The village with the great name Velikoye is located halfway between Yaroslavl and Rostov. An ancient country road ran through it. Another country road from the village ran to Suzdal.
History of the Great, located at a busy crossroads of important trade routes, is complex and dramatic. Today it is difficult to even imagine how much in the biography of our Fatherland is connected with the village. On this land the idea of uniting Russian principalities was embodied, the foundations of a centralized Russian state were laid.
1392 In the vicinity of Velikiy, Russian warriors fought to the death with the Tatars.
1435 Velikoselskaya land is famous for the major battle of the feudal war that took place in Rus' in 1433-1453.
In this war, the appanage princely and growing grand-ducal power collided. His uncle Yuri Dmitrievich and his sons Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka spoke out against the Moscow Grand Duke Vasily the Dark, who sought the political unification of Rus' into a single state. “Kosoy, with crowds of Vyatichi he recruited, entered the northern borders of the Grand Duchy, the Grand Duke also set out with his troops from Moscow. January 6, 1435 They met between the villages of Kozmodemyansky and Velikiy, on the banks of the Kotorosl, and entered into a bloody battle, in which the troops of the Grand Duke were victorious...” - testify to the Yaroslavl Provincial Gazette in No. 7 for 1855.
A century and a half has passed and the Russians have given, here the battle to the Polish nobles. The Rostov voivode, an accomplice of the interventionists, Ivan Naumov, informed the leader of the noble gangs Sapetr that he and the remnants of his detachment were in the village of Velikoy and “waiting for profitable people and along,” that he had few troops and food left. Everything around was “conquered and burned out.”
1612 In July, the militia squads of Minin and Pozharsky, who were marching to liberate Moscow from the Polish invaders, stopped to rest in Velikiy. The village peasants surrounded the warriors with touching attention: they shared provisions at night and served as guards for the warriors.
A detachment of Velikoselsky peasants also joined the liberation campaign.
Two centuries have passed. And similar events happened. During the Patriotic War of 1812. The Great gave shelter to the Yaroslavl militia, who were going to war with Napoleon, for a halt and re-formation.
The village was more than once a refuge for Russian tsars. In October 1613 On the way from Kostroma to Moscow to the royal throne, “they had to stand in the village of Velikoy for three days” Mikhail Romanov. Peter I stopped in Velikiy more than once during his trips from Moscow to Arkhangelsk. The Emperor probably remembered this rich palace settlement. In any case, having decided to reward the participants in the Battle of Poltava. Peter I granted the Great to his associate Field Marshal Prince A.I. Repnin into personal possession. And how can one not recall lines from Pushkin’s “Poltava”.
...These chicks of Petrov's nest-
In exchange for the earth's lot
In the works of power and war
His comrades, sons:
And noble Sheremetyev
And Bruce, and Bour, and Repnina.
At the behest of Anikita Ivanovich Repin, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary (1712) was erected in the village - a monument to the deliverance of Russia from foreigners. A church was erected on a Moscow scale. The five-headed ones are not typical, not in the center, but shifted to the east. Only temples were built this way. The quadrangle of the church is high - more than thirteen meters. There is no quadrangle of such height in Yaroslavl churches. The domes match those of Moscow. The diameter of the drum under the central dome is five and a half meters.
The monument-temple laid the foundation for the entire architectural appearance of the Great. The field marshal's grandson, Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Repnin, built the second Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary (1741). Later (1758), between the temples, the Cathedral Bell Tower rushed towards the clouds. And the same with a “twist”: a symbolic “window to Europe” was cut in the western wall of the bell tower, and its chimes counted down the time that had passed since the Battle of Poltava.
Like the Ivan the Great bell tower in the Moscow Kremlin, the Velikoselsky arrow united the many-domed churches into a single architectural complex. It was surrounded by an intricate brick fence with arched gates and chapels. Researchers believe that the Velikoselsky Ensemble has no equal in Russia in terms of integrity and expressiveness. WITH light hand Velikoselov's ensemble began to be called the Kremlin. And fair enough. In these monumental cathedral buildings lives a great force that organizes space.
The “Kremlin”, shopping arcades across the square, and the huge Black Pond united the entire village into a single whole.
The popularity of the village is not accidental. Velikoye is the most ancient settlement in the Upper Volga region. In the vicinity of the village, monuments from the era of the Fatyanovo culture, settlements of the Volga and Valdai Slavs, the Dnieper Krivichi of the second millennium BC, were found.
