What fertilizers should be applied to the ground in the fall. Features of fertilization in the garden plot in the fall

Before the approach of winter, plants need special care. In order for trees, flowers and shrubs to give a good harvest after it, it is necessary to prepare in advance for frost. To do this, you need to apply fertilizer to the soil in the fall. Indeed, in this way it will be possible to increase its fertility on the site.

Essential substances for plants

An excellent harvest for the next year can be obtained if the soil contains enough phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium and potassium. For example, nitrogen is needed by plants, as a rule, for active formation of foliage and shoots. That is why this substance is usually applied in the spring. Phosphorus accelerates the appearance of ovaries and flowers. Calcium is responsible for acidity, and potassium improves plant resistance to diseases and ensures their rapid growth.

In addition, garden trees and shrubs need such trace elements as:

• copper;
• magnesium;
• manganese;
• molybdenum and iron.

True, they require a small amount, in addition, they are found in ash, manure and are part of many mineral fertilizers. A small amount of trace elements can be returned to the soil with the ash obtained from the burning of haulm and weeds.

What fertilizer to apply in the fall?

Summer residents begin to prepare the ground for the cold weather in summer. More precisely, the berries are in June, and the trees are in July. For example, after picking strawberries, you can immediately start feeding the soil. The same thing happens with currants and gooseberries. Gardeners fertilize the land until the beginning of October. It is not recommended to feed it later, as the plants stop growing and go into a dormant state. Because of this, they do not have time to get enough nutrients, so feeding will be ineffective.

Litter and manure

This type of fertilizer is used to improve soil fertility in the garden. When fertilizing with such substances, it is necessary to know the norms in order for the effect to be noticeable. It is impossible to apply fresh chicken manure and manure under a shrub or tree, as these fertilizers can burn the root system. They can only be used in their pure form for digging. And this should be done every few years.

Ash

Get a similar fertilizer from burning weeds and grass. It contains many valuable trace elements. The introduction of ash is also carried out for autumn digging, but not more than once every 3 years. By the way, it is perfect for the soil, where cabbage, potatoes, raspberries and strawberries will grow.

Peat

Such autumn fertilizer should not be used for digging in its pure form. It is advisable to use it for making compost. High-moor peat contains a huge amount of organic substances that can retain moisture, and is also very acidic. Lowland peat has more nutrients, though not by much, and has a slightly acid reaction.

Compost

Most gardeners prefer to distribute ready-made compost before winter. As a rule, it is dug up instead of with soil or its surface is covered with this fertilizer before plowing.

It is more efficient to use such a substrate in the following way: having removed the entire crop in the garden, they dig out the weeds, after which, without digging, they cover the beds with a layer of compost. But it will need more sprinkle with any EM preparation, which should be diluted according to the instructions. Then they move on to loosening the earth and leave until the onset of spring.

With this approach, the soil does not turn sour and does not lose fertility, moreover, it does not need additional fertilization. After processing in this way, it is used to grow early varieties of vegetables. So, when preparing beds for growing potatoes with compost dusting, the timing of its collection is shifted by about 14 days.

In autumn, this substrate can also be used in the garden. Ripe compost protects the root area of ​​fruit crops well. This fertilizer is placed around the trunk in a thick layer. When the first warm days after winter come, the trunk circles are loosened, thereby integrating the compost into the soil complex.

Sawdust

Sawdust is suitable for autumn digging. With them, sandy soils will become better at retaining moisture, and clay soils will will be looser. When such a fertilizer is applied, humus accumulates in the earth, so it becomes black. Although one should take into account the fact that when sawdust rots, nitrogen leaves it and acidity increases, so everything is good in moderation. You can't use them every year.

siderates

This type of fertilizer is considered the cheapest. At the end of summer, green manure plants begin to be sown, and in autumn the earth is dug up. Thus, this green mass is embedded in the soil. Such fertilizers include:

• Lupine;
• Clover;
• Cereals or oats;
• Mustard and others.

It is possible to sow green manure even near the trunk circle of trees and shrubs. Over the years, the soil becomes impoverished, so fertilization is necessary, otherwise you will not get a good harvest.

Fertilizing the soil with mineral fertilizers

These inorganic substances are produced during human-controlled chemical reactions, or mined from the depths of the earth. Mineral fertilizers are potash, nitrogen and phosphorus. Moreover, they can contain various micro and macro elements necessary for the normal life of trees.

