How did Hitler study? What is Hitler's real last name? Why did Hitler hate the Jews

Basic concepts Dictatorship Leaderism Right-wing ideology
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Militarism Anti-democratism Ideology Völkische bewegung 25 points program
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Nuremberg Race Laws
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The catastrophe of European Jewry
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National-social public charity
Strength through joy Faith and beauty
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National Socialist pilots union
National Socialist student union
National Socialist doctors union
National Socialist union of teachers
National Socialist union of lawyers
Union "National-Social. women"
National-social War Victims Relief Union Nazi parties and movements Crossed arrows (Hungary)
National-social party of North Caucasian brothers
Flemish National Union (Belgium)
National Socialist traffic (Netherlands)
Chechen-mountain nat.-social. underground organization
National Unity (Norway)
Perkonkrusts (Latvia) Related concepts Anti-fascism
Anti-communism Neo-Nazism
integral nationalism
Nazi occult

Biography

Pedigree

The father of the future Fuhrer Alois Hitler (1837-1903) was first a shoemaker, then a customs officer; mother - Clara (1860-1907), nee Pölzl. Alois, being illegitimate, bore the surname of his mother Maria Anna Schicklgruber until 1876. Schicklgruber). Five years after the birth of Alois, Maria Schicklgruber married the wandering miller Johann Georg Hiedler. In 1876, three witnesses testified that Giedler, who died in 1857, was the father of Alois, which allowed the latter to change his surname. The change in the spelling of the surname to Hitler was allegedly caused by a misprint by the priest when writing in the Birth Registration Book. Modern researchers consider the probable father of Alois not Hidler, but his brother Johann Nepomuk Güttler, who took Alois into his house and raised him.

Adolf Hitler himself, contrary to the assertion widespread since the 1920s and even included in the 3rd edition of the TSB, never bore the surname Schicklgruber.

On January 7, 1885, Alois married his relative (granddaughter of Johann Nepomuk Güttler) Clara Pölzl. This was his third marriage, by which time he had a son, Alois, and a daughter, Angela, who later became the mother of Geli Raubal, Hitler's alleged mistress. Due to family ties, Alois had to obtain permission from the Vatican in order to marry Clara. Clara gave birth to six children, of which Adolf was the third.

On March 24, a brother was born - Edmund (1894-1900) and Adolf for some time ceased to be the center of attention of the family. And on April 1, my father received a new appointment in Linz. But the family remained in Passau for another year, so as not to move with a newborn baby.

Hitler (in the center) with classmates. 1900

It was in Leonding that his critical attitude towards the church was born under the influence of his father's statements.

In September 1900, Adolf entered the first class state real school in Linz. Adolf did not like the change of a rural school to a large and alien real school in the city. He only liked to walk the 6 km distance from home to school.

From that time on, Adolf begins to learn only what he likes. Everything else is ignored. This is to some extent connected with the constant pressure of the father, about a good study. And he likes only history, geography and especially drawing.

As a result of this attitude to study, he remains for the second year in the first grade of a real school.

Youth

At the age of 13, when Adolf was in the second grade of a real school in Linz, on January 3, 1903, his father suddenly died. Despite the incessant disputes and strained relations, Adolf still loved his father and sobbed uncontrollably at the coffin.

At the request of his mother, he continues to go to school, but he finally decided for himself that he would be an artist, and not an official, as his father wanted.

In the spring of 1903 he moved to a school dormitory in Linz. Lessons at school began to attend irregularly.

Angela, her half-sister, is getting married on September 14, 1903, and now only Adolf, his sister Paula and mother's sister Johanna Pölzl remain in the house with their mother.

When Adolf was 15 years old and he was finishing the third grade of a real school, on May 22, 1904, he was confirmed in Linz and on this day he watches a film for the first time in his life. At the same time, he composes a play, writes poetry and short stories. He even composed the libretto for Wagner's opera based on the legend of Wieland and the overture.

He still goes to school with disgust, and most of all he dislikes French. In order not to have to repeat the year in the third grade of a real school, he must retake French in the fall. In the autumn of 1904, he takes a second exam, but they take a promise from him that in the fourth grade he will go to another school.