The village has been called Great since time immemorial - the first mention of it dates back to the 13th century. Why is it called that? There is no single answer to this question. Some authors suggest that the Novgorod settlers emphasized their connection with Mr. Veliky Novgorod in the name of the village. Others argue that the village was named so because it was larger than the nearby villages and hamlets.
Word "great" in Old Russian it meant “big”.
The Great played a significant role in the life of the Yaroslavl region. Suffice it to say that already in 1607. The village was listed on geographical map Russian state as a major shopping mall. Here were the administration of the Rostov palace estates and the retiring palace hut.
In the middle of the 19th century, Veliko became the largest factory village in the Yaroslavl province and became famous throughout Russia as the center of the peasant linen industry - the homeland and “metropolis” of the famous Yaroslavl linen, the pride of domestic linen production.
The Great owes its glory to Efim Stepanovich Karnovich - a nobleman, a person - correspondent of the Accounting Committee of the Ministry of State Property, teacher and permanent secretary of Yaroslavl agricultural property. In 1882 E.S. Karnovich settled on the family estate Pyatnitskaya Gora, which is next to Veliky.
The Krnovich estate was the most cultural “noble nest” in the Yaroslavl region. The two-story log house was full of books, paintings, and works of art. Family portraits of the Karnovichs kept in the house made up a significant part of the exhibition “Yaroslavl Portraits of the 17th-19th Centuries”; a number of reproductions of paintings were included in the book of the same name.
Another famous representative of the Karnovich family was Efim Stepanovich’s nephew E.P. Karnovich is a historian, publicist, writer. Of interest to us is his article “The Fate of Marshal Davout’s Uniform in Russia,” published in the “Historical Bulletin” for 1882. It sheds light on the participation of our fellow countrymen in the war with the French. “...in the war of 1812. Two Karnovichs, Peter and Nikolai, being officers of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, took part in the defeat inflicted on the French on November 6 near Krasnoye. In this battle, Nikolai Karnovich took the baton of Marshal Davout, brought at the behest of Emperor Alexander 1 with a special celebration in St. Petersburg Kazan Cathedral... Among the spoils of war, the young warrant officers received the uniform of Marshal Davout.”
This uniform, according to the writer, was “trimmed with elegant gold embroidery, consisting of oak and laurel leaves mixed with fancy Arabic ones.” The Karnovichs sent the trophy to their mother, and the mother used it to decorate the vestment of the priest of the Kholm-Ogarevo Church (the estate of E.S. Karnovich).
In addition to the house and church, the ensemble of Pyatnitskaya Gora included a park, which still exists today. Pyatnitsky Park is a rare work of landscape gardening art from the late 18th century on Yaroslavl land. early XIX century. A permanent linden park in the northern part of the estate was combined with an “English” style landscape park around the house and on the southern slope of Pyatnitskaya Mountain. The beauty of the park was complemented by a complex system of artificial ponds.
And today Pyatnitskaya Mountain captivates with the endless distances opening from the hill, enchants with the lush flowering of lilac and acacia bushes. Here it is calm, one can think well, and the poetic lines and images of Bunin’s “Dark Alleys” come to mind.
But let's return to the story about E.S. Karnovich. Arriving at the estate, Efim Stepanovich energetically began flax growing and improving methods of processing flax straw and fiber, and promoting new land use systems. He achieved the highest order to establish permanent exhibitions in Velikiye for flax and products made from it, agricultural implements, and gardening and horticultural products.
The premiere of craftsmanship and peasant wisdom took place in 1844. It was timed to coincide with the annual autumn fair. This was the first comprehensive agricultural exhibition in Russia.
Peasants and landowners from the Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Vologda and Kostroma provinces came to bazaars, fairs and exhibitions in Velikiy. Merchants came from Arkhangelsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow. Traders from England, Belgium and Holland visited the village.
And how can one not remember N.A. Nekrasov:
...The groin is a honeycomb
He carried it to the market in Velikoye.
In the fifties, up to ten more exhibitions were organized in Velikiy. The famous publicist I.S. Aksakov, who observed the Velikoselsky Exhibition of 1850. He wrote in his diary: “There were about 10 thousand people, if not more. All the authorities were present there...” And further: “This village... is truly a Great Village.”
Alexey Vasilyevich's son Alexander, who took over the factory after the death (1874) of his father, did not offend his native village. He created a unique estate complex in Velikiy (1888-1890). Lokalov's mansion, built in pseudo-Russian style, is noteworthy. This elegant two-story building, stylized as an ancient Russian tower, with a turret topped with a spire with an intricate weather vane, still adorns the village.
