In Russian cuisine, greens most often mean dill, cockerel, and green onions. That is, these are those green herbs that are spices.
Despite the seeming ease of cultivation, these plants have their own characteristics, which we will discuss below.
Growing greens. Selection of planting material, seeds
Parsley. Biennial plant. Has two types: root(root cone-shaped, thickened) and sheet(root thin, curved). Each species has its own varieties. Possesses the increased frost resistance (takes out to - 10 °C). The crop can be harvested from early spring to late autumn. The necessary conditions for this are very simple. Landing is recommended to be carried out at a certain frequency, for example, every three weeks. To do this, in the prepared beds we make grooves 1-2 cm deep at a distance of 15 cm from each other. The first sprouts should appear from 9 to 15 days. Parsley is not covered for the winter. The basics of care are quite simple: exercise watering greenery in the evening, thin out when 1-2 leaves of the plant appear (the first time you need to leave a distance of 3 cm, after a couple of weeks we increase the distance to 10 cm), remove weeds and loosen the soil. As for top dressing, if you have fertilized the soil, you do not need to take any additional action. And if something bothered you, then during the growing season, parsley can be fed with nitrogen fertilizers.
Parsley varieties, in fact, are not so many. You can easily choose seeds for growing greens according to your taste and desire. The most popular: Sugar, Leafy, Ordinary, Curly.
Dill. An annual herbaceous plant. The necessary conditions for growing this herb are similar to those for parsley. Seeds can germinate already at -4°C. That is, already in April, you can start planting seeds in open ground. If frosts are expected, then the seedlings must be covered with protective material. The greens of plants planted in autumn can be cut two weeks earlier. Dill loves sunlight and constant watering, i.e. wet soil. So that this plant does not turn into an ordinary weed, select a separate bed for it. Also, the features of care include thinning seedlings that have reached about 6 cm in height. The final distance from each other should be approximately 20 cm.
Dill varieties differ little from each other in taste and aroma. The main difference in terms of maturation:
Early ripe (Gribovsky, Far, Aurora);
Mid-season Lesnogorodsky, Bushy, Abundantly deciduous);
Late ripening (Alligator, Kibray, Dill).
green onion. Biennial and perennial herbaceous plant of the bulbous family. Unpretentious to climatic conditions and is easy to care for. Different varieties of greens are grown in approximately the same way with the same necessary conditions. For planting, take a bulb of medium or small size. A large onion will take up a lot of space and it will take longer for the feather to come out. Onions can be planted in open ground in autumn before frost, or in early spring. The place should be chosen sunny and dry. Watering should be carried out regularly, preventing the soil from drying out. Before planting, it is recommended to soak the bulbs in warm water for a day and cut off the top from them. It is believed that thanks to these simple actions, the forcing of onions to greens will happen faster and the yield will increase. Most often, onions are planted so-called. in a strip method, in which the bulbs are placed at a distance of 2-5 cm from each other between rows located approximately at a distance of 10-20 cm.
Onion scheme for planting
But the bridge method can also be used, in which the bulbs are stacked close to each other (10 kg of onion per 1 m²). If planting takes place in winter, then it is recommended to pour humus or manure on top in a small layer, and in the spring to remove and install a film frame on the bed. From October to April, it is recommended to grow onions for greens in a greenhouse, and from February to May - in a greenhouse. As a top dressing, conventional mineral, organic or mixed fertilizers are recommended. No chemicals can be used when forcing onions on greens. The feather is harvested when it reaches a height of 24-42 cm.
The most famous types of onions are: batun, schnit, slime, shallots.
There are also general tips and rules that apply to all types and varieties of greens:
1) Beds for planting greenery are best prepared in the fall. Apply at the same time organic (for example, manure) and mineral fertilizers. In the spring, complex fertilizers containing potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, superphosphate are additionally applied, carbamide (urea) or ammonium nitrate can be added. It is recommended to sow in moist soil in grooves 2 cm deep, do not sprinkle heavily with earth.
2) It is believed that the autumn planting of dill yields much better than spring. The plant will be more resistant and less prone to diseases.
3) For seeds, there is one general rule: before sowing, place them in a 1% manganese solution and leave for 12 hours. This is necessary for disinfection and feeding with the necessary trace elements for growth. The percentage of germination will be much higher than that of dry seeds.
4) When choosing seeds, pay attention to the expiration date and the manufacturer.
Growing greens in a greenhouse
If you want to grow greenery all year round, then you cannot do without a greenhouse. The necessary conditions that must be met are:
1) Earth. The typical composition of soil for greenhouses includes: different types of peat, ordinary garden soil, composts of various compositions, wood waste in the form of bark, sawdust, fallen leaves, river sand and clay, manure (except for pig), bird droppings, straw. The thickness of the soil cover is 25-30 cm. Planting can be carried out at any time in the usual ways intended for this crop.
2) Lighting. Additional lighting will prolong the feeling of daylight and give the plants extra energy.
3) Watering. It is ideal to install a drip irrigation system in a greenhouse.
4) Warm. The optimum temperature in the greenhouse should be + 18ºС.