  • Gemer, who at that time taught Adolf French and other subjects, said at the trial of Hitler in 1924: “Hitler was undoubtedly gifted, although one-sided. He almost did not know how to control himself, he was stubborn, self-willed, wayward and quick-tempered. Wasn't diligent." According to numerous testimonies, it can be concluded that already in his youth, Hitler showed pronounced psychopathic traits.

In September 1904, Hitler, fulfilling this promise, enters the state real school in Steyr in the fourth grade and studies there until September 1905. In Steyr, he lives in the house of the merchant Ignaz Kammerhofer at Grünmarket 19 (later Alolf Hitlerplatz).

In the autumn of 1905, Hitler, at the request of his mother, with great reluctance begins to attend school again in Steyr and retake exams in order to receive a certificate for the fourth grade.

But then he is diagnosed with a serious lung disease and the doctor advises his mother to postpone his schooling for at least a year and recommends that he never work in an office in the future. Mother picks up Adolf from school and takes him to Spital to relatives. Here he drinks a lot of milk, eats well and recovers quickly. He draws a lot with pencil and paints. The mother, following the advice of the doctor, agrees that Adolf will now attend the Vienna Art Academy instead of school. Since by this time the entrance exams had ended, he did nothing until the spring of 1906.

In September 1908, he made another attempt to enter the Vienna Academy of Arts. But it fails in the first round.

After the failure, Hitler changes his place of residence several times without giving anyone new addresses. Dodges the army (as subject of Austria). He does not want to serve in the same army with the Czechs and Jews, to fight "for the Habsburg state", but at the same time he is ready to die for the German Reich.

From December 1909 to May 1913 he lived in Vienna in a men's hostel. Hitler is so self-confident that he quickly gets a job as an "academic artist", and from 1909 as a writer. In 1909, he met Reinhold Ganish, who began to successfully sell his paintings. The proceeds are divided in half. Until the middle of 1910, Hitler paints a lot of small-format paintings in Vienna. These are mostly copies from postcards and old engravings depicting all sorts of historical buildings in Vienna. In addition, he draws all kinds of advertisements. In August 1910, Hitler claims to the Vienna police station that Ganisch withheld part of the proceeds from him and stole one painting. Ganish was sent to prison for seven days. Since then, he has been selling his paintings himself. Every day he draws a small picture and gives it to the client in the evening (often they are Jewish collectors). The work brings such a large income that in May 1911 he refuses in favor of his sister Paula from the monthly pension due to him as an orphan. In addition, in the same year he receives most of the inheritance of his aunt (mother's sisters) Johanna Peltz.

During this period, Hitler realizes that he does not have enough knowledge and begins to intensively engage in self-education. Subsequently, he was able to communicate freely and read literature and newspapers in the original French and English. (but he hid it during the negotiations in order to have time to think about the answer). During the war he liked to watch French and English films without translation. He was very well versed in arming the armies of the world, history, etc. At the same time, he showed an interest in politics.

On October 7, he was transferred to the 3rd company of the reserve infantry regiment No. 16. From 10/14/1915 to 02/29/1916 positional battles in French Flanders.

1916

From 01.03-23.06 positional battles in French Flanders. The beginning of a love affair with Charlotte Lobjoie

July 8-18, participation in reconnaissance and demonstration battles of the 6th Army in connection with the Battle of the Somme. From 15.03-8.05 positional battles in French Flanders. 19-20.07 participation in the battle of Fromel. 21.07-25.09 positional battles in French Flanders. 26.09-5.10 Participation in the Battle of the Somme

September 17, 1917 awarded Iron cross with swords for military merit of the third degree.

30.09-17.10 vacation. I went to visit relatives in Spital. Breaking off a love affair with Charlotte Lobjoie due to her pregnancy.

November 21, 1918 transferred to the 7th company of the 1st reserve battalion of the 2nd Bavarian infantry regiment.

While recovering in the hospital, he learned about the surrender of Germany and the overthrow of the Kaiser, which was a great shock to him.

