Balkaria. Within the boundaries of the Elbrus Park there are six settlements, where more than 6 thousand people live.
About 400 species of plants grow in the park. The Caucasian rhododendron is a specially protected species. In the Red Book Russian Federation the following plants were introduced: dolomite bellflower, Radde birch, common hop hornbeam, small chickpea, Dinnik's saxifrage. Birch Radde in 1885 was described by the famous Caucasian naturalist G. Rade. This endemic relict species can be found only in some regions of the Caucasus. Forests occupy only a tenth of the total territory of the Elbrus Park. Of the hardwoods, the most common are the Radde and Litvinov birches (52.6%), and of the conifers, the Koch pine (46.7%).
The fauna of the Prielbrusye park is also quite rich. It is home to 111 species of birds, more than 60 species of mammals, 8 species of amphibians, as well as 11 species of reptiles, 6 species of fish and many species of insects. In the park there are animals of the steppe zone of Europe - an ordinary hamster, a mole rat, a gray partridge, a steppe polecat and others, and European broad-leaved forests, among them - a roe deer, a European forest cat, a pine marten and a brown bear. Among the endemics of the Caucasus are the Caucasian tur, snowcock, black grouse, otter and many others.
The Elbrus National Park is a center for skiing, an excursion center for vacationers at local resorts, a center for mountain and sports tourism, and a place of recreation for residents and guests of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria. There are 23 recreational facilities in the park.
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Text content of presentation slides: National Park "Prielbrusye" The main tasks of the National Park "Prielbrusye": Preservation of reference and unique natural complexes and objects, as well as monuments of history, culture and other objects of cultural heritage; Creation of conditions for regulated tourism and recreation in natural conditions;. Development and implementation scientific methods preservation of natural complexes in conditions of recreational use; Organization of environmental education of the population; Conducting environmental monitoring. The unique nature of the Elbrus region attracts tourists from all over the world who want to enjoy the view of the majestic Elbrus, snow-capped mountain peaks, and picturesque gorges of the North Caucasus. Wonderful landscapes, the purest mountain air, mineral springs, snow sparkling in the bright sun - all this can be found here in abundance. To preserve this unique natural complex and develop sustainable tourism, in 1986 the Prielbrusye National Park was established with an area of 101 thousand hectares. The territory of the national park is located in the region of the Central Caucasus, includes part of the Main Caucasian and Lateral ridges. The most famous object of the national park is Mount Elbrus (6542 and 5621 meters). This is an extinct volcano, on the eastern peak of which sulfur dioxide emissions are observed - signs of volcanic activity that has not yet died out. In the area of the mountain, lava flows are widely developed, flowing down from it along the valleys of the main rivers. In the valley of the Malka River, the length of the lava flow is 23 km. About 15% of the entire territory of the park is occupied by glaciers and snow. In the territory of the national park, the climate is generally temperate continental, with cold winter and hot summer. A very complex relief of the territory, a significant difference in absolute heights above sea level, the influence of glaciers, the proximity of the Black Sea and a large amount of air exchange with the free atmosphere - all this provides a rather sharp difference in the climatic features of this region from others. The coldest month is February with a temperature of -17.7C at an altitude of 4100 meters above sea level and -3.4C at an altitude of 1467 meters. In August, the temperature at an altitude of 1467 meters is +17.0С, and at 2600 meters above +0.2С. Baksan. Other major tributaries of the Malka River: Kyzyl-Kol, Shau-Kol, Ingushli, Kharbaz, etc. The main tributaries of the river. Baksan: Terskol, Donguz-Orun-Baksan, Yusengi, Adyl-Su, Irik-Chat, Kurmychi, Gubasanty-Su, Adyr-Su, Syltran, Kyrtyk, Chelmas and others. The rivers form picturesque mountain gorges. The most visited of them by recreants are the upper reaches of the river Malka (tract Dzhily-Su), Adyl-Su, Adyr-Su. Malka and Baksan. The Malka group includes springs located in the Djily-Su tract, the Elbrus group includes springs located in the Irik, Adyl-Su, Kyrtyk gorges, as well as in the upper reaches of the Baksan River (Achi-Su and Narzanov Glade). The most powerful, easily accessible and visited by recreants is the group of Baksan-Bashi-Ullu-Gara springs, emerging on the right-bank terrace of the Baksan River (Narzanov Glade). There are many lakes in the upper reaches of the Elbrus rivers. They are mainly of the glacial type. Such moraine lakes are usually located near the tongues of glaciers. These include lakes Azau, Bashkara and others. The most beautiful of them is about. Donguz-Orun-Kol. It is located on the southeastern slope of Cheget. One of the most interesting lakes - about. Syltran-Kel, located in the upper reaches of the Syltran River, the left tributary of the Baksan River. This lake is unlike others of tectonic origin. There