To grow parsley in a greenhouse, use sprouted seeds. To do this, the planting material is kept for several days on double-folded gauze at room temperature until the first sprouts appear. Plant the prepared seeds in the ground with an interval of 5 cm and then water well. Thin out the resulting seedlings. After the first cut of the crop, you can fertilize the soil with a solution of mullein. Further care will consist in maintaining the optimal temperature (+12ºС - +18ºС), humidity (75%), lighting and weed removal. You can harvest 30-40 days after planting.
Diagram of a greenhouse for growing parsley
For planting dill in a greenhouse, you should choose bush-type varieties. Soak them in water for 2 days first. Dill is not picky about the soil, but it is better to fertilize it with humus, and fertilize it every two months. It is also necessary to take into account that the thickness of the soil layer should be 50 cm, since the roots of the plant are long. Needs constant watering and an additional source of light. Special care requirements are the thinning of plant seedlings. You can harvest dill in 20-30 days.
Planting green onions in a heated greenhouse can be done at any time of the year. To do this, cut off the tops of the bulbs (don't worry if the cut is too wide, as the resulting feathers grow, this cut will be smoothed out). The soil should be well fertilized with organic compounds. A good harvest is obtained when onions are planted in boxes filled with peat, humus or compost. When caring for the cultivation of greenery, the following conditions must be observed: regularly water and feed, ensure the temperature is not higher than + 19 ° C. Additional lighting is also needed, and the lamps should be located vertically, which will avoid wringing the pen. Harvest can be harvested after 30 days.
home growing greens
The simplest and cheapest green vegetable garden is the garden at home. In terms of crop volume and assortment, it is, of course, difficult to compare it with the usual one, but it is quite comfortable to have live juicy greens at any time. We are used to the fact that you can grow green onions on the windowsill, but few people know that other greens - parsley, dill, etc. - can also be excellently grown. The greens grown on the windowsill are in no way inferior in quality to those that grow on the garden bed.
This issue also has its own secrets and necessary conditions:
1) The right choice of seeds: it must be early maturing varieties resistant to adverse conditions;
2) Pre-sowing preparation seeds and soil. Believe that selecting and soaking seeds is not a waste of time, but a condition for the success of your garden.
As for the soil, here you have two options:
Buy the finished mixture in the store (which is more convenient and easier);
Cook on your own. Ingredients: humus, garden soddy soil and complex mineral fertilizers (1 tbsp per bucket of mixture). The bottom layer of the pot or boxes should be covered with expanded clay or small pebbles. To get a green feather, plant the bulbs in a container that is one third filled with soil. Also, some lower them into the pan, adding water from time to time so that it covers the roots.
Advice: if you are reusing the soil for planting, remove a little of the top layer and add fresh soil with biohumus.
3) Proper technology and care. There are several factors here:
Drainage. Do not forget to put expanded clay or small pebbles on the bottom of your pots or boxes. This will prevent water from stagnating and avoid root death and mold formation.
Do not bury the seeds in the soil, the sowing depth should be no more than 2 cm.
Temperature regime. Place a thermometer on the windowsill (or anywhere else where your garden is located) and control the required temperature. The room must be - 18-28°C heat.
Avoid too bright sun and drafts.
Top dressing and fertilizers. No matter how hard we try, we will not be able to provide the same climatic conditions as in nature for our plants. Therefore, here they will come to our rescue various kinds of supplements. Organic fertilizers such as manure will have to be abandoned. They are not suitable for a balcony or window sill.
4) Lighting. It is better to put plants on the windowsill located in the southeast. If this is not possible, then additional lighting will come to the rescue. Its deficiency can be detrimental to the cultivation of greenery.
5) Watering should be carried out as the plant dries. In summer it will be carried out more often and more abundantly, in winter less often. Use water at room temperature so as not to kill the plants.
Greenery on the windowsill
Growing greens for sale
This idea belongs to the category of promising and cost-effective. It does not require large financial investments, the demand for herbs is stable, the yield is high, the growing period is short, and the payback is attractive. But there is still a fly in the ointment here. This is a sales market. This is your main task. Selling to resellers for a penny - it makes no sense. We need to look for serious clients. You can offer your services to cafes, restaurants, shops, but here you will be required to provide documents. The opening of individual entrepreneurship is also associated with certain troubles and costs. Another option is to stand on the market yourself. In any case, you must take into account all costs. If you sell the surplus, then do not count on special cash income. You can earn only on large volumes of production. And if your plans are to grow greens for sale, then be sure to consider the cost of heating and lighting the greenhouse, which you cannot do without. Now this is a very large cost item. It is also necessary to take into account the costs of renting land (when it is implemented), building a greenhouse, transportation costs, hired labor (when used). If the above points do not scare you, and you are ready to establish contacts in the sales market, then the "green" business will pay off your hopes.
For example, consider the leader of this business - green onions. The yield per cut can be 1.5 kg per m². The ripening period is 30 days. The average annual retail price of a kilogram of greens is approximately 300 rubles per kg. The purchase price of bulbs for sowing will be approximately 10-20 rubles per kg. At the same time, we still do not take into account that boxes with onions can be placed on racks, on top of each other, and there are still such varieties of onions that give a higher yield. Based on the above figures, everyone for himself can calculate the cost and estimated profitability of this type of business. Already established businessmen talk about 100% profit, and in some cases even more.