Hitler, according to numerous testimonies, was prudent, very brave and an excellent soldier.

Creation of the NSDAP

During one of the discussions, he makes a very strong impression with his anti-Semitic monologue on the head of the agitation department of the 4th Bavarian Reichswehr Command, and he invites him to take on political functions on an army scale. A few days later he was appointed an officer of education (confidant). Hitler turned out to be a bright and temperamental speaker and attracted the attention of listeners.

The decisive moment in Hitler's life was the moment of his unshakable recognition by the supporters of anti-Semitism. In the period from 1919 to 1921, Hitler intensively read books from the library of Friedrich Kohn. This library was clearly anti-Semitic content, which left a deep mark on Hitler.

Until April 1, 1920, Hitler continued to serve in the Reichswehr. On February 24, 1920, Hitler organized the first of many large public events for the Nazi Party in the beer hall of the Hofbräuhaus. During his speech, he proclaimed the twenty-five points drawn up by him, Drexler and Feder, which became the program of the Nazi Party. "Twenty-five Points" combined pan-Germanism, demands for the abolition of Treaty of Versailles, anti-Semitism, demands for socialist transformation and a strong central government.

At the initiative of Hitler, the party adopted a new name - the German National Socialist Workers' Party (in the German transcription NSDAP). In political journalism, they began to be called Nazi, by analogy with the socialists - Social.

07/11/1921 - withdrawal from the NSDAP.

07/26/1921 - return to the NSDAP.

07/29/1921 - elected chairman of the NSDAP.

01/12/1922 - sentenced to three months in prison for disturbing the peace.

26.06-27.07. 1922 - prison Munich-Stadelheim.

January 27-29, 1923 - the first all-German congress of the NSDAP in Munich.

"Beer coup"

Hitler in the 20s

By the beginning of the 1920s. The NSDAP became one of the most prominent organizations in Bavaria. Ernst Rohm stood at the head of the assault squads (German abbreviation SA). Hitler quickly became a political figure to be reckoned with, at least within Bavaria.

On the way to power

Hitler - orator, early 30s

07/07/1924 - refusal to lead the banned NSDAP.

12/20/1924 - early release.

During the absence of the leader, the party disintegrated. Hitler had to practically start everything from scratch. Ryom, who began the restoration of the assault detachments, rendered him great help. However, Gregor Strasser, the leader of right-wing extremist movements in North and Northwest Germany, played a decisive role in the revival of the NSDAP. Bringing them into the ranks of the NSDAP, he helped transform the party from a regional (Bavarian) into a nationwide political force.

In April 1925 he renounced his Austrian citizenship and until February 1932 he was stateless.

07/18/1925 - the first volume of "Mein Kampf" is published.

07/3-4/1926 - the second congress of the NSDAP in Weimar. Founding of the Hitler Youth.

11/1/1926 - the establishment of the top leadership of the SA. The beginning of the conquest of "red Berlin" by Goebbels.

12/10/1926 - the release of the second volume of "Mein Kampf".

19-21.08.1927 - the third congress of the NSDAP in Nurberg.

In the meantime, Hitler was looking for support at the all-German level. He managed to win the trust of a part of the generals, as well as establish contacts with industrial magnates.

1-4.08.1929 - fourth all-German Congress of the NSDAP in Nuremberg.

When the parliamentary elections in 1930 and 1932 brought the Nazis a serious increase in deputy mandates, the ruling circles of the country began to seriously consider the NSDAP as a possible participant in government combinations. An attempt was made to remove Hitler from the leadership of the party and to stake on Strasser. However, Hitler managed to quickly isolate his associate and deprive him of any influence in the party. In the end, it was decided in the German leadership to give Hitler the main administrative and political post, surrounding him (just in case) with guardians from the traditional conservative parties.

25.02.1932 - German citizen. To do this, he was appointed to the government council in the land of Braunschweig, which automatically gave German citizenship.

March-April 1932 - candidate for the election of the Reich President of Germany. He was the first German politician to make electoral trips by plane. He takes lessons in oratory and acting from the opera singer Paul Devrient.