The central part of the mansion is marked by a risalit, ending with a three-lobed arch with a “keel”. The second floor is more richly decorated. There is “diamond rustication” here, as if it came here from the walls of the Moscow Garnet Chamber, fly caissons with bright tiles, semi-colonies between the windows, numerous kokoshniks, “arrows” at the base of the tent go back to the capital’s St. Basil’s Cathedral.
The interior of the mansion has marble stairs, colored parquet, high oak doors, stucco decorations and even a room - a grotto with a winter garden.
The utility rooms were in harmony with the external appearance of the mansion: a greenhouse, a carriage house, a bathhouse, and a stable.
The beauty of the building was emphasized by two gardens - front and rear.
An imperishable beauty was created according to the design of the young gifted architect Shekhtel, the architect of the Yaroslavl railway station in Moscow.
On the western outskirts of the village there is the Church of Our Lady of Bogolyubskaya (1846), built in the style of late classicism, on the northern there is the Tikhvin Church (1861).
In 1847 Wooden Great overnight turned into a huge blazing fire: 200 houses burned down. A year later, the fire consumed another 60 buildings. Since then, Velikosyoly decided to build brick houses.
The village was finally formed in late XIX century. Around the “Kremlin” and the main reservoir - the Black Pond (there are also Red and White Ponds) there were five central settlements, four Zaprudny and three Sloboda.
The central part of the Great Cathedral Square, paved with cobblestones, had asphalt sidewalks and passages.
The great city acquired a finished appearance, preserved to this day, and resembled a decent county town. It is said about it in one of the studies: “This is a peaceful village with 5,000 inhabitants, hundreds of stone houses, 4 churches, many shops and even lanterns lit on dark autumn nights, more like a pretty county town than a village.”
The historian N. Borisov, who visited Velikiy in the early 1960s, wrote in his book “The Outskirts of Yaroslavl”; “In addition to the monuments of church architecture, Veliky has preserved a unique ensemble of civil stone architecture from the 18th century - the first half of the 19th century century. Perhaps nowhere else in the entire European part of Russia is there an equal to it in integrity and architectural expressiveness.”
And in our time the Great is on the high road of the Fatherland. In the village in different years there were the first people's commissars A.V. Lunacharsky and N.V. Semashko, the world's first female cosmonaut, Hero Soviet Union V.V. Tereshkova.
From here came solid sovereign people, prominent military leaders, B.P. Beshchev - Minister of Railways of the USSR (1948-1967), Hero of Socialist Labor. K.S. Kornev - Minister of Land Reclamation and Water Resources of the RSFSR (1961) I.D. Pisarev – First Deputy Minister of Construction and Special installation work USSR, now vice president of the Spetsstroymontazh corporation. N.I. Trufanov - general-colonel, during the great Patriotic War Commander of the Armies, Chief Military Advisor to the Minister of Defense of the People's Republic of China, K.D. Toskin - doctor medical sciences, professor, honored worker of science of Ukraine, K.I. Kashin – Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Central Institute of Forecasts, G.K. Sukhanova - Flaxerman - professional revolutionary, friend and comrade A.V. Lunachersky, A.M. Gorky, E.D. Stasova, secretary of the newspaper “Izvestia of the Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies”, head of the editorial office of the magazine “Science and Life”, editor full meeting works by V.V. Mayakovsky.
The Great One has one more feature.
The breeze picks up and you can hear the honey aroma a mile away. The gardens are blooming. Climb up the hill and there it is, right in front of you, a village, immersed in the pink and white blossoms of apple and cherry trees, surrounded by the bright greenery of grains and meadow grasses; it seems that not only the air, but also the houses and churches are thoroughly saturated with the smells of flowers. And if there are people who have not seen the Velikoselsky Gardens bloom, then they do not know what beauty there is on earth.
This land adorned with gardens was observed by N.A. Nekrasov, who loved to hunt in the local forests. From the poet’s pen came the lines that became textbook:
The Green Noise goes on and on.
Green noise, spring noise!
Like drenched in milk,
There are cherry orchards,
Quiet noise...
And the old fake parks! They still captivate with their brooding beauty. The giant trees (look at the tops and your hat falls off) seem to be whispering something from the depths of centuries. The natural beauty of the village is complemented by the mirror surface of large and small ponds. On a fine summer evening it’s nice to wander along the shore of the Black Pond and admire the overturned image in the mirror still water reflection of the Kremlin. But he is especially majestic and graceful in the golden rays of the setting sun.
