Using deren dessen in a German sentence. Declension of pronouns

Which indicate certain objects, signs, and so on. IN German they're called Demonstrativpronomen.

Demonstrative pronouns include the following pronouns: der, das, die, dieser, diesels, diese, jener, jenes, jene, derjenige, dasjenige, diejenige, solcher, solches, solche, derselbe, dasselbe, dieselbe.

Pay attention to the declension of demonstrative pronouns by case. In principle, it is similar to the declension of other pronouns, such as personal pronouns. For convenience, we have summarized the declension of all demonstrative pronouns in German into one table:

	Nominative (Nominative)	Accusative (Akkusativ)	Dative (Dativ)	Genitive (Genitiv)
Masculine (Masculinum)	der	den	dem	des
	dieser	diesen	diesem	diesels
	jener	jenen	jenem	jenes
	derjenige	denjenigen	demjenigen	desjenigen
	solcher	solchen	solchem	solches
	derselbe	denselben	demselben	desselben
Neuter (Neutrum)	das	das	dem	des
	diesels	diesels	diesem	diesels
	jenes	jenes	jenem	jenes
	dasjenige	dasjenige	demjenigen	desjenigen
	solches	solches	solchem	solches
	dasselbe	dasselbe	demselben	desselben
Feminine	die	die	der	der
	diese	diese	dieser	dieser
	jene	jene	jener	jener
	diejenige	diejenige	derjenigen	derjenigen
	solche	solche	solcher	solcher
	dieselbe	dieselbe	derselben	derselben

In addition, it is very important to understand the difference in the use of demonstrative pronouns dieser, diesels, diese And jener, jenes, jene. The first are used when indicating objects that are in close proximity, while the second group of pronouns is applicable to objects located at a significant distance. Moreover, we are talking not only about distance; these pronouns can be used to indicate temporary proximity or distance.

Dieses Auto gehört mir, jenes meinem Nachbarn. – This car belongs to me, and that one belongs to my neighbor.

In the context of this sentence, under the word jenes (That) means a car most likely parked at a short distance.

Particular attention should be paid to the use of demonstrative pronouns solcher, solches, solche. As mentioned above, almost all demonstrative pronouns point to some object, creature, and so on. Demonstrative pronouns solcher, solches And solche are the exception to the rule. These pronouns indicate attributes or properties of objects, and not the objects themselves.

Eine solche Note war für mich unerwartet. – This assessment was unexpected for me.

In addition, the shortened form of the demonstrative pronoun is often used solcher – solch. This abbreviated pronoun is associated directly with the adjective rather than with the noun, and thereby emphasizes and strengthens it.

Solch ein teures Auto würde ich mir nicht kaufen. – I wouldn’t buy such an expensive car.
Wir haben solch einen breiten Fluss noch nicht gesehen. “We have never seen such a wide river before.”

As you can see in both examples the pronoun solch enhances the meaning of adjectives " Expensive" And " wide».

A few words should also be mentioned about the use of demonstrative pronouns derjenige, dasjenige, diejenige. Most often they are used in complex sentences, being in the main sentence, they are closely related in meaning to the subordinate sentence.

Ich war derjenige, der die beste Diplomarbeit gemacht hat. – I was the one who wrote the best thesis.

And finally, some of the most frequently used demonstrative pronouns: der, das, die. These demonstrative pronouns are used to elevate or emphasize a particular object or feature. They can be distinguished from identical personal pronouns primarily by the intonation of pronunciation and the stress in the sentence.

Das Auto ist einfach toll! – Das Auto ist einfach toll! (This car is just wonderful - This car is just wonderful)

As can be seen when placing emphasis on demonstrative pronoun We emphasize which car we are talking about. If we put emphasis on the attribute of a car, we emphasize the attribute of the car, and not a specific car. However, we must admit that it is quite difficult to determine this difference in intonation and stress, and it is almost impossible for a beginner who has just started learning German.

In German (as well as in some other languages), nouns are usually preceded by an article - a special function word. The article determines the number, gender, and case of a noun.

There are 2 types of articles: 1) definite, 2) indefinite. Remember the definite article:

Singular, nominative case
der– masculine
die- feminine
das- neuter gender
die(unit, h., f. r.) and das(singular, cf. p.) also denote the accusative case.

For example:

der Arzt doctor
die Tante aunt
das Fenster window

Remember! In German, all nouns are written with a capital letter. With an article, a noun is pronounced together as one word. The emphasis on the article never falls. The article is not translated into Russian.