11/6/1932 - elections to the Reichstag. The NSDAP has the strongest faction.

Having come to power, Hitler declared that not a single relative would get anything from this. Cut off all contact with relatives. In the future, he communicated almost exclusively with his sister Paula.

Reich Chancellor and Head of State

Domestic politics

Under Hitler's leadership, unemployment was drastically reduced and then eliminated. Large-scale actions were launched to provide humanitarian assistance to the needy population. Encouraged mass cultural and sports festivals, etc. However, the basis of the policy of the Nazi regime was the preparation for revenge for the lost World War I. To this end, industry was reconstructed, large-scale construction was launched, and strategic reserves were created. Propaganda indoctrination of the population was carried out in the spirit of revanchism.

He believes that he is seriously ill and will die soon. He begins to hurry with the implementation of his plans. On November 5, 1937, he writes a political will, and on May 2, 1938, a personal one.

The Second World War

Visit to occupied Poland, 1939

These claims are met with a sharp rebuff. Hitler concludes the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with Stalin containing the terms of the division of Eastern Europe between Germany and the USSR (August 23), then provokes the Gleiwitz Incident and uses it as an excuse to attack Poland (September 1), in fact - casus belli of World War II. Having defeated Poland during September, Hitler in April-May 1940 occupies Norway, Denmark, Holland, Luxembourg and Belgium, breaks through the front in France and in June occupies Paris and withdraws France from the war. An attempt to force England to capitulate or sign peace fails due to the threat of attack from the USSR, and hopes for a landing operation and occupation of the island turn out to be futile. In the spring, Hitler seizes Greece and Yugoslavia, and on June 22 he attacks the USSR. The defeats of the Soviet troops at the first stage of the Soviet-German war led to the occupation by the Nazi troops of the Baltic republics, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and part of Russia. A brutal occupation regime was established in the occupied territories, which destroyed many millions of people.

beliefs and habits

  • 10 o'clock: Picks up newspapers and correspondence from a chair near the door and looks through it while lying in bed. Further washing, shaving, dressing.

After his hands began to tremble, a servant began to shave him.

  • Around 11 o'clock: The servant invariably knocked on the locked door with the greeting " Good morning, my Fuehrer. It is time!»
  • 11 - 12 hours. With the help of a call, Hitler demands breakfast:

Until 1938 - a glass of milk and crispbread. Later - Apple, mint or chamomile tea. Sweet savory bread. In 1944-45 - A lot of cakes with chocolate. Or porridge - from oatmeal drenched in milk, a grated apple, a few nuts and lemon slices. Sometimes Gervais cheese. During breakfast, he arranges meetings and business for the day with the adjutant.

  • After 12 noon: appointments, meetings, etc.
  • Between 14:00 and 17:00: Lunch:

Fruits. Soup (never broth). Beans, carrots and other vegetables. Potatoes and salad (always cooked with lemon). Fuhrer loved vegetable stew (especially white beans), yellow peas and lentils. He should cook vegetables only in fresh oil. Willingly ate fried eggs with bread, without a crust. For a long time, Hitler ate eggs with black caviar, but when he found out the price of black caviar, he forbade him to serve it.

From 1941, Hitler also began to eat sardines in oil and liver dumplings. Could eat dumplings for several days in a row, but they had to be cooked in a different way (fried, boiled, etc.). If there are guests, then his food does not outwardly differ from the food of the guests. He eats what is served to the guests, with the exception of (after 1931) meat and animal fat dishes. If the guests eat a steak, then he is served an imaginary vegetable steak.

  • Between 20 and 24 hours: Dinner:

Most often - boiled egg, jacket potatoes (he loves it very much - after cleaning he dips it in oil) and cottage cheese. After the Battle of Stalingrad, he began to drink 1-2 glasses of beer, hoping to get tired faster and go to bed. However, when Hitler noticed that he was getting better, this habit was abandoned.