The unique charm of the Great is a rare work of gardens for the Yaroslavl region - park and pond art of the late 18th century.
The village of Velikoye is located on the territory of the Gavrilov-Yamsky district of the Yaroslavl region. It is located 7 km from the city of Gavrilov-Yama and approximately 40 km from the city of Yaroslavl.
The village of Velikoye was first mentioned in connection with the events of the late 14th century. In the second half of the 18th century, a record was discovered telling that in 1392 a battle between a Russian detachment and a Tatar one took place near Velikiy. The village of Velikoye first appeared on maps of Russia in 1607. In 1435, a major battle of the feudal war took place here, in which the troops of Vasily the Dark faced off with the squads of Dmitry Shemyaka and Vasily Kosoy. In 1612, the detachments of Minin and Pozharsky, who were marching to liberate Moscow, stopped to rest in Velikiy. Local residents helped them: they conducted a night watch and shared provisions. And then the Velikiye Selo detachment also joined the squad of Minin and Pozharsky.
The village appeared at the fork of the old route from Yaroslavl to Rostov and Suzdal. Peter the Great passed through the village six times. After some time, on his orders, the main Moscow-Yaroslavl road was organized in such a way that the Great was left aside. The Emperor decided to reward the heroes of the Battle of Poltava and granted the village into the personal possession of his associate, Field Marshal, Prince Anikita Ivanovich Repnin, the future president of the Military Collegium. In 1712 he built a majestic church here in honor of the Nativity Holy Mother of God. The temple laid the foundation for the architectural complex of the future local Kremlin. P.I. Repnin, the grandson of a field marshal, built a warm Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary in 1741. Later, a cathedral bell tower 75 m high was built between the churches.
In 1759, half of the Great began to belong to Savva Yakovlev, a famous industrialist, owner of the Yaroslavl Great Manufactory. By 1792, the village completely belonged to the Yakovlevs. They are building a linen factory here. By the middle of the 19th century, Velikoye was one of the largest Russian centers of the flax industry. Trade fairs were organized annually in the village. Velikoye was the largest village in the Yaroslavl province - the population was more than 4,000 people. It looked more like a large county town. 4 churches and more than 500 stone buildings were erected here.
IN Soviet years many architectural monuments of the village were completely or partially destroyed. All Velikiye Selo churches were abolished, their decorations were looted and destroyed. Nowadays, attempts are being made to revive the Great: churches are being restored, roads are being repaired. In the fall of 1997, the famous Velikoselskaya Fair was resumed.
In the village of Velikoye there is a large historical and architectural complex (XVIII-XIX centuries), including a mansion of the late 18th century, the estate of the merchant of the 1st guild A.A. Lokalova (1888, architect F.O. Shekhtel), house of P.D. Irodov (1888, same architect) and the ensemble of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary Church (Kremlin). The main ensemble of the 18th century consists of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary (1712), a high 7-tier bell tower, the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary and a necropolis with the grave of A.A. Lokalova.
In front of the Kremlin, on the cathedral square, there is a copy of the famous mosaic painting “The Battle of Poltava” by M.V. Lomonosov. Fragments of this copy were made by schoolchildren from different cities of Russia, then put together and installed in Velikiy in 2011, in honor of the 300th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Lomonosov's fate is not connected with the village. However, he could pass along Velikiy along the fish train from Kholmogory to Moscow, since the village stood on this trade route.
The former estate of A.A. Lokalova is now occupied by a “family” type orphanage. Despite this, tourists are allowed inside. The interiors of the 19th century have survived in the house. Of great interest is the unique grotto room, the walls of which are made of flax fiber.
There are two large natural reservoirs in Velikiy: the Black and White ponds. In 1985, the Black Pond was given the status of a natural monument. There are a number of versions regarding its name. For example, once upon a time there were forges on the shore of the pond, all the soot from their work went into the pond, so the water here was dark. Based on the color of the water, they began to call it Black. Then, by the decision of the village doctor I.D. Pisarev's pond was cleaned. After that it decreased to 9 hectares. Water is replenished from groundwater and melt water.
In 1895, on the initiative of the same Pisarev, a park was founded, which became a favorite vacation spot for local residents. Now the park is a natural monument. Schoolchildren keep the park clean, and physical education classes are held here in the spring and fall.
Velikoye is located 40 km from the settlement, which ranks third in the list of largest Russian cities, that is, from Yaroslavl. Once upon a time, a road leading to Rostov ran through the village. In the other direction from here you can get to Suzdal. But not geographical location The village of Velikoye in the Yaroslavl region is interesting. The attractions that exist here attract those who are not indifferent to the history and culture of the country.