are many beautiful waterfalls on the rivers of the Elbrus region. There are several of them only in the Djily-Su tract in the upper reaches of the Malka River. The most beautiful and largest is the Sultan waterfall. He falls from a height of more than forty meters. In the upper reaches of the Baksan river there are also waterfalls at pp. Azau, Garabashi, Terskol. The Maiden's Braids waterfall on the Gara-Bashi River is listed in the book "100 Most Beautiful Waterfalls in the World". The exceptional diversity of relief, temperature, moisture, soils contribute to the development of a wide variety of landscapes. The disunity of individual gorges and basins contributes to the formation of endemic and the preservation of relict species. The nature of the park is characterized by a combination in the animal and plant world of species typical of the steppe, Mediterranean regions of Western Asia. The vertical zonality of the climate determines the vertical zonality of the vegetation cover. The main belt types of vegetation of the national park are: nival, subnival, alpine subalpine, mountain-forest and mountain-steppe. Meadows are the predominant type of vegetation cover. A powerful belt of coniferous forests is replaced by a narrow strip of woody and shrubby woodlands, which gradually turn into a belt of subalpine, and then alpine meadows. The latter directly adjoin the snowfields and firn fields. The flora of flowering and higher vascular plants of Kabardino-Balkaria includes about 3000 species, which is 50% of the species growing in the Caucasus as a whole. The most attractive are alpine and subalpine meadows with a grass stand height of 8-15 cm, respectively, and from 40-50 to 70-80 cm. , Baksan wolfberry (lat. Daphne baksanica), monofraternal lily (lat. Lilium monadelphum), Dinnik's saxifrage (lat. Saxifraga diimikii), amazing cinquefoil (lat. Potentilla divina), Olympic catchment (lat. Aquilegia olympica), Albanian backache (lat. Pulsatilla albana), dolomite bellflower (lat. Campanula dolomitica), etc. A specially protected species of the mountain-meadow subalpine landscape is the Caucasian rhododendron (lat. Rhododendron caucasicum) - an evergreen shrub from the heather family Flora and vegetation of the Elbrus National Park: Plant species included in the Red RF book: Angiosperms: Radde birch / Betula raddeana Baksan wolfberry / Daphne baksanica Columnar saxifrage / Saxifraga columnaris Dolomite bell / Campanula dolomitica Caucasian hazel grouse / Fritillaria caucasica Fauna and animal world of the Elbrus National Park: The fauna of the national park is rich and includes 63 species of mammals, 111 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles, 8 species of amphibians, 6 species of fish and a huge number of insect species. cat, brown bear, roe deer, many birds, and the steppe zone of Europe - an ordinary mole rat, an ordinary hamster, a steppe polecat, a gray partridge, etc. Among the endemic species of the Caucasus are the West Caucasian tour (lat. Capra caucasica), Caucasian snowcock (lat. Tetraogallus caucasicus ), Caucasian black grouse (lat. Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi), Caucasian otter (lat. Lutra lutra meridionalis) and others. interesting views living in the park, it should be noted chamois, among the fish - brook trout (lat. Salmo trutta morpha fario). There are many endemic forms among insects. So, out of 63 species of diurnal butterflies, 20 species are found only in the Elbrus region. Animal species included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation: Invertebrates: Mnemosyne / Parnassius mnemosyneAmphibians: Asia Minor Newt / Triturus vittatus Birds: Saker Falcon / Falco cherrug Griffon Vulture / Gyps fulvus Golden Eagle / Aquila chrysaetos Bearded Vulture / Gypaetus barbatus European Tuvik / Accipiter brevipes Caucasus Great Black Grouse / Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Imperial Eagle / Aquila heliaca White-tailed Eagle / Haliaeetus albicillaPeregrine Falcon / Falco peregrinusVulture / Neophron percnopterusBlack Vulture / Aegypius monachusMammals: Horseshoe Bat / Rhinolophus ferrumequinumGiant Evening / Nyctalus lasiopterusCaucasian Otter / Lutra lutra meridionalisCaucasian Wildcat / Felis silvestris caucasicaLeopard / Panthera pardus Lesser Horseshoe Bat / Rhinolophus hipposideros Pointy-eared Bat / Myotis blythiTricolored Bat / Myotis emarginatus There are 23 recreational facilities on the territory of the national park, where about 5 thousand people can relax during the season. Planned tourism is mainly carried out under the auspices of the Elbrus Council for Tourism and Excursions. Excursions are conducted on 16 thematic routes. The park has a huge number of wonderful places worth visiting. This is a lot of natural monuments: the Narzans Glade, the upper reaches of the Malka River, the Sultan waterfall, the Dzhil-Su tract at the foot of Elbrus and others. Monuments of history, archeology and ethnography are represented here by the remains of residential and household buildings, burials. At the entrance to the national park in the Baksan Gorge, a historical and cultural zone is created with a network of historical and ethnographic excursions and routes, as well as workshops on folk crafts. A visit to the park can be combined with a visit to the astronomical and neutrino observatories, in Azau there is a museum of glaciology of the educational base of Moscow State University.