The necessary conditions for growing greens for business practically do not differ from the basic ones. Planting can be carried out all year round in a conveyor way to obtain a continuous crop. Watering should be timely so that the soil does not dry out. And in this you will be greatly assisted by a drip irrigation system, which you can do yourself. It is also necessary to carry out fertilizing plants more carefully, since the plant can get sick, can be infected with pests, the soil is depleted over time. All this requires the use of special complex fertilizers. Care is the same as for these types of plants. Features are only in the collection and transportation of plants. After all, here it is necessary to ensure long-term storage of products, their transportation and, of course, their presentation for sale without loss of quality and appearance.
Growing greenery in winter
You can grow greens in winter not only in a greenhouse, it can also be done at home. And these two methods have the same number of pros and cons. In the greenhouse, green onions, parsley and dill are profitable to grow except for sale. Because the costs associated with lighting and heating are pretty high. But at home, a completely small home garden can delight you all winter. And this will significantly affect your finances, since the prices for greenery are not pleasing to the eye. As for taste, it is not easy to get spicy fragrant greens in winter frosts, but it will still differ from frozen ones.
For winter planting fit special varieties resistant to adverse conditions. The soil for growing green onions should contain organic fertilizers, for parsley and dill, ordinary soil is enough. The growth period is 30 days. Parsley is resistant to cold, dill requires enough light. Water and fertilize plants as needed. Care is similar for this type of plant. Avoid cold and frozen windows and window sills, and be sure to heat the greenhouse.
Care, feeding
As with any other crop, when growing greenery, it must be looked after, creating all the necessary conditions. Weeding, thinning seedlings, loosening the soil, applying top dressing should be carried out regularly. Be careful with any kind of top dressing. After all, you do not need meter-long parsley and dill with a finger-thick stem. But top dressing in caring for plants will also perform its role perfectly: it will not only nourish the soil with all the necessary macronutrients, but also protect plants from all kinds of diseases.
Kinds:
- organic- which include natural ingredients. These include: manure, peat, bird droppings, composts, sawdust, bone meal. They are used dry or diluted, for example, for irrigation. If you have not fertilized the soil in the fall, then you can use the following top dressing: half a bucket of humus per 1 sq. m of sown area. Instead of humus, you can take mullein, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. Mineral fertilizers, which are:
Simple, which include one element (nitrogen, phosphorus);
Complex, which consist of two or more components.
Methods and rules of application you can easily find on the packages. An approximate ratio would be 1 tbsp. l. for 10 liters of water.
Every time after you cut the parsley leaves, feed it (about 2 times per season). To do this, feed a piece of land with ammonium nitrate in the amount of 20-30 g per m².
- Other, which include bacterial, bioadditives, etc..
Growing greens. Major pests and how to deal with them
Every summer season, we encounter pests in the garden and try hard to fight them.
Parsley is susceptible to the following diseases and pests: rust, white rot, carrot psyllid, carrot fly, melon aphid, white spot.
Dill can be overcome by omnivorous pests (larvae of the May beetle, caterpillars of nibbling scoops, a bear, etc.) or above-ground parts (spider mites, leafhoppers, aphids, bedbugs, etc.).
Green onions constantly fight aphids, onion flies, thrips, and stem worms.
Control measures are generally accepted for these species. These can be pesticides (aktarin, actellik, karbofos, medvetoks, etc.) or folk remedies (onion infusion, aloe solution, etc.). It is better to take preventive measures.
Enjoy the green beds, as they create the atmosphere of their own green world, pleasing to the eye and warming the soul.
Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably lying on the ground, but you should not repeat this experience in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, a garter. My neighbors use all sorts of pegs, garters, loops, ready-made plant supports, and mesh fences. Each method of fixing the plant in an upright position has its own advantages and "side effects". I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises, and what comes of it.
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The summer months are the time for hydrangeas to bloom. This beautiful deciduous shrub is luxuriously fragrant with flowers from June to September. Florists willingly use large inflorescences for wedding decors and bouquets. To admire the beauty of a flowering hydrangea bush in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. Why this happens, we will tell in the article.
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Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but the process is laborious and time consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and a spicy snack will be ready by the evening. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of preservation - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!
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Plum - well, who does not know her ?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, surprises with excellent harvests, pleases with its variety in terms of ripening and a huge choice of color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, somewhere she feels better, somewhere worse, but almost no summer resident refuses to grow her on her plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in the middle lane, but also in the Urals, in Siberia.
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“Each vegetable has its own time”, and each plant has its own optimal time for planting. Anyone who has experienced planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in spring, the plants have not yet started to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat, and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop in such a way that landings have to be carried out at the very height of summer.
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Summer is associated with beautiful flowers. Both in the garden and in the rooms you want to admire the luxurious inflorescences and touching flowers. And for this it is not at all necessary to use cut bouquets. In the assortment of the best indoor plants there are many beautifully flowering species. In the summer, when they receive the brightest lighting and the optimal duration of daylight hours, they are able to outshine any bouquet. Short-lived or just annual crops look like living bouquets.
Greens - shoots, leaves of garden plants that are eaten. They are added to salads, soups, stews. Greens are grown by experienced gardeners, and beginners, and even those who come to their site just for the sake of relaxation.