• Saltpeters: calcium, sodium and ammonium;
• Urea;
• Ammonium sulfate.

ammonium sulphate when fertilizing the earth, it releases nitrogen, which is consumed by plants. Ammonia acts in a completely different way: it practically does not leave the soil and binds into a sedentary compound. Fertilizer of this type should be applied during autumn digging on heavy soils, but on light soils it is better to do this in spring.

Plants quickly absorb fertilizer such as ammonium nitrate. The soil is fed to her during spring preparation, and even in the summer, but as a stimulating top dressing.

Urea is the most concentrated fertilizer. It is sold in granules or powder form. Any type of soil can be treated with urea.

And here phosphate fertilizers contribute so that the root system of the plant develops well. They are perfectly retained by the earth and are sparingly soluble. These qualities allow you to use them in the fall and even in the spring before planting.

Phosphate fertilizers such as tomasslag, superphosphate, and phosphate rock are in great demand. Moreover, summer residents recommend fertilizing the land in the fall with superphosphate.

On leached chernozems and various subspecies of soddy-podgolden soils, it is better to apply phosphorite flour in autumn. This natural fertilizer is extracted from sedimentary rocks of phosphorites.

Thomasslag can be obtained during the smelting of cast iron. Moreover, it serves as the main fertilizer in the autumn top dressing of the earth.

Potash autumn fertilizers contribute to the carbohydrate and protein synthesis of plants. Moreover, they increase their resistance to pests and adverse weather conditions. Most often in amateur gardening, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride is used.

Potassium sulphate does not contain chlorine. But it is rich in calcium and magnesium, and it can also be used on different types of soil. Also does not contain chlorine and kalimag. It is effective on light sandy and sandy soils.

Potash fertilizers with chlorine applied on any type of soil in the fall, because it completely decomposes before the summer into safe compounds, so they do not affect the quality of fruits and vegetables in any way.

Liming the earth during autumn digging

If the soil on the site is too acidic, then it is necessary to lime it so that it fully absorbs lime by the onset of the summer season. Be sure to lime the ground for planting table root crops, especially red beets. If this is not done, then the harvest can not be expected.

In addition, in the garden and garden you can use dolomite flour deoxidizing soil. Moreover, it contains an element necessary for the development of the leaf apparatus of plants, and magnesium. It should be remembered that raspberries and cherries on magnesium-poor land give a meager harvest.

Is ash really that good?

For trees and shrubs, ash is really very important, as it contains at least 30 microelements and all the nutrients. Moreover, phosphorus is absorbed from it much better than from superphosphate, and potassium is able to quickly dissolve in water. In addition, there is practically no chlorine in the ash, so it is used to feed currants, raspberries, strawberries, potatoes, cabbage and strawberries.

Such fertilizer can be applied during the autumn digging. At the same time, vegetable ash spend on 10 sq. m. about 3 kg, and wood - 7 kg. Its action lasts approximately 4 years. Often on swampy, sandy and sandy soil there is a lack of boron. To feed the plant with this nutrient, you need to make 1 sq. m 10 g of ash.

But this fertilizer should not be mixed with phosphorus and organic fertilizers, otherwise nitrogen loss may occur, and their digestibility will deteriorate. When creating composts, it is desirable to sprinkle layers of plant residues and manure with ash. True, you need to use wood resin from country plant residues, and not peat or coal.

Never don't use ash from burning newspapers and books, because they contain a huge amount of lead. Fertilizer is also not suitable for burning plastic, garbage and rubber.

The choice of fertilizers for autumn digging depends on various factors. At the same time, the chemical and physical composition of the earth is important, as well as the need for nutrients of those plants that you plan to grow.

How to fertilize the land in the fall, if there is no manure? This question is asked by many gardeners. After all, autumn is the perfect time to fertilize. In winter, the soil rests, and all the organisms that are in it allow you to process useful components. In addition, fertilizing in the fall allows you to prepare the garden and garden for spring.

Synthetic or natural

After harvesting, it is necessary for the next season. However, not all summer residents know how to fertilize the land in the fall if there is no manure? Someone thinks that it is better to use several complex mixes at once. And someone, on the contrary, recommends using various fertilizers separately. This is the wrong approach. After all, some natural and synthetic additives can lose most of their beneficial properties during the winter.

In order to use fertilizers correctly, you need to know exactly which one can be applied to the soil in the fall, and which one should be left until spring. In addition, it should be noted that not all additives are universal. Some can only be used for trees, while others can only be used for soil intended for planting vegetables.

bird droppings

So, how to fertilize the land in the fall, if there is no manure. Bird droppings are considered the most concentrated organic fertilizer. This dressing is ideal for strawberries. However, it is very difficult to apply such fertilizer in spring and summer. After all, bird droppings are a caustic substance that can ruin a plant. Especially if the solution got on the roots of the bush. In addition, top dressing must be carefully prepared. Bird droppings are fermented, then defended and diluted with water.