  • After dinner - one hour rest.
  • After rest, until 6-8 o'clock in the morning:

Before the war - "talking by the fireplace" until 6 o'clock in the morning. During the war - discussion of the state of affairs - often until 8 o'clock in the morning. After breakfast with cakes and playing with his shepherd dog, he went to bed.

see also

  • Hitler, Alois
  • Charlotte Lobjoie

Notes

  1. July 29, 1921 was elected 1st chairman of the NSDAP, Fuhrer since November 1921.
  2. Davidson, Eugene. - University of Missouri Press, 1997. - P. 6. - 419 p. - ISBN 9780826211170
  3. Werner Maser. Adolf Gitler. 1998. ISBN 5-222-004595-X
  4. Hitler: a Study in Tyranny. - New York: Harper & Raw. (English)
  5. Hitler Adolf- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  6. Davin, Eric Leif Hitler Never Really Was Schicklgruber. The New York Times (May 6, 1990). Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  7. Shearer, W. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. T. 1. S. 16.
  8. Shearer, W. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. T. 1. S. 18.
  9. Erich Fromm, Anatomy of Human Destructiveness, Chapter 13.
  10. Mein Kampf, Chapter 2
  11. Fest I. Adolf Hitler. In 3 volumes. Volume 1 / Translation by A. A. Fedorov. - Perm: Aleteyya, 1993. Chapter V p. 87; ISBN 5-87964-006-X, 5-87964-005-1; Volume 2 / Translation by A. A. Fedorov, N. S. Letnev, A. M. Andronov. - Perm: Aletheya, 1993. ISBN 5-87964-007-8, 5-87964-005-1; Volume 3 / Translation by A. M. Andronov, A. A. Fedorov. - Perm: Aletheya, 1993. ISBN 5-87964-005-1, 5-87964-008-6 /// Fest, J. Hitler. Eine Biography. - Berlin: Propyläen, 1973.
  12. Davidson, Eugene The making of Adolf Hitler: the birth and rise of Nazism. - University of Missouri Press, 1997. - P. 124. - 419 p. - ISBN 9780826211170
  13. Davidson, Eugene The making of Adolf Hitler: the birth and rise of Nazism. - University of Missouri Press, 1997. - P. 126. - 419 p. - ISBN 9780826211170
  14. Heiden, K. A history of national socialism. P. 12.
  15. Heiden, K. A history of national socialism. P. 20.
  16. Melnikov D. E., Chernaya L. B. Criminal number 1. The Nazi regime and its Fuhrer. M., 1981.
  17. Kershaw J Hitler. London, 1991.
  18. Fest Joachim. Hitler. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974, p. 476
  19. Alan Bullock. A.Hitler. A Study in Tyranny, page 309
  20. Man of the Year Time.com Monday, Jan. 02, 1939
  21. Encyclopedia for children Avanta +. T.1. The World History. - 4th edition, rev. and revised / editorial board: M. Aksyonova, D. Volodikhin, O. Eliseeva and others - Moscow, 2007. P. 582-583. ISBN 5-98986-050-1
  22. http://www.pravda.ru/culture/literature/news/52053-hitler-0
  23. BBC English FSB talks about burning Hitler's remains
  24. http://inosmi.ru//politic/20091209/156918731.html
  25. The Germans are concerned about the veneration of Hitler in Pakistan and India (Russian). lenta.ru. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
  26. Wie Adolf nach Indien kam (German). spiegel.de. Retrieved April 21, 2010.

Literature

  • Maser, V. Adolf Gitler. - Phoenix, 1998. - 608 p. - ISBN 5-222-004595-X
  • Fest, I. Adolf Hitler = Hitler. - Perm: Aleteyya, 1993. In 3 volumes. Volume 1: ISBN 5-87964-006-X, 5-87964-005-1; Volume 2: ISBN 5-87964-007-8, 5-87964-005-1; Volume 3: ISBN 5-87964-005-1, 5-87964-008-6
  • Shearer, W. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich = The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. - M .: Zakharov, 2009. In 2 volumes. Volume 1: 816 pp., ISBN 978-5-8159-0921-2. Volume 2: 704 pp., ISBN 978-5-8159-0920-5.
  • Heiden, K.. - Taylor & Francis, 1934. - 1934 p. - ISBN 9780374937768
  • Heiden, K. The Fuhrer: Hitler's Rise to Power. - Basic Books, 1999. - 624 p. - ISBN 078670683X