What greens should be planted
Not a single household plot can do without dill and parsley, traditional for us, onions on a feather, sorrel - this is the minimum that needs to be planted first of all. What to add to this set depends on your tastes and preferences. Try to diversify the assortment of greens in your beds, experiment with plantings. Only experience will help you choose those species that will appeal to you and your family.
Many types of greens are suitable for growing in the garden
The benefits of greens for the human body
Greens, especially grown with your own hands, are extremely useful:
- contains vitamins and nutrients that a person needs for an active life. Even a small amount of greenery makes up for the deficiency of vitamins and trace elements in the body;
- used as an additive or seasoning for various dishes, which improves their taste;
- many types of greens are used as medicinal plants, used for the prevention and treatment of diseases;
- contains a lot of fiber, so it improves digestion, reduces appetite and gives a feeling of satiety.
Table: content of vitamins and minerals in various types of greens
| Name | Vitamins, mg/100 g (% DV) | Minerals |
| dill |
|
|
| parsley |
|
|
| celery |
| a small amount |
| cilantro |
|
|
| sorrel |
|
|
| green onion |
|
|
| watercress |
|
|
| arugula |
|
|
The most familiar types of greens for us are dill, parsley, green onions, lettuce, sorrel. Gardeners often add spinach, celery, basil, arugula to this mandatory set. Cucumber herb, or borage, is now undeservedly forgotten.
Dill is an annual herbaceous plant of the Umbelliferae family 40–150 cm high with a strong spicy refreshing taste and smell. Contains vitamins A, C, D, B12, B6, essential oil, a diverse set of minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium).
Due to this, the use of dill enhances the secretion of the digestive glands, the motility of the digestive tract, increases appetite, and contributes to the normalization of metabolism. It is advisable to use in dietary nutrition for obesity, diseases of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, gastritis, flatulence.
Dill is used for salads, in canning and cooking
Parsley is a biennial plant of the Umbelliferae family, 30–100 cm high, contains essential oil, therefore it has a spicy sweetish taste.
Dishes with the use of parsley have a diuretic effect, remove salts from the body. In terms of the content of vitamins A and C, parsley surpasses many vegetables and fruits; its greens also contain a rich set of minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium).
Parsley greens can be cut several times a season
green onion
Onions are perennial or biennial bulbous plants or herbaceous plants with an undeveloped bulb. It has a strong onion or garlic odor. It contains vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B5 and trace elements - potassium, sodium, iron, calcium.
Green onions are an excellent way to prevent colds, improve digestion and even reduce the risk of diseases of the teeth and gums.
The characteristic pungent smell of onions is due to the essential oil contained in it.
Salad
Lettuce is an annual plant of the Asteraceae family, growing up to 60–120 cm in height.
This vegetable crop is used as vitamin greens. One of the most popular green plants. Juicy leaves are rich in vitamins A, C, B6 and minerals: calcium, iron, magnesium.
Two types of lettuce are widespread: leaf (does not form a head) and head.
Young lettuce leaves are used for food, later they can become bitter
Sorrel is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Buckwheat family. Stem up to 1 meter high. It grows everywhere in the wild, in central Russia, Siberia.
Sorrel leaves are rich in vitamins C, A, mineral salts of potassium and iron, calcium, magnesium. Oxalic acid gives the plant its sour taste.
Sorrel leaves grow in length by 15–20 cm
Spinach is an annual and biennial herbaceous plant of the Amaranth family, 25–50 cm high. An early ripening crop, it ripens early and gives greenery when there are still few other vegetables.
The record holder among leafy greens in terms of vitamin A content, rich in vitamins and minerals: magnesium, calcium, iron.
Spinach is a very early maturing plant and produces greens earlier than other crops.
Celery is a biennial vegetable plant of the Umbelliferae family up to 1 meter high. It has a strong aroma, sweetish spicy taste.
Contains vitamins A, C, B6 and minerals: calcium, magnesium. Essential oils found in all parts of the plant aid in digestion. Celery is used in dietetics for the treatment of obesity, in violation of the function of the cardiovascular system, neuroses and anemia. Shown in the diet of the elderly and obese people. It has a tonic effect, as well as anti-inflammatory in kidney diseases.
Celery is most often grown in the middle lane and in the north-west of Russia through seedlings.
Basil is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, 50–70 cm high. Basil greens have a very pleasant spicy smell of allspice.
Contains vitamins (A, C, B6) and minerals: calcium, iron, magnesium. It has a general tonic effect on the body.
Varieties of basil with a variety of leaf colors have been developed
Arugula is an annual herbaceous plant 30–60 cm high from the Cabbage family. Contains mustard oil and therefore has a spicy taste.
Arugula is used in salads and as a seasoning for meat dishes. Good diuretic and antibacterial agent.
Arugula can be grown in a greenhouse and outdoors
Cucumber grass (borago) is an annual flowering plant 60–100 cm high, it reproduces well by self-sowing. It has the smell of fresh cucumber, so it is used as an additive to salads, vinaigrette, okroshka.
Contains vitamins A, C, minerals, especially a lot of calcium and magnesium.