It is best to use this fertilizer in the fall. Such organic matter can be introduced into the soil, which will then be dug up. Bird droppings do not need to be prepared and bred. Moreover, there is no need to fertilize annually. In addition, it can adversely affect the condition of the plants. It is better to bring bird droppings into the ground once every few years.

Compost application

How to fertilize the land in the fall, if there is no manure and bird droppings? In this case, many summer residents use compost, distributing it throughout the site. Often such fertilizer is dug up along with the soil. You can also cover the ground with compost in a continuous layer just before plowing. However, according to experts, these are not the most effective methods.

After the entire crop has been removed from the beds, all weeds should be weeded out. After that, the soil does not need to be dug up. It should be covered with a uniform layer of compost. In conclusion, it is recommended to pour the supplement with an EM preparation, previously diluted in accordance with the instructions. After processing, the earth should be loosened with a Fokin flat cutter and not touched until spring. This method of composting allows you to maintain soil fertility. The earth does not turn sour.

What plants are suitable for

Thanks to this top dressing in the spring, additional top dressing is not necessary. Suitable fertilizer for potatoes. In autumn, compost is distributed over the site, and tubers are planted in spring. Harvest dates are shifted by about 2 weeks. It should be noted that this fertilizer is suitable for all early vegetable crops.

What fertilizers to apply in the fall under fruit trees? Many advise using compost. After all, the garden also needs additional nutrition. It should be noted that such a substrate is often used to protect the root zone of all fruit trees. To do this, the compost is laid in a fairly thick layer around the trunk along the entire diameter. Fertilizer is left here until spring. When the first warm days come, the soil near the trunks must be carefully loosened. Thanks to such manipulations, the useful components contained in the substrate penetrate deep into the soil and begin to nourish the roots of trees and shrubs.

Is it worth using ash

Apply organic fertilizers in the fall to the soil should be wisely. Ashes should also be attributed to natural dressings. This substance is rich in potassium. It is usually applied to heavy, clay soils. If the soil is soft, then it makes no sense to use quality. It will be washed out by spring meltwater from the soil structure. As for the application rate, only a glass of ash is required per 1 square meter.

It is worth noting that this fertilizer is ideal not only for replenishing potassium reserves in the soil, but also for combating some pests that can cause severe harm to certain crops. To do this, the area that will be used for planting garlic and onions must be carefully sprinkled with ash. This should be done on the last warm autumn days. The ash should cover the beds with a fairly dense layer at least 1 centimeter thick.

This organic fertilizer can be used to protect winter garlic and onions. In this case, the amount of ash is recommended to be reduced. The thickness of the layer should be no more than 20 millimeters.

Superphosphate

What fertilizers are applied in the fall to the soil? It can be not only organic top dressing, but also synthetic. For example, superphosphate. The main component of this compound is phosphorus. This substance is heavier than the rest dissolves in the soil. Therefore, it is recommended to make such supplements in the fall. Phosphate fertilizers are the main group of fertilizers. For 6 months, the active component has time to completely dissolve. In summer, phosphorus is an excellent nutrient base for any plant.

How much to deposit

Fertilizers for digging in the fall should be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. If there are no instructions on the package, then you should adhere to the following rules:

1. Monophosphate (simple superphosphate) - 40 to 50 grams are required per 1 m 2.
2. Double superphosphate - 20 to 30 grams are required per 1 m 2.
3. Superphosphate granulated - 1 m 2 requires from 35 to 40 grams.

As for ammoniated superphosphate, it is not used for autumn application. After all, such a fertilizer is enriched with nitrogen, which is lost during the winter. Many experts recommend adding preparations containing potassium to the soil along with superphosphates. Without this component, phosphorus will not dissolve well.

Is it possible to use phosphate rock

So, what fertilizers are applied in the fall to the soil? This list includes phosphate rock. It is used for fertilizing impoverished and leached chernozems, which are being prepared for spring liming. This supplement is of natural origin. These are crushed rocks.

Many experts recommend applying such fertilizers for digging in the fall along with manure. This contributes to a better dissolution of phosphorus in the soil. In addition, it is not suitable for every plant, as it contains calcium. The main advantage of the supplement is the natural composition. This fertilizer is absolutely safe for humans.