The Caucasus, a symbol of the beauty of mountain nature, which excited the imagination of Pushkin, Lermontov, Griboyedov, and many other Russian and foreign classics, continues to conquer tourists from all over the world with its extraordinary spectacle.
Of particular interest to everyone is the Elbrus National Park, located on the territory of the Baksan Valley, at the foot of one of the highest peaks in Europe - Mount Elbrus, known for its two peaks.
Elbrus National Park, located around Mount Elbrus.
Founded in 1986, the park is equipped with everything necessary for the recreation of tourists and skiers: there are excellent recreation centers and boarding houses, convenient lifts and wonderful ski slopes. You can almost ski all year round, excluding early spring, when avalanches are possible due to melting glaciers. The dazzling beauty of the snowy peaks, clean mountain air, Caucasian hospitality - all this makes the rest in the Elbrus region unique for everyone who has been here.
Big Azau (Baksan Glacier) is a landmark of the Elbrus region. In the Elbrus region, you can not only relax and go in for skiing, but also admire the exotic creations of the nature of the mountains. There is something to see here.
Elbrus itself is a unique creation in a series of mountains of the Caucasus: its Western peak reaches 5642 meters in height, and the Eastern one - 5621 meters. This is an extinct volcano made of granite and schist, its slopes are ideal for ski slopes.
Mount Cheget is located near Elbrus, the height of which reaches 3650 meters. This peak is conquered not only by professional climbers, but also simply by tourists to enjoy the fantastic beautiful views Baksan gorge, which open from the top of Cheget. From here you can also see the picturesque village of Terskol, inhabited by hospitable and hardworking Kabardino-Balkarians, the peaks of Donguz-Orun, Kogutan and Nakra, covered with glaciers sparkling in the sun. The slopes of Cheget are recognized as the most difficult ski slopes in the world.
There is also Gud-mountain, the history of which is connected with the legend of the evil spirit Gud. Lermontov, who knew this legend, used its motifs in his poem "The Demon". From the top of Guda one can also observe pictures of the majestic beauty of the Elbrus region.
The Narzanov Valley, which welcomes the guests of the Caucasus into its “baths”. A unique creation of the Caucasian nature is the Narzan Valley, located in the Baksan Gorge. Narzan, spouting from the earth, is so rich in iron that it has dyed it a reddish-brown color of rust. Narzan jets impress with their thickness and power.
Mineral water from the springs of Dzhily-Su attracts many people who take therapeutic baths and drink healing water.
The natural wonder of the Elbrus region is the Valley of Castles. The valley of the "castles" is another miracle of nature, consisting of bizarre forms of moraine remnants - the remains of solid rocks not susceptible to wind erosion. They rise on the plain, reminiscent of ancient exotic castles and create an unforgettable sight.
Stone mushrooms of the Elbrus national park. Stone "mushrooms" are the result of the impact of wind erosion on rocks, from the massif of which only pillars of stone with flat caps remained. Exotic "mushrooms" are located at an altitude of 3200 m.
No less exotic figures, striking the imagination with bizarre shapes, were formed from solidified lava at the foot of Elbrus.
The Kyzyl-Kol River is famous for its waterfalls, which are about 30 meters high. You can endlessly admire the jets and splashes sparkling in the sun: this spectacle is simply mesmerizing and suggests the power of the water element, capable of making its way even in volcanic solidified lava. But even more attention is drawn to the two-cascade waterfall on the Balyk-Su River, located near the confluence of this river with Kyzyl-Kol.
The contemplation of another unique place of the Elbrus region cannot leave indifferent - a plane with a smooth surface, located at an altitude of 2900 m, with an area of at least 400,000 sq.m. Among the people, it was called the "German Airfield": among local residents there is an opinion that during the war of 1941-45, German planes landed on this plane. This information is not confirmed by anything, but the area allows a large plane to land.
While visiting the Elbrus region, you can hear different legends. One of them tells about the healing power of narzan. A young man named Nart, which means a hero, climbed into the mountains to destroy the monster that tormented the mountaineers. Exhausted by the struggle of Nart, the monster chained him to a rock. Nart cried because he could not help his brothers, and his tears made their way through the stones and became healing springs. People, having drunk this water, became strong, were able to kill the monster and free Nart. And narzan became a drink that gives heroic strength.
A place called the "German airfield". The Elbrus region is a great place for lovers of skiing and adventure, connoisseurs of extraordinary natural beauties and incredible sensations.
Everyone who visits these places can bring home a wide variety of hand-knitted woolen and downy items made by local craftsmen.
Here you can buy various souvenirs for yourself and your loved ones, such as: tour horns, chasing and ceramics. Connoisseurs national cuisine will be able to taste ayran, cheeses, dried lamb and many other Caucasian delicacies.
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