Cucumber grass can be successfully used instead of cucumbers
When is the best time to plant greens and what to choose
It is good if the greens are present on your table all year round. For most types of greenery, long daylight hours and warmth are needed. These conditions are best observed in the summer. You can plant greens for an early harvest before winter and early spring, repeat sowing in the summer - this will provide you with vitamins all season. The presence of a greenhouse or greenhouse can extend the growing period by a few more weeks.
Growing greens in a greenhouse extends harvest time by weeks
Planting in the spring
The end of April-beginning of May is the optimal time for sowing greens in open ground in central Russia. First, we sow cold-resistant crops: dill, parsley, celery, sorrel, perennial onions and onion sets per feather.
Onion is an unpretentious crop, because it can be planted in the spring
When planning planting, keep in mind that cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin, squash, legumes, green manure are good predecessors for greenery. Permissible: beets, tomatoes, early potatoes, peppers, eggplant, spices. Bad predecessors: cabbage of medium and late varieties, carrots, turnips.
Since sowing is carried out at a very early date, a bed for greenery must be prepared in the fall:
- Choose a fairly bright and high place on your site, which is freed from snow early.
- Dig up the area for crops, remove the roots of perennial weeds.
- Fertilize: a bucket of compost or humus per 1 m 2, 15–20 g of ammonium nitrate, 8–10 g of potassium sulfate and 10–12 g of superphosphate.
- Make a bed. The height will depend on the level of groundwater: if the level is high, raise the bed to 30–40 cm so that there is no stagnant water. At a low level, a height of 15–20 cm will suffice.
What greens can be planted in summer
To obtain greenery in a continuous mode, repeated crops are carried out with an interval of 20 days until mid-August. For summer sowing, early crops that quickly yield a crop are well suited: parsley, lettuce, dill, spinach.
In summer, you can sow greens not on a separate bed, but on a free place in a garden or greenhouse, greenhouse, taking into account the compatibility of crops:
- parsley goes well with strawberries, tomatoes;
- salad - with cabbage, radish, eggplant, onion;
- dill - with cucumbers;
- basil - with eggplant, pepper, tomatoes;
- spinach - with potatoes, strawberries, carrots, beets, tomatoes, beans.
Many types of greens can be used in mixed plantings.
What to choose in autumn
In autumn, you can sow seeds of cold-resistant crops, such as dill, parsley, black onion, spinach, sorrel.
A bed for winter crops is best prepared in September, following the same rules by which we prepare a place for planting greenery in the spring.
We start planting during a cold snap and slight frosts, when the air temperature drops to 0 0, and the ground temperature to +3 0 - +4 0:
- Make sowing grooves 1–4 cm deep.
- Sow dry seeds.
- Sprinkle soil on top, mulch with peat or compost.
- In the northern regions, additionally cover (you can use, for example, spruce branches).
With the help of spruce paws, you can cover winter plantings
In early spring, after the snow melts, all that remains is to remove the spruce branches and wait for the emergence of seedlings. And to get an even earlier harvest in the spring, cover the bed with winter crops with a film or covering material.
Video: winter sowing of vegetables and herbs
Growing greens in a greenhouse
The presence of a greenhouse allows you to sow greens two to three weeks earlier than in open ground.
First of all, it is worth planting onion sets on a feather. Bulbs can be placed close to each other, the so-called bridge method. For quick germination, pre-soak the onion in warm water and cut off the top of the head, and then plant it, pressing it into the ground a little. Water without allowing the soil to dry out, and after 2-3 weeks the feather can be cut off or the bulbs can be pulled out completely.
Onion sets on a feather can be planted in a bridge way
For early consumption in the greenhouse, you can sow such types of greens as parsley, lettuce, dill, spinach. By the time the main crops are planted, the greenery can already be removed. Part of the greenery is left in the greenhouse until technical ripeness. So, parsley, basil, spinach go well with tomatoes and even give them an extra taste. Lettuce and basil go well with eggplant, and dill goes well with cucumbers.
Early ripening greens are also sown after harvesting vegetables in the greenhouse, which allows you to get a crop before the onset of frost.
In the southern regions, it is possible to grow greens all year round in an unheated greenhouse, in other areas this is only possible if there is heating and good lighting.
Features at home
Many types of greens can be successfully grown at home. First of all, these are crops with an early ripening period: watercress, spinach, basil, onion sets for greens. It is possible to grow dill and parsley on the windowsill, but it should be borne in mind that their seeds germinate within 2 weeks.
At home, each type of greenery is best planted in a separate pot or container.
At home, it is better to sow greens in the spring, when daylight hours are already getting quite long, it will be more natural for plants. If you wish, you can experiment with growing greens in January using phytolamps.
In autumn, you can extend the life of garden plants: dig with a clod of earth and plant parsley, celery in pots - they grow well after pruning and will delight you with fresh greens on the windowsill.
Video: growing greenery in an apartment
Growing herbs hydroponically
Currently, landless plant growing methods are gaining popularity. Hydroponics is the cultivation in nutrient solutions, when the roots of the plant are located in an aqueous or solid medium (for example, coconut fiber).
Flow, or circulation system, suitable for growing greens and low plants
To grow greens in this way, you will need special equipment that is produced by enterprises or can be done independently.
What greens can be planted together on the same bed
In your garden, you can take separate beds for growing greens. The convenience lies in the fact that some types of greens are perennials: onions, sorrel. In one place, they will grow well for 4-5 years.