Organic fertilizer - urea

Fertilizing the soil in autumn is an important process. For these purposes, you can use urea. It refers to nitrogen supplements. The second name of the substance is urea. The main active ingredient is nitrogen of the amide form. Thanks to this component, urea can be applied to the soil in the fall. Indeed, during this period, it makes no sense to use nitrogen fertilizers. As for urea, the main substance in it is contained in the amide form. This prevents nitrogen from leaving the soil.

How to use urea

So, what fertilizers to apply in the fall under fruit trees, and which ones to use for beds? Urea is usually used in combination with phosphorus additives. Of course, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in the spring. However, the time for this will be much less. To fertilize the soil, superphosphate should be neutralized with limestone or chalk. In this case, it is worth observing the proportions. For 1 kilogram of superphosphate, 100 grams of limestone or chalk is required. Two parts of carbamide should be added to one part of such a mixture. The mixture should be mixed and then applied to the soil. For 1 m 2, from 120 to 150 grams of the finished composition is required.

As for fruit trees, urea in combination with manure should be used for top dressing. In this case, the amount of carbamide should be less. For 1 m 2, from 40 to 50 grams will be enough. In this case, it is worth considering which tree the fertilizer will be applied under. For example, to feed an apple tree, 40 grams of superphosphate, 70 grams of urea and 5 buckets of animal organics are required.

Potassium sulfate

Fertilizing the soil in autumn is of particular importance. Calcium sulphate is an additive that is used in combination with phosphate and nitrogen supplements. Such a preparation is often used to fertilize the soil around gooseberry, currant and raspberry bushes. In addition, the additive is suitable for fertilizing garden strawberries and strawberries.

Potassium sulphate, which was introduced into the soil in the fall, allows shrubs to easily overwinter. At the same time, the percentage of survival of horticultural crops increases even with severe frosts. As for the dosage, 1 m 2 requires no more than 30 grams of fertilizer.

Calcium chloride

A similar substance is used as a fertilizer for potatoes. In autumn, the drug is scattered over the fields. Suitable for soil that will be used for spring planting of chlorine intolerant plants. This substance is an unstable element. Six months after the application of such a fertilizer, chlorine will partially disappear or dissolve in melt water. At the same time, calcium will be well preserved in the soil. It is recommended to apply no more than 20 grams of such fertilizer per 1 m 2.

It is not recommended to introduce microelements individually into the ground in the autumn period, since only a small part of them will remain by spring. As a result, the substances will not be able to affect the yield of plants.

Fertilizers applied in the fall are extremely important. After all, they help plants withstand adverse weather conditions. We have collected useful information about what fertilizers to apply in the fall to help the garden, vegetable garden, flower garden and lawn to winter.

In the rainiest time of the year, plants are fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which increase frost resistance and help resist diseases. It is not recommended to use nitrogen fertilizers during this period, as they provoke the growth of young shoots, which often do not have time to ripen before the cold weather and, as a result, freeze slightly, at the same time causing damage to the entire plant.

Autumn fertilizer for the garden

Fertilizing the soil in the fall is extremely important, because it is during this period that plants have the last chance to accumulate nutrients that will help them survive the winter frosts.

The most important elements during this period are phosphorus and potassium, which promote the growth of the root system, as well as increase the resistance of plants to diseases and adverse weather conditions.

Autumn fertilizers for berry bushes

One of the most popular phosphate fertilizers is superphosphate. On the shelves of stores you can find ordinary (20% phosphorus) or double superphosphate (49% phosphorus), which contains less ballast substances. For feeding berry bushes, you can use 1-2 tbsp. superphosphate under one bush. Fertilizer is scattered over the entire area of ​​the near-stem circle and closed up to a depth of 7-10 cm.

From potash fertilizers in the fall, you can use both sulfate and potassium chloride (15-20 g per 1 sq.m.). The chlorine contained in the last fertilizer will have time to evaporate by the beginning of the new growing season and will not cause any harm to the berry bushes.

Beginning gardeners often wonder when to apply autumn fertilizers? Is it possible to do this in one fell swoop, with a generous hand scattering granules under all the trees and shrubs at once? Unfortunately not: the timing of fertilization in the fall for different shrubs is different. So, currants are fed in the third decade of September, gooseberries - at the end of the first autumn month, and raspberries - in October.

Mineral fertilizers can be combined with organic. For example, under an adult gooseberry bush, 8-15 kg of humus and 40 g of potassium sulfate can be added. Experienced gardeners partially incorporate humus into the soil, and partially use it as mulch.