The most important political and social events took place in Moscow. The village of Velikoye, Yaroslavl region, is 220 km away from the capital. But oddly enough, it was in these places that significant events took place. historical events. This is where the foundations were born centralized state. For the first time, the idea of unifying the principalities was embodied.
Battles in Velikiy
At the end of the fourteenth century, where several cultural and historical monuments are located today, battles took place between Russian warriors and Tatars. In 1425, enmity for the Grand Duchy began between the descendants of Dmitry Donskoy in those days. Major battles were fought by intractable relatives halfway between Rostov and Yaroslavl - where today there is a village with an ambiguous name. This event dates back to the 30s of the fifteenth century. And a century and a half later, a battle took place on these lands again, this time between Russian princes and Polish nobles.
At first XVII century V village of Velikoy, Yaroslavl region The militia of Minin and Pozharsky stopped. They were heading towards Moscow, again to fight the daring Poles who had captured the capital. Local residents treated the liberators very respectfully: they shared provisions, and at night they helped to serve as guards for the vigilantes. Many peasants joined the brave defenders of the Fatherland.
Construction of the first temples
In the 19th century, militias heading to war with the French emperor made a halt in Velikiy. Before and after 1812, Russian tsars often stayed here. Peter I also visited here. The great reformer apparently took a fancy to picturesque places. Rewarding his subjects for participating in the Battle of Poltava, the tsar granted the Great to one of his associates. In 1712, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was erected here, which marked the beginning of the architectural appearance of the village.
Velikoye in the Yaroslavl region over time became a fairly famous settlement. In the middle of the 19th century it became the factory center in the province. Here, for example, the flax industry developed. At the beginning of the 20th century, the products of local factories were known throughout the country. What industrial enterprises operate here today are described below. First, it’s worth listing the attractions of the village of Velikoye, Yaroslavl region. Photos of temples and others are presented in the article.
Velikoselsky Kremlin
This is the main attraction. The history of the Kremlin begins at the beginning of the 17th century, when the above-mentioned church was founded. The architectural monument in Velikiy is usually associated with significant events near Poltava. As already mentioned, it was thanks to victory in battles that one of Peter 1’s close associates became the owner of lands near Yaroslavl.
The main object on the territory of the Kremlin, of course, is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. It is decorated with several domes with various frescoes. Many architectural monuments have been preserved in the Yaroslavl region, but the one located here stands out against the general background with its solemnity and grandeur. It is not for nothing that the settlement, which Peter the Great once drew attention to, received such a memorable name.
In addition to the church, the architectural complex includes the Holy Gate, the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, a bell tower and various outbuildings. There are also chapels and shopping arcades here. Each building is decorated with works of Yaroslavl architecture: pediments, spiers, arches.
In the thirties, the Kremlin was partially destroyed. Today the area is decorated with flower beds, but serious restoration work is required. The bell tower was erected in the middle of the 18th century. Its height is 75 meters. This is a rather unusual structure with a square base. Behind the church there is an old cemetery. There are burials here that were made more than three centuries ago.
Potato Riot Museum
The name of this institution already indicates that a rather unusual exhibition is presented within its walls. Potatoes appeared in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The peasants did not want to grow an unusual, then exotic plant. Later, as you know, they appreciated him according to his merits. Potatoes have become firmly established in Russian national cuisine.
Museum visitors have the opportunity to learn little-known facts from the history of tubers. In addition, there is an interactive program, which is very popular today all over the world. On the ground floor there is a small cafe, the menu of which offers a variety of dishes prepared, of course, from potatoes.
Estate of the merchant Lokalov
The most unusual building on the territory of the village of Velikoye was erected at the end of the 19th century. It was created in neo-Russian style. Decorated with elements typical of a classic Russian mansion. The building owes its unexpected combination of architectural styles to the inexhaustible imagination of Fyodor Shekhtel. According to the architect's designs, several buildings were built in the Yaroslavl region in the 19th century. The estate has the status of a cultural heritage of Russia, but is in a rather neglected state. Before the start of World War II, a museum was located here. Since the forties - an orphanage.
On the territory of the estate, pupils cultivate their own plot. Opposite everyone plants - sign with title and description. Theatrical and festive events are regularly held here. Among the pupils orphanage, located over 60 years ago in a former estate, there is famous people. Information about them is contained on memorial plaques placed on the walls of the building. It is worth saying that there are very few modern buildings in Velikiy. This is one of the ancient settlements where time seems to have stopped. Although there is also a furniture factory here.