Biennial plants (parsley, celery) form a trunk in the first year, bloom in the second year. If you plant these plants in a separate bed, you will get the earliest first greens from it. Sowing should be carried out in furrows with an interval of 30–40 cm. Near perennials, annual crops can be sown in autumn or spring.
A garden bed with greens can be placed next to the house to pluck the plants just before use
Place your vitamin garden closer to home: since the greens are best picked just before use, such a place will be very convenient. In addition, in the spring, the approach to it will not be difficult due to high soil moisture.
plant care
For successful growth, plants need timely watering, loosening the soil, weeding, top dressing.
How to feed greens
Many types of greens, such as lettuce, grow very quickly, so the need for fertilizer is low. It is important not to allow an excess of fertilizers, as the amount of nitrates will increase and the plants will become unsuitable for food, and will bring more harm than good to the body. The best way is soil preparation. Since autumn, all the necessary nutrients are introduced, and during the season, once every two weeks, you can feed with organic fertilizers, compost, herbal infusions.
Herbal infusion recipe:
- A barrel (200 liters) is 2/3 filled with grass or weeds (without seeds).
- Add 0.5–1 liter of old jam or compote, they will create a breeding ground for bacteria and microorganisms.
- Fill the barrel with water and cover, leave for 2-5 days.
- Dilute the resulting solution with water (1 to 10 liters) and you can water the plants.
Video: how to prepare herbal infusion - universal fertilizer
How often to water
It is very important to provide greenery with moisture in dry times. In hot weather, plants are watered daily; in cooler weather, watering after two or three days will be sufficient. It is advisable not to moisten the leaves to prevent their decay.
Drip irrigation will protect delicate lettuce leaves from decay
Protection against diseases and pests
Greens, like vegetables, can be affected by diseases (powdery mildew, root rot) and pests (aphids, mites, psyllids, moths).
It is best to take preventive measures:
- compliance with crop rotation;
- thinning of plants;
- loosening the soil;
- the use of drip irrigation or watering under the root;
- selection of disease-resistant varieties.
During the summer, use folk remedies, for example, spraying with infusion of tobacco dust (0.5 kg of dust, pour 10 liters of water, insist for a day, squeeze, dilute 1 to 1 with water and spray). Perennial crops can be treated in the fall with Bordeaux liquid from diseases and pests, if they appear.
Video: how to cook Bordeaux liquid
Greens will help provide the body with vitamins, minerals, and other useful substances. It adds flavor and aroma to any dish. Growing is possible even for beginners and amateurs, and if desired, fresh herbs can be grown year-round.
In the garden, it is useful to always have fresh herbs on hand. You can decorate dishes with it, add it to soup or prepare a vitamin salad. We talk about garden greens that are quick and easy to grow.
In vegetables and herbs, especially fresh ones, there are a large number of vitamins and minerals that can successfully fight diseases. Lots of greens and fiber - a good helper in the fight against excess weight. It allows you to maintain a feeling of satiety for a long time, thanks to its nutritional value. We list the types of greens that grow relatively quickly and can be a useful tool for a healthy diet:
green beans
It is a very tasty versatile vegetable that is highly nutritious, containing carotenoids in the form of beta-carotene and lycopene. There are varieties of green beans that are easy to grow in the garden. Burgundy or purple colored beans are a variety of green beans. They are grown in drained soil in sunny areas.
2. Beetroot leaves
Beet tops contain a large amount of copper, iron and vitamin K, other useful minerals and vitamins. You can add beet greens to salads, soups, cocktails. Beetroot grows well in any place and does not require special care when grown.3. Spinach
Regular consumption of spinach will reduce the risk of asthma, cancerous tumors and hypertension, improve hair and skin, and relieve diabetes. Spinach planted in the field will grow in just 3-5 weeks. It is best to plant it in early spring.4. Cabbage
Medicinal vegetable, low-calorie, so it will not hurt even people who are overweight. Cabbage contains vitamins C, A and K, minerals, antioxidants. It has anti-inflammatory properties, prevents arthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and autoimmune diseases. Cabbage can be grown throughout the season until frost.
5. Peas
Peas are a sweet and healthy delicacy, you can cook side dishes, soups, salads from it. In addition, children love him very much. Growing peas is available even to inexperienced gardeners. If space is limited on the site, you can organize vertical beds for it. Peas contain vitamin C. This vegetable is not afraid of low temperatures, but does not withstand too dry and hot weather.6. Chard
Chard is a vegetable of the beetroot and spinach family. It is a source of vitamins A, C, E, contains zinc and manganese. It is quite nutritious and easy to grow. The presence of bright red stems will make any garden more attractive. Chard does not withstand transportation well, so in the spring it is better to plant immediately in the garden.7. Mustard
Spicy pepper mustard can be added to salads. It grows in moist soil, rich in nutrients, loves the sun. Mustard greens contain a large amount of vitamins A, C, K, folic acid, antioxidants that reduce blood cholesterol and promote liver detoxification.8. Chinese cabbage
This popular vegetable is now added to a variety of dishes: from salads to soups. It tastes much softer than regular cabbage. It is useful to gnaw its leaves just like that, or fill them with a morning sandwich. Beijing cabbage leaves contain vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamins C, K. This vegetable has a lot of potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese. Cabbage is planted in early spring, as soon as the soil warms up.9. Shallot
The green feathers of this onion contain health compounds, fiber, vitamins, potassium. Daily intake of shallots will reduce the risk of oral cancer, lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol. This onion is good both raw and as part of salads, roasts or sautéed.