In the articles masculine and female the vowel is semi-long: der, die, and in the neuter article the vowel is short: das.

Now let’s read the nouns you know from the article.

der ‘Arzt doctor
der 'Mann man
der ‘Bruder brother
die 'Schwester sister
die ‘Vase vase
die 'Tante aunt
das 'Fenster window
das 'Kind child
das 'Zimmer room

From the examples, it becomes obvious that the gender of nouns in Russian and German sometimes does not coincide, and therefore you should remember the noun along with the article, for example: das Kind (cf. gender) child(m. genus), das Zimmer (m. genus) room(female gender), etc.

Articles can be replaced by demonstrative pronouns. They have endings like the article, they also indicate the gender, number, and case of the noun: dieser this(m. genus), diese this(female gender), diesels This(cf. gender), jener That(m. genus), jene that(female gender), jenes That(cf. gender).

The demonstrative pronoun and the noun are pronounced together. As a rule, the noun is stressed.

1. Read the nouns with demonstrative pronouns.

dieser 'Mann diese 'Mutter dieses 'Kind
dieser ‘Arzt diese ‘Vase dieses ‘Fenster

2. Replace the definite article in these sentences with a demonstrative pronoun. Read the sentences out loud. Make sure to use the correct accent.

1. Das ‘Kind’ friert immer. 2. Der ‘Arzt ‘sitzt unten. 3. Die ‘Mutter und der ‘Vater ‘warten unten. 4. Der ‘Tisch ‘steht nah. 5. Die ‘Vase ‘steht da.

3. Rewrite the sentences and put the correct verb endings. Read the sentences out loud.

1. Dieses Kind frag... immer. 2. Wir frier… sehr. 3. Der Bruder wart… unten. 4. Die Tante geh… . 5. Peter and Anna geh… zusammen. 6. Der Vater und die Mutter sitz… zusammen. 7. Dieser Tisch und diese Vase steh… da.

4. Check if you know the gender of these nouns. Write them with the definite article and then with the demonstrative pronoun.

Fenster, Arzt, Mutter, Kind, Mann, Tisch, Vater, Zimmer, Bruder

5. Translate into German.

1. The table is close. 2. Father is waiting. 3. He is standing below. 4. Brother loves to study. 5. They always walk together, 6. Mother and aunt sit and wait. 7. This man dances very well.

6. Read the following combinations, remember the rules for reading the phrase: demonstrative pronoun + noun.

jener ‘Arzt, jener ‘Bruder, jener ‘Mann, jener ‘Tisch
jene 'Mutter, jene 'Tante, jene 'Vase
jenes 'Kind, jenes 'Fenster, jenes 'Zimmer

7. Translate into German.

1. This man and this child. That man and that child. 2. This room and this window. That room and that window. 3. This table and this vase. That table and that vase.

Keys

3. 1. fragt 2. frieren 3. warten 4. geht 5. gehen 6. sitzen 7. stehen

4. das Fenster - dieses Fenster, der Arzt - dieser Arzt, die Mutter - diese Mutter, das Kind - dieses Kind, der Mann - dieser Mann, der Tisch - dieser Tisch, der Vater - dieser Vater, das Zimmer - dieses Zimmer, der Bruder - dieser Bruder

5. 1. Der Tisch steht nah. 2. Der Vater wartet. 3. Er steht unten. 4. Der Bruder studiert germ. 5. Sie gehen immer zusammen. 6. Die Mutter und die Tante sitzen und warten. 7. Dieser Mann tanzt sehr gut.

Demonstrative pronouns in German replace the definite article and specify the object expressed by the noun with which they are used. As a rule, demonstrative pronouns occupy a place in German before the noun and act as its definition, as a result of which there is agreement with the noun in number, case and gender. In cases where demonstrative pronouns act as a noun and completely replace it (the noun is omitted), they take on the role of an object or subject in the sentence, depending on what function the noun they replace performs. Almost all demonstrative pronouns change grammatical forms by cases. The exception is the pronoun selbst /selber (himself), the form of which is unchanged for all genders, numbers and cases. The peculiarity of this pronoun is also that when placed in front of a noun, it turns from a pronoun into an adverb with the meaning “even”.

Dieses schöne Bild hat sie selbst gemalt. - This beautiful picture she drew it herself..

JedesKindmussseineHausaufgabenselbst machen – Every child should do his own homework.

Selbst mein Onkel nimmt an unseren Spielen teil. - EvenmyuncleacceptsparticipationVourgames.

On this topic demonstrative pronouns in German We also recommend watching the lessons : And .