Links

  • Lectures on the history of Nazi Germany (English)
  • Paintings of the Third Reich Paintings by Adolf Hitler
  • Schreiber b."The Man Behind Hitler" (in English) (Bernhard Schreiber "The Man Behind Hitler")
  • Kozlov V. A. Case "Myth". NKVD investigation into Hitler's suicide. Part 1.
  • pictures of Hitler
  • drawings of Hitler

* In 1934-1945, the post of Reich President of Germany was abolished, replaced by the title Fuhrer state and merged with the post of Reich Chancellor. In his will, Hitler restored the post of president and appointed various persons (Dönitz and Goebbels) to this post and to the post of chancellor, but did not bequeath to anyone to be called the Fuhrer instead of himself.

The official census indicates that Adolf was born in Austria in April 1889. There is a version that his father Alois Schicklgruber was illegitimate and bore his mother's surname until the age of 14. His mother later married a certain I.G. Hidler (over time, this surname has changed a little), and under this surname Alois has already begun his youthful life, i.e. Adolf himself was already born into a family of full-fledged Hitlers.

The stepfather belonged to the family of Jews Czech origin. Naturally, he had nothing to do with Adolf's family tree. In 1928, after a series of investigations, a theory appeared that Adolf's grandfather could be Jewish. Most opponents of Hitler's political beliefs happily supported this version, trying to discredit his personality and question his membership in the SS. Gaps in the biography of the German Fuhrer contributed to the strengthening of this theory. However, having raised secret archives, historians have come to the conclusion that there are no Jewish roots in Hitler's family. And today this version is recognized as official, completely refuting the Jewish origin of the Fuhrer. After a detailed study of the declassified documents, it was found that in the pedigree of Hitler in several generations there were only Austrians.

Hitler's real name has been a subject of controversy among historians for several decades after the end of World War II. Many versions of the origin of the German bloody tyrant were considered. Disputes regarding the name of Hitler are a natural thing, because any scandalous fact related to famous person. In order to understand the nature various versions, it is necessary to recall the genealogy of Adolf Hitler.

Causes of disputes over the name of the German Fuhrer

The father of the Fuhrer of the Third Reich Hitler, Alois, was born in 1837. It was from this time that the "problem of the surname" of the future German dictator began. His mother was Maria-Anna Schicklgruber. If to speak modern language, this woman had the status of a single mother. At the time of the birth of her son, she was not married, so Alois, Adolf's father, was recorded in his mother's surname. Following this logic, Hitler's real name is Schicklgruber. Knowing that the Fuhrer, at least during the years of his active political life, bore the name Hitler, we understand that the situation was not so simple.

Who was Adolf Hitler's grandfather?

The question of Hitler's grandfather is also controversial. To understand the legitimacy of Hitler having this particular surname, it is necessary to establish exactly who was the father of Alois. Here the versions are different, because Maria Anna led a rather dissolute lifestyle in her youth, so it is impossible to be 100% sure who is considered Adolf's grandfather. The most likely option is that the poor miller Johann Georg Hiedler should be recognized as the father of Alois (by the way, this is the most correct spelling of this surname). This man did not have his own house, he lived in poverty all his life. According to some people, during the same period, Maria Anna could also meet Johann Georg's brother, Nepomuk Güttler, who was 15 years younger. But this option is unlikely, because even Hidler himself admitted his paternity. If Alois's father is still not Gidler, but Nepomuk, then Hitler's real name could be Güttler.

Jewish version of the origin of Adolf Hitler

We all remember very well one of the fundamental points of the ideology of the fascist NDASP party, which was total hatred and the need to exterminate the Jewish people. The version that Hitler's father was Jewish appeared in the 1950s. It was expressed by the Governor-General of Poland in the period from 1939 to 1945. Hans France. He told in his memoirs that Hitler's mother, some time before his birth, worked on the estate of the Jewish merchant Frankenberg. Of course, there is no evidence of a mother's love affair with this Jew, but still, according to Hans Frans, Hitler's real name should be Frankenberg.