10. Lettuce
Seed lettuce ripens after planting in 3-4 weeks. It prefers to grow in the cool season of spring or autumn, it is easy to grow, does not require special care. It has high nutritional and healing properties.11. Dandelion
Many gardeners treat dandelions like weeds, trying to get rid of their presence in their gardens and orchards as soon as possible. But there is no need to rush to send all the dandelions to the compost. These plants are distinguished by their nutritional value and the presence of medicinal properties. They contain many antioxidants, vitamins A and C, antioxidant carotenoids, beta-carotene.Dandelion greens contain calcium, iron, copper, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and many essential amino acids. Dandelions contain more protein than spinach. Dandelion root is rich in insulin and luteolin, which help regulate blood sugar levels.
You don't have to use any effort to grow dandelions, they grow in any yard, in the steppes and in the fields. There are different varieties. Ordinary dandelions are slightly bitter, so you can grow cultivars with a more pleasant taste in your garden: Curly, Early Improved, Large-leaved.
We present an overview of green crops that can be grown on a garden plot in Central Russia. Let's talk about the timing of planting various types of green crops for growing greens all year round: from early spring to autumn - in the garden, in autumn and winter - at home, on the windowsill.
- Greenery in early spring
- Growing greens in summer
- Rules for growing greens in the garden
- Enrich the green garden with beans and celery
- We grow leafy mustard in the country
- Growing greenery in winter
Greenery in early spring
Every spring, as soon as the snow melts, rhubarb sprouts appear, they grow rapidly and after three to four weeks form large leaves with blades up to 60 cm long and petioles of the same length. These petioles up to 6 cm thick are used for food, having previously removed the fibrous skin. Compotes, jelly, jams, preserves, fillings for pies are prepared from petioles; green cabbage soup is prepared from young leaves, adding sorrel, spinach and young nettles. Petioles give a pleasant taste of citric and malic acids contained in rhubarb. However, rhubarb, sorrel, and spinach are used for food no later than July, since in hot weather they accumulate oxalic acid, which binds calcium in the body.
It should be noted that the earliest arrival of sorrel is ensured by the June sowing of last year, and it makes no sense to occupy the area under sorrel in the spring, it is better to use it for sowing early green crops and radishes.
For perennial onions - batun, less spicy chives and juicy slug onions - the leaves begin to grow already under the snow (during July sowing and planting), the first cutting of the leaves begins a month after the snow melts and continues until early August, but no later than otherwise, the plants overwinter poorly and the growth of leaves is delayed in spring.
Growing greens in summer
In May-June, green asparagus shoots arrive, while they are still brittle and tender, they are more valuable than bleached underground shoots, they contain more vitamins. Asparagus is used boiled, it is useful for kidney diseases, gout, improves digestion, lowers blood pressure, and relieves fatigue.
Starting from May and ending in late autumn, young shoots with tarragon (tarragon) leaves are indispensable for seasoning meat and fish dishes, they are also added to salads. Tarragon has a pleasant aroma and a peculiar sharp, refreshing taste.
With early spring sowing, after two to three weeks, watercress and leafy mustard can be used. The greens of these crops can be used for a long time if these crops are sown every 10-12 days.
A week later, Beijing leafy cabbage of the Khibinskaya variety arrives. It is also used for making salads; unlike ordinary lettuce, its leaves are not bitter and do not lose their tenderness and taste even when flowering. When the leaves grow, they are used for the preparation of cabbage rolls, and in the early stages for green cabbage soup. In addition, Chinese cabbage contains significantly more ascorbic acid and iron than lettuce.
A week later, an ordinary salad arrives - leaf lettuce, and then head lettuce. Heads of it ripen one and a half to two months after germination, depending on the variety, reaching a mass of up to 0.5 kg or more.
A month after germination, spinach is obtained, but this plant, like leaf lettuce, also grows quickly; The value of spinach is preserved as long as its leaves remain dense and brittle, with the onset of flowering they lose their qualities.
We must not forget about borage (borage). With early spring sowing, its shoots appear after 10-12 days, when sown in well-warmed soil - after 5-6 days. You can use cucumber grass for food already when the first smooth leaves appear along with thick juicy cotyledons. Cucumber herb truly lives up to its name, reminiscent of the scent of a fresh cucumber. It is used in okroshka, in combined salads, as a seasoning for various dishes, and also as a remedy for articular rheumatism, catarrhs and skin diseases.
Chard, or chard, two months after sowing, can be used for salad, vinaigrette or for botvinia. Petioled chard is consumed only boiled or stewed. Chard roots overwinter under cover of snow, therefore, in order to obtain early greenery, plants are spudded upon the onset of the first autumn frosts, and freed from the ground in early spring.