The most common demonstrative pronouns in German are dieser (this) / diese / diese;, solcher (such) / solche / solches; jener (that)/jene/jenes. These pronouns are declined in the same way as the definite article. Pronoun solcher very often used with the indefinite article ein, while both parts are inflected differently: ein is like an indefinite article, and solcher is like an adjective paired with an indefinite article. Pronouns der (this) /die /das are declined in the same way as the definite article, with the exception of the genitive case Genitiv - in which they take the following form: der -dessen /die -dieser /das -dessen. Plural pronoun die differs in declension from the corresponding definite article in two forms: Genitiv - dererderen and Dativ - denen.

Diese GeschichtehatdertakehmteSchriftstellerwährendseinesAufenthaltesinIndianGeschrieben. – The famous writer wrote this story during his stay in India.

Solche Aufgaben werdet ihr am Ende jeder Woche bekommen. – You will receive such tasks at the end of each week.

Jener Artikel ist dir besser gelungen. - Thatarticleyouwas a successbetter.

Diesen Jungen habe ich sofort erkannt: wir haben den in der Kaufhalle gesehen. - ThisboyIfound outstraightaway- WesawhisVsupermarket.

DasMädchen,dessen Geschichtesotraurigwarkammirbekanntvor. – The girl whose story was so sad seemed familiar to me.

DieSchüler,deren Aufsätzeichbereitsgelesenhabe,habensehrinteressanteGedankenzumAusdruckgebracht. – The students whose essays I have already read expressed very interesting thoughts.

Meine Freundin hat eine wundershöne Jacke gekauft. Ich möchte auch eine solche zum Geburtstag bekommen. - MygirlfriendboughtVerybeautifuljacket. I want to get one like this for my birthday.

Among demonstrative pronouns there are complex ones, consisting of two stems - these are pronouns derjenige (that) /diejenige /dasjenige/diejenigen (plural). The peculiarity of these pronouns is their use in the sentence preceding the subordinate relative clause, and its function is to indicate the subject that will be discussed in this subordinate clause. In these pronouns, during declension, both of its constituent parts change: the first - like a definite article, and the second - according to the weak type of declension of adjectives.

Diejenigen , die mit der Aufgabe fertig sind, dürfen nach Hause gehen. - Those, Whowill fulfillexercise, cangohome.

DiesesBuchwilddemjenigen Schüler überreicht;derheutediebesteGeschichte überseineSchulferienerzählt. – This book will be presented today to the student who presents the most best story about school holidays.

Meaning pronouns in German very large. Often they can replace a noun, adjective, numeral, article. In a sentence, a pronoun can act as the subject. Using pronouns, interrogative or impersonal sentences and negations are made. This topic is quite extensive and requires in-depth study. Master pronouns in German The table will help.

Personal pronouns in German

Personalpronomen

_________
* Sie - polite form of you

Declension of personal pronouns

Nominativ/ Im. P.	Dativ/Dat. P.	Akkusativ/ Vin.p.
	Singular - units
	Plural - plural
sie, Sie - they, you	ihnen, Ihnen - to them, to you	sie, Sie - them, you

For example:

Ich warte auf dich. I'm waiting for you.
Ich (I) - nominative case.
Dich (you) is the accusative case of the pronoun du (you).

Ihm gefällt Deutschland.He likes Germany.
Ihm (to him) is the dative case of the pronoun er (he).

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronoun in German- this is nothing more than Genitive(Genetiv) personal pronouns. It is formed as follows:

For example:

Ich liebe deine Schwester. I love your sister.
Ich is a personal pronoun.
Deine is a possessive pronoun.

Indefinite pronouns in German

TO indefinite pronouns include pronouns such as: jemand, etwas, einer, mancher, alles, irgendein and others. This group can also include the indefinite personal pronoun man. In a sentence, they act as the subject or object (all except man, which is only the subject).

For example:

Alles ist in Ordnung. Everything is fine.
Sie muss etwasändern. She must change something.
Man kann dieses Fahrrad reparieren. This bike can be fixed.

Relative pronouns in German

Performing a function union word, relative pronouns are used in complex sentences.

Das ist die Frau, deren Auto vor dem Haus steht. This is the woman whose car is parked in front of the house. This is a woman whose car is parked in front of the house.

Relative pronouns include: wer, was, welcher, der. The pronouns der, das, die are formed as follows:

DER (m.r.)	Gen. DES+EN
DIE (female)	Gen. DER+EN
DAS (average)	Gen. DES+EN
DIE (plural)	Gen. DER+EN
DIE (plural)	Dat. DEN+EN

Demonstrative pronouns in German

In a German sentence, demonstrative pronouns most often act as a determiner, however, in some cases they can take on the role of subject or object. The majority of demonstrative pronouns are inflected in the same way as the definite article.