When feeding raspberries and currants, 10-15 kg of humus is combined with 60 g of superphosphate and 40 g of potassium salt for each bush. For better penetration of fertilizers, they are introduced into grooves 20 cm deep, which are dug 30 cm from the bush.

Berry bushes respond well to chicken droppings. Dry litter is applied for digging at the rate of 0.8 kg per 1 sq.m, avoiding contact of fertilizer with plant roots. Some gardeners prefer to water the aisles with a solution of chicken manure (1:15).

Of the organic fertilizers that are suitable for feeding berry bushes, one can also note wood ash, which is especially liked by raspberries. However, this fertilizer is undesirable to use more often than once every 3-4 years.

Autumn fertilizers for fruit trees

Apple and pear trees can also be fed with double superphosphate (30 g per 1 sq. M of the trunk circle). Every year in September, it is recommended to use potassium sulfate (30 g per 1 sq.m) or potassium monophosphate dissolved in water (10-15 g per 10 liters of water at the rate of 10 liters of solution per 1 sq.m).

Experienced gardeners believe that plums, cherries and apricots can be fed with double superphosphate and potassium sulfate in the same dosages. But at the same time, in order to normalize the acidity of the soil, it is advisable to apply 300 g of lime per 1 sq.m. every five years.

From organic fertilizers in autumn, fruit trees will like humus. It is embedded in the soil under cherries and plums - to a depth of 12-15 cm, under apple and pear trees - to a depth of 15-20 cm. Trees up to 8 years old require about 30 kg of humus, older plants - about 50 kg of this organic fertilizer.

As an alternative, rotted (2-3 years) manure can be used. 4-5 kg ​​of fertilizer is applied to the near-stem circles of fruit trees for digging.

Autumn fertilizers for conifers

There are several views on the autumn feeding of conifers. Some gardeners believe that fertilizers can only be applied in the spring, as well as in the middle of summer, so that the young non-lignified shoots that form due to late top dressing do not freeze in winter.

But sometimes, with a deficiency of microelements, plants develop chlorosis, which is expressed in the acquisition of lighter needles or, conversely, brownish shades. In addition, some gardeners claim that autumn feeding is important for the normal functioning of the roots. Be that as it may, the presence of industrial autumn fertilizers intended specifically for coniferous plants confirms that it is useful to feed Christmas trees and pines in autumn.

Among such fertilizers, Florovit is widely used, which contributes to the lignification of shoots, as well as increasing frost resistance. You can feed plants with Florovit until the end of September, scattering granules on the ground around trees and shrubs (at the rate of 5 g per 1 m of tree or shrub height).

In general, when feeding coniferous plants, it is desirable to be guided by the principle "it is better to undersalt than oversalted". If you are in doubt whether your green pets need late feeding, simply mulch the tree trunks with softwood bark. As it decomposes, it will fertilize and acidify the soil, as well as provide plant roots with additional protection from frost.

Autumn fertilizers for strawberries (garden strawberries)

Autumn top dressing of strawberries is possible from September to October. Plants respond well to organic fertilizers, in particular, to bird droppings, diluted with water 1:15-20 and infused for 2 days. With this composition, grooves are shed between the bushes, carefully bypassing the rosette of leaves.

You can also use mullein diluted 1:10 with water, or slurry diluted 1:8 and left to infuse for 2 days. Under one bush, you can use no more than 1 liter of fertilizer.

From mineral fertilizers, a mixture of nitrophoska (2 tablespoons) and potassium salt (20 g), diluted with 10 liters of water, can be a good option. The maximum allowable portion of fertilizer for one strawberry bush is 1 liter.

If you are going to transplant garden strawberries, then about 40 g of nitrophoska can also be added to each well. However, you need to make sure that the roots of the plants do not come into contact with the fertilizer, otherwise they may get burned.

An excellent option for autumn fertilizer when transplanting strawberries can be wood ash (1 cup per 1 sq.m).

Autumn fertilizer for roses

In autumn, roses can be fed twice: in early September (if your roses finished blooming late), and also in late September - early October. Autumn fertilization can be root and foliar.

For root dressing, you can use a complex autumn fertilizer intended directly for these beautiful flowers (according to the instructions), or you can prepare a balanced top dressing yourself. To do this, 16 g of potassium monophosphate and 15 g of superphosphate are diluted in 10 liters of water. This volume is enough to feed plants on an area of ​​4-5 sq.m.

Roses also respond well to feeding with the following solution: 10 g of potassium sulfate, 25 g of superphosphate and 2.5 g of boric acid - per 10 liters of water.

When applying boric acid, be careful - its excess can cause root burns and lead to disruption of vegetation.