Parsley is also left before winter when sown in June (without hilling), and in early spring it produces greens that can be used before the plants stem. With early spring sowing, parsley, coriander, dill can be obtained only a month after germination. To obtain the delicate greenery of dill until autumn, its seeds should be sown every two to three weeks, leaving several plants of the first sowing period before flowering to attract hoverflies, the larvae of which destroy the caterpillars and aphids that have appeared on the plants. Flowering dill plants are also used for pickling cucumbers and tomatoes.
Rules for growing greens in the garden
Green vegetable plants are cold-resistant with rare exceptions, so their seeds can be sown as soon as the snow melts and it becomes possible to start tilling the soil.
A feature of the cultivation of green vegetables is a short growing season and planting density. Consequently, these crops are very demanding on soil fertility. It is best to place green vegetables after those crops under which organic fertilizers were applied, and mineral fertilizers should be applied directly under green crops: ready-made fertilizer garden or flower mixture (three tablespoons per 1 m 2 or nitrophoska - two spoons per 1 m 2), not forgetting the liming of acidic soil.
Green crops should be sown on a flat surface in four rows with 20 cm between them, and with good nutrition, six-row sowing with a distance of 15 cm can be used. Beds should not be made, they dry out faster.
Seeds should be sown in moist soil, and if there is not enough moisture, then in grooves previously shed with water to a depth of 1-2 cm, larger seeds - 2-3 cm (deeper on light soils, smaller on heavy soils). For a better influx of moisture to the seeds, after planting them, lightly compact the soil with the back of the hoe, and then cover the soil with sifted humus or peat with a layer of 2 cm, this is especially important when re-sowing in dry weather.
7-10 days after germination, it is useful to feed the plants with nitrogen-potassium fertilizers (two to three tablespoons per bucket of water per 2 m 2).
It is better to thin out seedlings of green crops with a rake across the beds - this is also loosening after watering or rain, but if some crops need to be thinned out at certain distances, then this should be done in such a way that when they are thinned again through one plant they can be used for food.
Enrich the green garden with beans and celery
Legumes can also be included in the green conveyor: vegetable peas and vegetable beans. Vegetable peas of the Inexhaustible 105 variety produce green beans (pods) when sown in early spring 40-45 days after germination, and the Zhegalova 112 variety - after 60-75 days. The green beans of these varieties are without fibers, they can be eaten together with unripe grains (green peas), and their collections can last throughout the summer.
Beans, as a heat-demanding crop, when sown in early June, produce green beans one and a half to two months after germination, depending on the variety. Green beans, together with unripe grains, contain up to 6% protein, up to 3.4% sugars. They are eaten boiled or fried. In clinical nutrition, green beans are used for diabetes, diseases of the liver and central nervous system. Sugar varieties are distinguished by the absence of a parchment layer and fiber in the wings, such as Oily the earliest 273, Saksa without fiber 615, Sugar Triumph 764, Zelenostruchnaya 517. The harvesting period for green beans lasts 10-30 days, depending on the variety and weather conditions.
Another crop to be included in the green conveyor is celery. It has three varieties: leaf, petiole and root (root). To obtain greenery, you can use all varieties, but it will be summer greenery, moreover, when plants are propagated by seedlings. Celery has a stronger aroma than parsley, it promotes better digestion, has a beneficial effect on the organs of internal secretion, as well as on the nervous system, raises the vitality of the body. Celery prevents the formation of kidney stones, it is one of the effective remedies against gout, rheumatism. Its leaves are rich in ascorbic acid (up to 150 mg%) and carotene (up to 7 mg%). Young leaves, as well as peeled juicy petioles, are used as a seasoning for salads, meat and fish dishes. Celery roots are stored in the basement for growing greens in greenhouses.
We grow leafy mustard in the country
Leaf mustard is a large plant with beautiful lyre-shaped leaves with curly edges. Leaf mustard shoots quickly, so its seeds are best sown in the spring, as early as possible. Mustard starts growing from seed at 5°C. Shoots are thinned out by 10-15 cm. The rosette of mustard leaves grows 6-7 days longer than that of lettuce. Repeated crops of leaf mustard can be carried out every 12-14 days until the onset of heat.
How to grow borago (borage) in the garden
Borago is a green culture, its popular name is borage. Borago is a plant with a bristly-hairy-pubescent leaf surface. Only young leaves without pubescence are grown for food, along with thick and juicy cotyledons. They have the taste and aroma of cucumber.
Cucumber grass is a cold-resistant plant. When sown in early spring, borage seedlings appear after 10-12 days, and when sown in well-warmed soil - after five to six days. Borage seeds, or rather fruits, are large, they need to be soaked before sowing. In order not to thin the seedlings, it is better to spread the germinated seeds at a distance of 5 cm from each other, to a depth of 3 cm. Sowing can be done every two weeks. Several borage plants should be grown before flowering to attract bees.
Growing greenery in winter
First, a few words about preserving the crop for the winter. The abundance of greens you have grown over the summer are easily stored in the freezer. The recipe for storing greens is simple. Peel off the roots and earth, rinse the greens well in running water and let them lie in plenty of water for about ten minutes so that the sand settles, then dry the greens from moisture. Take a large enough container where the greens will fit entirely in length without folding. Sprinkle the bottom of the container with salt. Put the greens in a container, sprinkling generously with salt. In winter, get the right amount of greens, rinse off the salt and can be used in salads and ready meals.
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