Test tasks.
1. Henry the Navigator was a prince of which country?
a) Spain
b) Portugal
c) France
d) Germany
2. Henry the Navigator is famous for
a) made several long sea voyages in the Atlantic Ocean
b) founded the first nautical school in Europe
c) crossed the Mediterranean Sea and opened the sea route to Africa
d) discovered Greenland
3. Bartolomeu Dias first
a) reached India
b) from Europeans circled Africa
c) reached the coast of Africa
d) circumnavigated the world
4. In what year did Vasco da Gama reach the shores of India?
b) 1498
5. How many times did Vasco da Gama visit India?
at three o'clok
d) four
6. Which of the three proposed statements is correct?
a) Vasco da Gama was the first European to circumnavigate Africa and take his ships to the Indian Ocean.
b) India was considered the richest country in the medieval world.
c) The Age of the Greats geographical discoveries lasted from the end of the 15th century to the first half of the 17th century.
Thematic workshop.
Read the text and answer the questions.
In Europe, goods from the East were highly valued: spices (cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg), pearls, fabrics, ivory, etc. They were brought from India. Arab merchants delivered them to the Mediterranean Sea.
But in the XIII century, on the way to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, the state of the Mamluks arose, and in the XIV century in Asia Minor - Ottoman Empire. These states imposed heavy taxes on caravans for transporting goods, and often simply robbed them.
The influx of goods from the East became less and less. Their prices in Western Europe have increased hundreds of times. Trade routes along the southern Russian steppes, bypassing the Caspian Sea, through Central and Central Asia, required a lot of time, were expensive and were far from safe.
A convenient sea route from Europe to the countries of the East was needed. The search for profitable sea routes to the East in the 15th century was started by Portugal. Along the way, sailors discovered the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands and the island of Madeira. These lands became their base for distant voyages. In 1445, the Portuguese reached the westernmost point of Africa - Cape Verde, opened the mouths of the Senegal and Gambia rivers. Before that, none of the Europeans had ever been here.
Portuguese navigators found that the further south, the more the coast of Africa deviates to the east. Maybe the mainland ends somewhere and is washed by the sea from the south? Then it would be possible to go around the land, get into the Indian Ocean, and go by ship to India and China and from there bring spices and other valuable goods to Europe by sea! The thought was breathtaking.
1. What spices were brought to Europe from India?
Cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg.
2. Name the sea, bay and peninsula that had to be crossed on the way from India to Europe.
Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Hindustan Peninsula.
3. Why was a sea route to India needed?
Christopher Columbus wanted to open a new and short route to India.
4. Who organized the voyages of Portuguese sailors to the coast of Africa?
First voyage - Bartolomeu Dias.
The next one is Vasco Da Gam.
5. Name the navigator who was the first to circumnavigate Africa.
Bartolomeu Dias.
Cartographic workshop.
Follow the map of the navigation of Vasco da Gama and name the geographical objects through which he passed.
1. Iberian Peninsula
2. Canary Islands
3. Cape Verde Islands
4. Gulf of Guinea
5. vpd.Livingston
6. Mozambique Strait
7. Somali peninsula
Test tasks
1. Henry the Navigator was a prince of which country?
a) Spain
b) Portugal
c) France
d) Germany
Answer b) Portugal.
2. Henry the Navigator is famous for
a) made several long sea voyages in the Atlantic Ocean
b) founded the first nautical school in Europe
c) crossed the Mediterranean Sea and opened the sea route to Africa
d) discovered Greenland
Answer b) founded the first nautical school in Europe.
3. Bertolomeu Dias first
a) reached India
b) from Europeans circled Africa
c) reached the coast of Africa
d) circumnavigated the world
Answer b) from Europeans circled Africa.
4. In what year did Vasco da Gama reach the shores of India?
Answer b) 1498.
5. How many times did Vasco da Gama visit India?
d) four
Answer b) two.
6. Which of the three proposed statements is correct?
a) Vasco da Gama was the first European to circumnavigate Africa and take his ships to the Indian Ocean.
b) India was considered the richest country in the medieval world.
c) The Age of Discovery lasted from the end of the 15th century to the first half of the 17th century.
Answer c) The Age of Discovery lasted from the end of the 15th century to the first half of the 17th century.
Thematic workshop
Read the text and answer the questions.
1. What spices were brought to Europe from India?
Answer. Cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg.
2. Name the sea, the bay and the peninsula that had to be crossed on the way from India to Europe?
Answer. Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Somali Peninsula, Cape of Good Hope, Hindustan Peninsula.
3. Why was a sea route to India needed?
Answer. In the 13th century, on the way to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, the state of the Mamluks arose, and in the 14th century, in Asia Minor, the Ottoman Empire. These states imposed heavy taxes on caravans for transporting goods, and often simply robbed them.
The influx of goods from the East became less and less. Their prices in Western Europe increased hundreds of times. Trade routes along the southern Russian steppes, bypassing the Caspian Sea, through Central and Central Asia required a lot of time, were expensive and were far from safe.
A convenient sea route to the countries of the East was needed.
4. Who organized the voyages of Portuguese sailors to the coast of Africa?
Answer. Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator.
5. Name the navigator who was the first to circumnavigate Africa.
Answer. Bartolomeu Dias.
Cartographic workshop
Follow on the map the navigation path of Vasco da Gama and name the geographical objects through which he passed.
1. Iberian Peninsula
2. Canary Islands
3. Cape Verde Islands
4. Gulf of Guinea
6. Mozambique Channel
7. Somali peninsula
8. Hindustan Peninsula
I read a lot about seafarers: brave Europeans, adventurers and unflappable explorers. So it was written in children's and youthful books that came across to me. India was often mentioned. Everyone was looking for a way. But what were the true reasons for the search? I will try to tell you.
Why did the Europeans need a sea route to India
By the 14th and 15th centuries, productivity in Europe had risen significantly. The tools of production improved, trade expanded and flourished. More and more coins were minted, and this required gold and silver, which was not enough.
Trade with the East was conducted along the Great Silk Road, but gradually the Mongols captured all the main cities located along this course, and it became difficult, expensive and dangerous to obtain goods. And the European rulers dreamed of a fabulous India, where they could get hold of not only gold, but also very expensive spices at that time, receiving super profits for this at home.
And when the Turks captured Constantinople, they cut off the last routes for trade with India and China. Prices for overseas goods have skyrocketed! This accelerated the search for new ways, and all hope was on the navigators.
Here are the most famous sailors who, like blind kittens (by today's standards), were looking for the cherished land:
- Vasco da Gama;
- the Vivaldi brothers;
- Alvise Kadamosto;
- Christopher Columbus.
Who managed to find a way to India
Some historians mention Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi, who, as early as the 14th century, tried to go around Africa and swim to India. But there is no evidence to support that they made it to the inviting shores.
And we know for sure that a sailor named Vasco da Gama reached India. His flotilla arrived at the port of Calicut in May 1498.
In school textbooks, Vasco da Gama appears to schoolchildren only as a brave captain, but, in fact, he was an imperious and formidable conqueror.For this reason, he came into conflict with local rulers. After a short time, he had to set sail, without having established trade.
But the deed was done - the sea route to India was opened!
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