At the same time, in order to avoid potassium starvation, it is important to feed the roses with ashes. To do this, you can use an ash solution (100 g of ash per 10 liters of water) or simply sprinkle the soil around the bushes with ash.

Ashes can also be successfully used for foliar feeding (200 g per 10 liters of water).

Also in autumn, majestic garden beauties can be sprayed with a solution of potassium monophosphate and superphosphate (5 g of each drug per 10 liters of water).

Autumn fertilizer for lilies

Fertilizing with phosphorus and potassium will significantly increase the winter hardiness of the bulbs, which means that next year the plants will not take much time to recover from the frost, and they will please you with beautiful buds earlier. In order for the lilies to accumulate enough nutrients, you can use superphosphate (1 tbsp double or 2 tbsp simple) and potassium magnesia (1.5 tbsp) in a bucket of water. This amount of solution is sufficient for watering 1 sq.m of plantings.

Also, in late autumn, slightly frozen soil can be mulched with a 10-centimeter layer of compost, which will become both fertilizer and an additional warm "fur coat" for wintering bulbs.

Autumn lawn fertilizers

Many people think that for a beautiful lawn, you just need to get good seeds and regularly mow the organic green "mat". But that's not the case at all. Lawn grass, like other plants, requires care, including timely feeding. Popular autumn lawn fertilizers are bone meal (2-3 cups per 1 sq.m), as well as superphosphate (50-70 g per 1 sq.m).

Of the ready-made complex fertilizers, granular fertilizer of prolonged action Fertik lawn autumn, as well as Bona Forte lawn, are popular. The optimal time for introducing these compounds into the soil is the end of August - the beginning of September.

In addition, to make your green lawn happy next year, in the fall you can spray ash over it, which is also a good absorbent for harmful substances that can damage the appearance of your lawn. This procedure can be repeated in the spring after the snow melts.

Autumn fertilizer for the garden

In autumn, the crop is usually already harvested. Of course, there are winter crops. For example, when planting winter garlic, the soil must be prepared in late August - early September. To do this, for digging on 1 sq.m of area, you can add 10 kg of humus, 1 glass of chalk, 2 tbsp. potassium sulfate and 1 tbsp. superphosphate.

But it is unlikely that winter onions and garlic will occupy your entire garden. Therefore, the released soil can be properly fertilized, without fear of burning the tender roots of plants. What kind of fertilizer does the garden need in the fall?

Organic fertilizers for the garden

rotted manure or compost make every 3-4 years for digging at the rate of 3-4 kg per 1 sq.m.

bird droppings is a more concentrated fertilizer. Therefore, it is introduced at the rate of 2 kg per 1 sq.m of beds.

Soil fertilized ash, cabbage will especially like it in spring.

Also, this fertilizer is applied when preparing a plot for potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, radishes, dill, carrots, parsley, peas, beans, beets, watercress. If you add ash every few years, you can spend about 1 kg per 1 sq.m. But if you feed the plants more often, most of your green pets will need 1 cup per 1 sq.m. The ash is not only an excellent source of minerals, but also reduces the acidity of the soil.

And in the case of onions and garlic, ash can be a prophylactic that protects against root rot. To do this, in the fall, for digging, you can add up to 2 cups of ash per 1 sq.m.

Green manure as autumn fertilizer

Siderates are plants with a powerful root system and a rapidly growing green mass. They can be sown after harvest and then mowed and incorporated into the soil. In the process of decomposition, such plants enrich the earth with nutrients.

Legumes (field peas, lentils, clover, annual lupine, spring vetch, alfalfa, sweet clover) can be used as green manure; cereals (spring oats and barley, millet, winter varieties of rye and wheat). Phacelia, sunflower, buckwheat, amaranth, marigolds have proven themselves well as green manure.

Mineral autumn fertilizers for the garden

The most popular autumn fertilizer - superphosphate, which, due to its not too rapid decomposition, is excellent for incorporation into the soil in the rainiest season. Ordinary superphosphate is applied on average at the rate of 40-50 g per 1 sq.m, the application rate of double superphosphate is 20-30 g per 1 sq.m.

A classic autumn fertilizer is also potassium chloride. Before using it, it is important to carefully study the instructions in order to correctly calculate the dosage. But on average they use about 10-20 g of fertilizer per 1 sq.m. When working with potassium chloride, it is recommended to wear goggles and a respirator.