Considering the likelihood of this version through the prism of the ideology of fascism and National Socialism, historians almost immediately rejected the possibility of such paternity in principle.

Schicklgruber becomes Hitler

In 1876, the Fuhrer's father Alois decided to change his surname. As we have already emphasized, at birth he was recorded by his mother's maiden name. He bore this surname until the age of 39. According to some reports, in 1876 Johann Hiedler was still alive and officially recognized paternity. Other sources claim that Hidler had already died at that time.

How was the name change process? According to the German law in force at that time, to confirm paternity, the testimony of at least three persons who knew the father and mother of the person who changes the data in the information about the parents was required. Alois Schicklgruber found three such witnesses. The notary has formalized the change of surname officially. We will not analyze the meaning of changing personal data, because it was a purely personal decision of Alois Hitler.

Adolf Hitler: real surname and name

The bloody German dictator was born on April 20, 1889. It has been 13 years since the changes were made to the birth records of his father. There is no doubt that he could not bear the name Schicklgruber, although in the first editions a large Soviet Encyclopedia this man appears precisely as Adolf Schicklgruber. By the way, the version of Soviet historians about Hitler's surname was based on the fact that he put his grandmother's maiden name as a signature in his first drawings.

Today there is no longer a dispute, because all historians are sure that Hitler's real name and surname correspond to those data that have forever remained in the history of the 20th century.

Both of Adolf Hitler's parents came from the rural area of ​​Waldviertel in Austria, near the Czech border. Hitler's father, Alois, was born on June 7, 1837, to an unmarried 42-year-old Maria Anna Schicklgruber. Alois' father (Adolf Hitler's grandfather) is unknown. It was rumored that he was the son of a wealthy Jew, Frankenberger, for whom Maria Anna worked as a servant-cook. When Alois was almost five years old, a certain Johann Georg Hiedler married Maria Schicklgruber. The surname Hiedler (in ancient metrics was also written as Hüttler) sounded unusual for an Austrian and resembled a Slavic one. Five years later, Maria, Adolf Hitler's grandmother, died. Stepfather Johann Georg abandoned his stepson, and Alois was raised by his stepfather's brother, Johann Nepomuk Hidler, who had no sons. At the age of 13, Alois ran away from home and first got a job as an apprentice shoemaker in Vienna, and after 5 years - in the border guard. He quickly moved up in the ranks and soon became a senior customs inspector in the town of Braunau.

Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler

In the spring of 1876, Nepomuk, who wanted to have a son, even if it was not his own, adopted Alois, giving him his last name. It is not known for what reason she was slightly changed during adoption - from Hiedler to Hitler. Six months later, Nepomuk died, and Alois inherited his farm worth 5,000 florins. Lover of love affairs, the father of Adolf Hitler then already had illegitimate daughter. Alois first married a woman who was 14 years older than him, but she divorced him when he entered into a love affair with the cook Fanny Matzelsberger. In addition, Alois was attracted by the granddaughter of his adoptive father Nepomuk, sixteen-year-old Clara Pelzl, who was formally his cousin's niece. In 1882, Fanny gave birth to a son from Alois, named after his father, and then a daughter, Angela. Alois was married to Fanny, but she died in 1884.

Even before that, Alois entered into a love affair with the calm, gentle Clara Pelzl. In January 1885, he married her, having received special permission from Rome for this, since the new wife was formally his close relative. In the coming years, Clara gave birth to two boys and one girl, but they all died. On April 20, 1889, Clara's fourth child, Adolf, was born.

Clara Pelzl-Hitler - mother of Adolf Hitler

Three years later, Alois was promoted, and Adolf Hitler's parents moved from Austria to the German city of Passau, where the young Fuhrer forever mastered the Bavarian dialect. When Adolf was almost five years old, his parents had another child - the son of Edmund. In the spring of 1895, the Hitler family moved to Havefeld, a village fifty kilometers southwest of Linz. The Hitlers lived in a peasant house with a field of almost two hectares and were considered wealthy people. Soon parents gave Hitler to primary school, whose teachers later recalled him as "a student with a lively mind, obedient, but playful." Even at this age, Adolf showed his oratory skills and soon became a ringleader among his peers. At the beginning of 1896, a daughter, Paula, was also born in the Hitler family.