	Nominativ/ Name			Akkusativ/ V.p.

Demonstrative pronouns in German include:
Dieser(this), der(That), jener(That), solcher(such), derselbe(the same), selbst(himself), etc.

For example:

Dieses Buch mast mir spaß. This book gives me pleasure.
Dieses (this) - demonstrative pronoun, s.r., im.p.
Mir (to me) - personal pronoun, date pad. from ich.

The topic “Pronouns in German” is very extensive. In this article we looked at only some of the most basic types of pronouns and ways of their declension.

Demonstrative pronouns in German usually indicate objects or their qualities. They are used, as a rule, with nouns and replace the definite article, performing all its functions, that is, they express the gender, number and case of a given noun.

Demonstrative pronouns in German include:
• dieser, dieses, diese; diese (this, this, this; these);
• jener, jenes, jene; jene (that, that, that; those);
• solcher, solches, solche; solche (such, such, such; such);
• derselbe, dasselbe, dieselbe; dieselben (the same, the same, the same; the same);
• derjenige, dasjenige, diejenige; diejenigen (that, that, that; those);
• der, das, die; die (that, that (this), that; those);
• es (this, this);
• selbst (himself, herself, herself, themselves).

If a noun is used with a demonstrative pronoun dieser (-es, -е; -е), jener (-es, -е; -е), derselbe (dasselbe, dieselbe; dieselben), derjenige (dasjenige, diejenige; diejenigen), then the article is omitted.

Pronouns dieser (-es, -e; -e), jener (-es, -e; -e) inflected like the definite article.

Declension of the pronouns dieser (-es, -е) and jener (-es, -е)
in German

In Nominativ and Akkusativ, the neuter form dies is possible. It can be replaced by the demonstrative pronoun das or es:

Pronoun der (das, die) can be used instead of a noun to avoid its repeated use.

The demonstrative pronoun der (das, die), unlike the article, is pronounced with emphasis. The case forms of the demonstrative pronoun in Genitiv and Dativ differ from the case forms of the article.

Declension of the demonstrative pronoun der (das, die)
in German

If the demonstrative pronoun der (das, die) is used as a correlate (linking word) in the main sentence, then it is translated into Russian by the pronoun “that (that, that, those)”.

Pronoun solcher (-es, -е) in German it is usually used in the singular with the indefinite article: ein solcher, ein solches, eine solche or solch ein, solch eine, in plural- without article.

After an indefinite article in the singular and without an article in the plural, the pronoun solcher (-es, -е) is declined as an adjective.

Declension of the pronoun solcher (-es, -е) in German

Case	Singular			Plural
Nominative	ein solcher Baum	ein solches Haus	eine solche Stadt	solche Baume, Hauser, Städte
Genitiv	eines solchen Baumes	eines solchen Houses	einer solchen Stadt	solcher Bäume, Hauser, Städte
Dativ	einem solchen Baum	einem solchen Haus	einer solchen Stadt	solchen Bäumen, Hausern, Städten
Akkusativ	einen solchen Baum	ein solches Haus	eine solche Stadt	solche Baume, Hauser, Städte

The demonstrative pronoun solch before the indefinite article has a short, unchangeable form:

The pronoun solcher (-es, -е) in German can replace a noun:

In complex demonstrative pronouns, both parts are declined, with the first part being declined as a definite article, and the second part as an adjective after the definite article:

Case	Singular			Plural (for all three genders)
	Husband. R.	Women p.	Cp. p.
Nominative	derjenige	diejenige	dasjenige	diejenigen
	derselbe	dieselbe	dasselbe	dieselben
Genitiv	desjenigen	derjenigen	desjenigen	derjenigen
	desselben	derselben	desselben	derselben
Dativ	demjenigen	derjenigen	demjenigen	denjenigen
	demselben	derselben	demselben	denselben
Akkusativ	denjenigen	diejenige	dasjenige	diejenigen
	day selben	dieselbe	dasselbe	dieselben

Demonstrative pronoun es(it) in German should not be confused with personal. The personal pronoun es replaces a neuter noun and can be used in any case. And the demonstrative pronoun es is used only in Nominativ and Akkusativ:

The pronoun selbst should not be confused with the adverb selbst. The adverb selbst comes before the word being explained; it corresponds to the Russian adverb “even”.