Potassium sulfate does not contain chlorine harmful to many plants. In autumn, the granules, as a rule, are embedded in the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm. The application rates depend on the plants that will grow in this area in the future. For cucumbers, on average, they add about 15 g per 1 sq.m, for tomatoes - 20 g, for cabbage and turnips - 25 g, for potatoes - 35 g.

Whatever fertilizer you choose for your garden, vegetable garden, flower garden or lawn, it is important to remember that the harvest will not be joyful if it does harm instead of good. But, as you know, the amount of certain elements in similar, at first glance, fertilizers from different manufacturers may differ slightly. And even organic top dressing in significant quantities can contribute to the accumulation of nitrates in the crop. An eloquent example of this is manure or chicken manure. Therefore, when applying any autumn fertilizers to the soil, it is important to check the instructions or recommendations of experienced specialists, and in no case exceed dosages.

If you want to get an excellent harvest in the form of berries every year, you need to properly fertilize. They start work after the berries are harvested from both shrubs and beds. So, for example, currants and strawberries ripen early enough, and therefore it is possible to process such plants already at the end of summer. In this case, organic compounds are suitable for feeding:

• Ash is considered an excellent fertilizer for both bushes and berries;
• Qualitatively enrich the land with manure and chicken manure. The compositions are introduced during the digging of the beds, carefully laying around the bushes. You need to be very careful when working with manure - try not to get the mixture on the roots of plants, which can lead to burns of the root system.

We must not forget about the complex. Here you should be very careful when using them - be sure to read the instructions.

Do not forget that all plants perceive fertilizers mixed with water much better.

You can buy ready-made solutions in advance, or you can do everything at home, having studied the dosage of the compounds in advance. It should be noted that the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer introduced in the fall will allow the plants to survive the severe cold. In early spring, it is these additives that provoke the rapid growth of shoots.

Fertilizing the soil in autumn: we feed the trees

It is very important to know how fertilizer is applied in the fall under fruit trees, and what nutrients to use. Thanks to well-conducted activities, you can significantly increase the level of productivity, protect trees from cold and exhaustion.

• Of the organic substances for trees, bird droppings, manure and a little peat mixed with compost are suitable. Thanks to their introduction, you "feed" the root system of trees, creating comfortable conditions for growth and development. Organics are introduced into the near-stem circles, which are dug up after harvesting. Of the mineral fertilizers, phosphorus is best suited, as well as potassium chloride and potassium salts. Ammonium nitrate will also work.
• If you are more interested in natural top dressings (green manure), you should pay attention to grain and legume mixtures. They should be sown in the 20th of August around each tree, dug into the soil. Of green manure, oats and rye are also suitable, which enrich the soil, nourishing it, together with the root system of trees, with useful microelements.

Now you know what fertilizers to apply in the fall under fruit trees. And therefore, we can say with confidence that very good results in the form of large harvests await you next year! The main thing is not to forget about caring for the garden, treating plants from diseases and pests in time.

What fertilizer for beds to apply in the fall?

All fertilizers applied in the fall should be used only after harvesting from the beds. The soil weakens over the season, loses a lot of nutrients, especially during the growing season of plants, and therefore it is impossible to do without top dressing. This will restore the natural balance of the soil, preparing it not only for frost, but also for the next planting season.

It is best to use organic compounds: compost, manure, litter, which we evenly distribute over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site, having dug up the ground in advance. The cheapest and easiest way to fertilize the soil is to use green manure, which is first sown throughout the garden, after which the soil is dug up and watered.

From organic it should be noted:

• Litter and manure are valuable types of fertilizers that are responsible for soil fertility. They should be applied during digging, trying not to get on the plant - this can cause a burn.
• Ash, which is also brought in for digging every few years. The optimal dose is about 1 kg of ash per square meter of land. This fertilizer is best suited for strawberries, raspberries, potatoes.
• Thanks to the introduction of compost, long-term soil fertility can be ensured. About 3.5 kg should be applied per 1 square meter of land.
• Siderats are the cheapest and at the same time environmentally friendly fertilizer for the soil. They are sown in August, dug up shallow, planting seeds of plants in the soil. Such fertilizer is suitable not only for vegetable crops - they can be sown near trees and shrubs.

Knowing what fertilizers to apply, while following all the recommendations we have given, you can be sure that your site will be ready for planting crops again in the spring! And due to the fact that the soil will be enriched with nutrients and substances, you can expect a good harvest!

All gardeners know that almost immediately after harvesting, you need to prepare the site for the next season - dig up the ground and apply fertilizer. At first glance, this seems like an elementary task, but in reality, everything does not look so simple - the process requires certain conditions to be met, otherwise the result will be far from expected. How is the digging of the earth carried out in the fall, and what rules must be followed in order to get good fruits in the future?