House in Braunau, where Hitler's family lived and he was born

Alois Hitler retired from customs, leaving behind the memory of a diligent employee, but a rather arrogant man who loved to be photographed in official uniform. Because of his inclinations as a family tyrant, he came into sharp conflict with his eldest son and namesake. At the age of 14, Alois Jr. followed his father's example and ran away from home. The Hitler family moved again - to the town of Lambach, where they settled in a good apartment on the second floor of a spacious house. In 1898, young Adolf graduated from school with twelve "units" - the highest mark in German schools. In 1899, Hitler's father bought a cozy house in Leonding, a village on the outskirts of Linz.

Adolf Hitler in 1889-1890

After the flight of Alois Jr., his father began to drill Adolf. He also thought about running away from the family. Already at the age of eleven, Adolphe strove for leadership. In a photograph from that year, he sits among his classmates, towering over his comrades, with his chin up and his arms folded across his chest. Adolf showed a talent for drawing. The young Fuhrer was very fond of war games and Indians, he read books about the Franco-Prussian war.

Adolf Hitler with classmates (1900)

In 1900, Adolf Hitler's brother, Edmund, died of measles. Adolf dreamed of becoming an artist, but in 1900 his parents sent him to the Linz real school. The big city made a strong impression on the boy. He did not study particularly well, especially in natural science subjects. Among classmates, Adolf Hitler became the leader. “Two extremes of character merged in him, the combination of which is extremely rare for people - he was a calm fanatic,” one of his fellow students later recalled.

On January 3, 1903, the head of the Hitler family, Alois, died of a stroke in a pub. His widow began to receive a good pension. Family tyranny is now a thing of the past. Adolf studied worse and dreamed of becoming a great artist. His older half-sister Angela married Leo Raubal, a tax inspector from Linz. “He lacked self-discipline, he was wayward, arrogant and quick-tempered ... He reacted very painfully to advice and comments, while at the same time demanding from his classmates unquestioning obedience to him as a leader,” one of his Linz students recalled about the then Adolf Hitler teachers. The Hitler boy was very fond of history, especially stories about the ancient Germans. The last, fifth grade, Adolf was already finishing at a real school in Steyr, forty kilometers from Linz. Final exams in mathematics and German he passed only on the second attempt (1905). Now he could continue his studies at a higher real school or technical institute, but, having an aversion to the technical sciences, he convinced his mother of the uselessness of this. At the same time, Adolf referred to a pulmonary disease, which then appeared in him.

He continued to live in Linz, read a lot, painted, went to museums and the opera house. In the autumn of 1905, Hitler became friends with August Kubitschek, who was studying to be a musician. They got very close. Kubizek bowed before his comrade, who often orated in his presence. Hitler told Kubizek about his sublimely romantic love for a certain Stefanie Jansten, a beauty of the "Nordic type", to whom he did not dare to confess his feelings. On this occasion, Hitler was even going to jump from a bridge into the Danube. He spoke to Kubizek about his plans to rebuild the whole of Vienna (planning, among other things, to erect a 100-meter steel tower there). In the spring of 1906, Adolf spent a month in Vienna, and the trip there strengthened his intention to devote his life to painting and architecture.

Hitler's mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. In January 1907 she had one of her breasts removed. In September 1907, Hitler, having received his share of the inheritance, about 700 crowns, with the consent of his mother, who constantly spoiled him, went to Vienna to enter the Academy of Arts. But he failed the exam. In October 1907, the Jewish doctor Bloch, who was treating Clara Hitler, informed Adolf that she was in a very bad condition. Adolf returned home from Vienna and selflessly looked after his mother, sparing no money for her treatment. On December 21, Clara died, and her son mourned her fervently. “In all my practice,” Dr. Bloch later recalled, “I have never seen a more inconsolable person than Adolf Hitler.”

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