Museum of Local Lore
There once was something great the largest village of Yaroslavl areas. At the beginning of the 20th century, about four thousand people lived here. Today - less than two thousand. Nevertheless, the history of the village is very rich. It is not surprising that the local history museum houses several interesting exhibitions. One of them is dedicated to linen production, which developed in the 19th century. Around the same time, the demand for leather goods increased. In the 19th century, not only linen production began to develop, but also leather production. The most famous merchants in those days were the Morugins and Butikovs.
Several exhibitions tell museum visitors about the life of artisans in the village of Velikoy. There is a hall that shows merchant life. The museum also has an exhibition dedicated to the Soviet era.
Other attractions
There are two large ponds in the village. One of them received the status of a natural monument in the eighties. There is an opinion that there was once a blacksmith's shop on its bank. All the soot from the work of the craftsmen went into the reservoir. Hence name - Black. The second reservoir is called White. Probably, unlike the first one, it was located at a distance from the forge. Here is the Bogolyubsky Temple, as well as the Svetelka Museum, decorated in the style of an old merchant's hut.
"Russian rattan"
In the village of Velikoy Gavrilov-Yamskogo there is an enterprise that has become widely known in other regions of Russia in recent years. The company was founded not so long ago - in 2012. Manufactures and sells rattan furniture. IN village of Velikoy, Yaroslavl region equipment for the restaurant and hotel business is manufactured. But not only. The range is quite wide. The company produces furniture sets, kitchen chairs, coffee tables, sofas, chaise lounges, hanging chairs.
The village of Velikoye, Yaroslavl region, is thus famous not only for its unique architectural monuments, but also for its quality furniture. The popularity of the product among restaurant and hotel owners is explained by its low cost. It is not necessary to go to the village of Velikoye, Yaroslavl region, to purchase some furniture. The online store "Russian Rattan" is open every day, delivery is available. Warehouses are located both in the Yaroslavl region and in Moscow.
The purpose of the trip is the village of Velikoye, Yaroslavl region.
Travel date: 05/04/2014.
The budget for the trip is approximately 680 rubles. (for two).
This year we decided to resume our traditional May trips around our native Yaroslavl region. This time the choice fell on Velikoye village- a fairly popular place among tourists; guests even come from Zlatoglavaya itself. I, too, have heard about it for a long time, I always wanted to visit. And this village is famous for something that not every provincial town can boast of: it has its own “Kremlin” and “palace”. Well, let it be, the first is just a temple complex, and the second is just a merchant’s mansion. These architectural pearls are very worthy of attention.
We go to Velikoye from the Yaroslavl bus station by bus № 167 Gavrilov-Yamsk direction (via Shopsha). Departure time - 8.30 am , ticket price - 71 rub./person However, buses run almost hourly.
Information used: N.S. Borisov “Vicinities of Yaroslavl”, sites: http://letopisi.org , http://www.myrusland.ru , http://www.yartravel.ru , http://www.votpusk.ru , http://www.turlog.ru , http://sobory.ru(temples), Wikipedia.
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"... A TRULY GREAT VILLAGE"
That's exactly what he said I.S. Aksakov , Russian publicist, poet and public figure, about this glorious place. And it was famous for its centuries-old history, significant events in the fate of Russia, which were in one way or another connected with the village and its famous people. Let's start with the fact that Velikoye is one of the oldest Upper Volga settlements. Thus, Yaroslavl local historians claim that the settlement existed already at the beginning XIII century . Its simple name is most easily explained by the size of the village - apparently, it was the largest - the greatest - among the surrounding villages. Although, to me, the legend about the Novgorod Slovene tribes who came to the lands of our Meryans sounds more romantic, who, having founded a settlement, decided to perpetuate the memory of their native Veliky Novgorod.
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For the first time in written sources - church books, the Great is mentioned in 1392 in connection with the Russian-Tatar battle, which, according to legend, took place near the village. And here it is on the map Russian Empire The great appeared only in 1607 . A trade route ran through it Moscow — Yaroslavl — Arkhangelsk, in the village “the management of the Rostov palace estates was underway, the palace hut was being moved out”. Two more military events, albeit indirectly, were woven into the history of the Great One. So, in 1612 The troops of Minin and Pozharsky, hurrying from Yaroslavl to Moscow, stopped here for a rest in order to free Russia from the Polish-Lithuanian intervention. And 200 years later, in 1812 , the villages of Velikosel took on vacation the Yaroslavl militias who went to the aid of the capital during the war with Napoleon.