Previously, autumn digging was considered an obligatory stage of soil care, and after the onset of the first cold weather, all land owners without fail took up shovels. Today, many gardeners and gardeners consider it a useless and even harmful event, and its adherents and opponents cite various arguments in defense of their point of view.

Arguments for"

If you believe the arguments that are made in favor of seasonal digging, the procedure significantly improves the characteristics of the soil and increases the chances of getting a good harvest.

Attention! Digging the earth should not be confused with loosening - in the first case, the soil is thrown in a vertical direction, affecting its deep layers, and in the second, only the top layer is exposed.

Arguments against"

Opponents of autumn digging argue that intervention in the deep structures of the soil leads to negative consequences and contributes to the disruption of the processes that occur there, which is why the earth has to recover for a long time.

Important! Earthworms can really be called the best friends of gardeners and gardeners, so it is categorically not recommended to destroy these animals.

Do I need to dig the earth in the fall

Adherents and opponents of seasonal digging of the earth agree on one thing - in the autumn, the soil requires appropriate processing. Instead of wielding a shovel, some gardeners choose to mulch the beds, that is, they are covered with mowed grass or hay, sometimes with compost. True, such an event is more time-consuming and is far from suitable for all regions - in places with high humidity, fungi or other pathogenic microorganisms can settle under the mulch, which will cause plantings to hurt.

At the same time, digging the earth should not be abused either. Experienced gardeners recommend holding such an event only in the following cases:

Loose and sandy soils do not need deep working - they should be loosened well enough, and only areas with a large number of weeds should be dug up. Frequent digging in such areas is harmful, as they can disrupt the natural structure of the soil. It is not recommended to carry out the procedure in areas of water and wind erosion, as well as on too wet and swampy soils.

Advice! Humidity in the area can be checked using a simple test - take a handful of earth and mash it a little in your hands. If the lump is well formed, but the hands remain clean, then the soil moisture is optimal, if dirt remains on the palms, the moisture is excessive, and if the lump does not form at all, it is insufficient.

Terms of digging the earth in the fall

It is necessary to dig up the earth before the first frost and snow, when the temperature is set at 10-19 degrees. It is not worth carrying out the procedure during heavy rainfall - snow buried deep into the ground will make it difficult to warm it up in the spring, and digging during periods of heavy rain will only compact the ground. If you dig up the garden when the sun is still shining with might and main outside the window, beneficial microorganisms will die, and the layers will dry out too much. The best time to start the event is the end of September or the beginning of October.

On average, digging is recommended to be carried out 15 cm deep, but it is also necessary to take into account the types of plants that will grow in one or another part of the garden - for root crops, the depth is 25-30 cm, for other crops 12-15 cm. just shift, cleaning out the roots of weeds, and do not break large earthen piles - they will not allow the soil to compact during heavy rainfall.

In addition, it is recommended to immediately designate the scope of work - arrange the site into beds and passages, lay them with stones or turf, and then dig up the plots intended for planting. If the garden is located on a slope, digging should always go across it, and on steep slopes it is better to arrange the beds with ledges.

As a tool for work, you can choose a well-sharpened bayonet shovel or "American". For shallow digging or loosening, you can choose a pitchfork - with their help, you can effectively “comb out” the roots of weeds. It is better to dig large areas with a walk-behind tractor or a cultivator - the process will go much faster and more efficiently.

Important! Autumn digging of the garden can facilitate the spring cultivation of the land, but will not be able to replace it, and if the deadlines for the event are missed, it is better to refuse it - mistakes during its implementation will cause serious harm to the soil.

Video - Digging the earth in autumn

What fertilizer to apply to the ground in the fall

One of the stages of soil treatment, which is carried out along with digging or loosening, is top dressing of the soil, which will increase its fertility and saturate it with nutrients. Especially in this procedure, loamy and clay soils are needed, which in winter are compressed so much that practically nothing grows on them.

They need to be dug up in the autumn and one, and sometimes several types of fertilizers should be applied. The procedure requires compliance with certain conditions, primarily the amount and frequency of application of nutrients.

Table 1. Fertilizers for the soil.

The general rule that applies to almost all fertilizers is that it is not recommended to apply them too deeply (especially for organic mixtures), otherwise they will not decompose, but oxidize, which will significantly worsen the composition of the soil.

With proper conduct and compliance with all conditions, the autumn digging of the garden will significantly improve the characteristics of the soil, increase its fertility and the chances of getting a good harvest.