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Yes, and the prince Anikita Ivanovich Repnin , field marshal and associate of Peter I, received a nice village at the turn of the 18th century in gratitude for the victory over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava.
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By the way, it was thanks to this princely family that the Great acquired its “zest” - "Velikoselsky Kremlin" . Peter I himself visited Velikiy 6 times, and before him he stayed here for the night Mikhail Romanov . It’s even interesting how this settlement was ignored Catherine II during her reform journey through Mother Russia, handing out city status to shtetls right and left?
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IN XVIII century from the Repnins the village passes to the industrialist Savva Yakovlev , owner of the Great Yaroslavl Manufactory. From this moment a new stage begins in the history of the Great - it becomes the center of production of the famous "Yaroslavl canvas".
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The Yakovlevs organize linen production; fairs are held annually in the village, the main product at which is the same flax. Doesn't remind you of anything? But we were already in yet another flax-growing estate - town of Gavrilov-Yam.
It was with him, then still a villager Gavrilov, that the Great competed so much. The fact is that “Flax King” A.A. Locals founded a famous factory in Yama, and in Velikiy he built a beautiful mansion - another landmark of the village.
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So the Great One lived and flourished, which, according to eyewitnesses, 19th century was the largest village in the Yaroslavl province and was more like a large county town.
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It is on this positive note that I would like to end this lengthy historical essay. But here I traditionally came Red Revolution . It’s better for me to quote further, without trying to take it to heart. For during all the time of our local history trips, I still couldn’t wrap my head around the thought: “how, why, why did the Bolsheviks treat Russian antiquity so thoughtlessly, cruelly, soullessly, stupidly?!”. In the Great “During the Soviet years, many architectural monuments of the village were completely or partially destroyed. All Velikiye Selo churches were abolished, their decorations were looted and destroyed.”.
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Probably a person loses faith when he abandons his memory, his history, his ancestors.
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My friends don't understand me: Why go to churches - they’re all the same? Why build many churches in one city if one would suffice? They do not understand the peculiarities of architecture, nor the variety of holidays, nor the deeds of the saints in whose name churches were founded, nor the fact that in those ancient times, the church played a significant role in people's lives. No I'm not suffering "Orthodoxy of the brain". I only admire the architects who erected such masterpieces (I will equally applaud those who built the temple and the mansion). I am amazed by the grace and monumentality of the architecture. And I will always respect my ancestors - for "praying", "old times" I understand it precisely as the continuity of generations.
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Fortunately, churches in Velikoye are now being slowly restored, and even the Velikoselskaya Fair has been resumed. But much remains to be done to return the former greatness to the “true Great Village” in Aksakov’s style.
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THE VILLAGE WHERE OLD PAKHOM CARRIED HONEY HONEY
"The groin is a honeycomb
Carried to the market in the Great..."
(N.A. Nekrasov. “Who Lives Well in Rus'”).
Just like that, with a light hand "singer of the Russian land", our fellow countryman-poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov The village of Velikoye was immortalized in literature. However, the fame of this place went far beyond the borders of his native Yaroslavl region. In addition to the “Kremlin” and the Lokalova mansion, the Great is interesting for its radial-ring layout, unique and completely not typical for small settlements. The streets in five rings - posads, intersected by settlements, frame the heart of the city - Black Lake with a temple complex. The development was also carried out in a city style - according to the principle "red line", when houses were built back to back, and the facades looked in one direction - towards the main village temple. By the way, to this day several streets built exactly like this have survived.
central square and the main streets were paved with cobblestones so that one could flaunt in "urban" shoes. And the suits of the great villagers (that’s how the residents proudly styled themselves) wore urban fashion, even quite German clothes. Well, the ladies certainly wore elegant hats. This is what the fashionable Great Village used to be like. Let's see how much has changed now.
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In fact, the village turned out to be very small. You didn’t even need a printed Google map with the only street marked, Yaroslavskaya. While driving to the center with bus stops (there wasn’t even a bus station here), from the window we saw almost all Velikiye Selo sights, including the ruins of the Tikhvin Church, the “palace” and the “Kremlin”. It's surprisingly easy to navigate here even with my topographical stupidity :).
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So I scolded the roads in Nerekhta. But in Velikiy there was simply no asphalt. So we walked along the dusty country paths - fortunately, at least the weather was dry. Numerous dogs barked and chirped in the crowns barely covered with soft green foliage. tall trees birds, old motorcycles and modern foreign cars, covered in mud, roared along the dead ruts.
I was struck by the names of the streets - completely Soviet, although they were the same as ours in Yaroslavl: Uritsky, Svoboda, Trufanov, 1st Red. Well, and, naturally, Yaroslavskaya and Nekrasovskaya. I would like to Sobornaya, Cherry, Lipovaya, Lilac. These warm, soulful names would be more suitable for one-story wooden Velikiye Selo streets with cute houses in boiling white lace trim.
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The stone merchant mansions smelled of patriarchal - solid - antiquity. It is a pity that many of them were in a deplorable state - with peeling plaster, broken windows, gaping doorways, in some places practically uninhabitable, many hopelessly dying. How can you not keep all these masterpieces - witnesses of a glorious time?! But the Great could be real "open air museum".
And yet, the village seemed to us sincere, charming in its simple beauty, enchanted by its antiquity, which was fading into oblivion. And despite the rural slaughter, we decided to begin our acquaintance with the Great with its most beautiful attraction - "palace".
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Mansion A.A.Lokalova (Velikoye village, Yaroslavskaya st., 14) - once again one can only wonder what such luxurious splendor - a worthy decoration of any metropolitan street - is doing in a modest village? However, we remember that a wealthy industrialist, merchant of the 1st guild Alexander Alekseevich Lokalov founded a linen factory in Gavrilov-Yam, and built a real palace for his family in his native village. Moreover, he entrusted this important task to a famous architect F.O. Shekhtel . So, in 1888 - 1890 An elegant mansion was erected in the then fashionable pseudo-Russian style. I have heard about Shekhtel’s masterpieces for a long time. And I even know her - I’ve been to the Yaroslavsky railway station in Moscow many times. For some reason, it is believed that the Lokalovsky mansion and the station are similar. Of course, I'm not an expert in architecture, but I don't think so. The merchant's palace makes a much more impressive impression. This is a holiday mansion, a fairy tale house. Part-time – Velikoselsky Orphanage and "cultural heritage site", which, as usual, is guarded very poorly.
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The two-story white and lemon house is richly decorated with stucco and numerous decorative elements characteristic of the neo-Russian style. Tiles, bright mosaics, twisted half-columns and lush kokoshniks are reminiscent of an ancient Russian tower. Tall narrow windows and a slender turret topped with a spire with an intricate weather vane evoke thoughts of the beloved pseudo-Gothic style. You can admire the Lokalovsky mansion endlessly. But it is impossible not to notice the external shabbyness and the sadness of a slowly dying masterpiece permeating the entire appearance of the building. How is that possible? - refers to an architectural monument?!
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Single tourists like us cannot get inside. I would like to see marble staircases, oak doors, and state rooms decorated with rich stucco, and especially a grotto room with a winter garden.
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Unfortunately, the interior decoration suffered in the post-revolutionary years, for example, it was destroyed heating system with tiled stoves.
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In the 20s of the last century, the provincial museum was located in the Lokalov mansion - a worthy host for such a building. And since the war years - a shelter. You understand that teachers and their students have neither the means, nor the strength, nor the necessary knowledge and skills to preserve Shekhtel’s masterpiece.
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And, apparently, one cannot expect any help from the state, which has a direct responsibility for protecting the people’s property. And how vital it is! - the mansion has a strong economic and caring hand of restoration!
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On the territory of the former estate you can still see dilapidated buildings, and many of them will never be returned.
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We look with sadness at the massive gate posts with an elegant forged fence, in the design of which we can guess the images shamrock- symbol "eternal tree of life". Will Lokalov's estate ever come to life?..
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Walked around Yaroslavskaya street- one of the most interesting in the village. The unique stone buildings are best preserved here. XVIII-XIX centuries. It's nice to walk through the former settlement, admiring the merchant mansions. Every house has a fascinating story. Here with knowledgeable people walk! The book of my respected N.S. Borisova "Vicinities of Yaroslavl" suggests that, first of all, you should pay attention to two mansions.
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House No. 15- antique, its age is no less 200 years , once elegant, with discreet trim, classic decor. Now it is a sad sight, the windows of the first floor are boarded up and covered with bricks, on the second - only one half is residential. As if embarrassed by its decrepit appearance, the house hides behind thin trees.
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IN house number 19 According to legend, he stopped himself Peter I , as the corresponding sign says. A sturdy, squat white mansion with massive "serfs" walls, small windows and austere decoration. We remember that the emperor-reformer was cool about excesses, but now ordinary villagers live here.
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