Proper installation of parquet. How to lay parquet - important aspects

One of the most attractive types of flooring is parquet. It allows you to create a surprisingly cozy atmosphere in the house, warm enough and with it you can create an original pattern on the floor. That is why many during the repair decide to opt for it. But not everyone knows how to lay parquet. Consider how this procedure takes place, what are the subtleties of installing such a coating.

Parquet - the coating is not only beautiful, but also durable, environmentally friendly. It is made from natural wood, which is why its cost is quite high. However, the material allows you to keep warm in the house, is hypoallergenic, has a service life of 25 years or more, and provides excellent sound insulation.

On a note! The main disadvantage of the material is the exactingness of care. He does not like water, and therefore it is not recommended to wash him often. Also, periodically the coating has to be rubbed with special compounds so that it shines and looks like new.

Parquet can be of different types, and everyone can choose the most suitable option for themselves. The material is piece, mosaic, shield, massive, palace. There is also a separate type of parquet called. All types of material differ in size, ways of laying and working with them. Some are easier to put, some are more difficult, but in any case, the material does not lose its main advantages listed above.

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Ways of laying parquet

The most common types of parquet are traditional piece, panel, and parquet boards. Depending on the type of material and type of base, the optimal installation option is selected. Three main ones can be distinguished.

Table. The main options for laying the coating.

The most popular method of installing parquet flooring is adhesive. It is distinguished by reliability, which attracts masters. The choice of adhesive will depend on which parquet is being laid. There are the following main types of adhesive compositions.

Important! It is important to work with polyurethane-based glue very carefully. If such a composition gets on the front side of the material, it can ruin the coating.

Glue is always applied with a special spatula with teeth. It is due to them that it is possible to apply the composition with a layer of the desired thickness and evenly. Sometimes, for additional fixation, parquet staples can be used, which are hammered at an angle of 45 degrees to the floor surface using an air gun.

Ordinary piece parquet can be laid in various patterns.

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How to lay parquet correctly? Important Aspects

Laying parquet has certain nuances - although the process is simple, it still requires a responsible and correct approach. If you do not comply with special requirements, then the base will quickly collapse or lose its appearance.

1. The air temperature in the room where the work is carried out should be within + 18-23 degrees.
2. Humidity should be no more than 45-60%.
3. Parquet must be kept in the room where it will be installed for 7-10 days before starting work. This will allow the material to "get used" to future operating conditions.
4. There should be nothing superfluous in the room during work.
5. The base for laying parquet must be carefully prepared - leveled and cleaned of debris.
6. It is not necessary to mount parquet on an old, swollen and damaged coating.

Subject to all installation conditions, as well as proper care of the parquet, the coating can serve without any complaints for 60-80 years.

Base for parquet

Particular attention during preparation for the installation of parquet should be given to the rough base. It should be perfectly even and clean, it should not have roughness and bumps, otherwise the parquet will not lie down as required, and will last very little time. To begin with, the old floor covering, if any, is removed. Logs and subfloors are important to inspect for damage, rot. If they are unsuitable for laying parquet, they will have to be removed and replaced with new ones. At the same time, the logs can be closed both with wooden boards and immediately with plywood. In general, the cake of such a floor has several layers - this is the concrete floor itself, logs, moisture-resistant plywood, adhesive composition and the parquet itself.

Logs should have a thickness of 5-10 cm, before installation they are covered with protective compounds that prevent rotting and destruction of the tree. Boards or sheets of plywood are already attached to them. The space between the lags is easiest to fill with some kind of insulation - it will make the floors warmer, which is especially important for those rooms that are located above the basement. For installation of the subfloor, do not use plywood thinner than 12 mm. During installation, it should be borne in mind that between its individual sheets there should be small gaps, about 1 mm wide. Slightly larger in width - about 1.5 mm - compensation slots are left along the walls.

Do not forget about waterproofing. It will protect both the log and the rough base, as well as the parquet itself from excess moisture, which negatively affects the materials from which they are made. The easiest way is to use plastic wrap.

Parquet can be laid not only on plywood, but also on. But it must be perfectly smooth and reliable. If necessary, self-leveling compounds will help to level it. Also, such a base must be necessarily primed so that adhesion is maximum. Then the adhesive composition will stick to it best.

On a note! You can level the concrete base and plywood sheets. Fastening is made on dowels.

If a new concrete screed was poured, then further work can be carried out only after it has completely dried. The drying time of the screed is about 28 days. In this case, it is impossible to speed up the process using heating devices - in this case, the screed may begin to collapse. Parquet installation should not be carried out on a damp base. It is quite simple to check this indicator in relation to the screed - a piece of polyethylene measuring 1x1 m is placed on it, left for a day. Then the film is lifted, its condition is assessed from the inside. If it is dry, then it is possible to lay parquet, if condensation has accumulated on it, then the subfloor needs to be dried.

It is recommended to cover the concrete floor with an underlay before laying the parquet, if it is a question of laying the floor with a floating method, and also with glue. It will provide the most comfortable operation of the floors, as it smooths out minor irregularities in the base, increases thermal insulation performance, helps to distribute the load on the parquet correctly and additionally protects it from moisture.

Tools and materials

Hardwood flooring jobs may require certain tools and a range of materials. The list is indicative, as the need to use some of them will depend on the method by which the parquet is laid. May be useful:

• jigsaw or saw;
• grinders;
• drill, dowels and screws;
• hammer;
• measuring instruments and pencil;
• notched spatula;
• brushes and primer;
• moisture insulating material;
• adhesive composition;
• nails, parquet staples;

It is necessary to pay special attention to the acquisition of the parquet itself - the service life will directly depend on its quality. Do not buy low quality material, cheap, damaged. Also, the parquet must be chosen in such a color that it fits the general style of the room where the renovation is being carried out.

On a note! Oak parquet is the most durable and reliable, as well as durable, but it is quite expensive. Maple, beech material is cheaper, but not much inferior in quality to oak.

The process of laying parquet

The process of laying parquet flooring is not as complicated as it seems - it just needs to be done carefully and accurately, and then everything will work out. You should not choose a complex pattern if the master is not confident in his abilities - it is better to lay the parquet using the most common methods - for example, linear. But you can try to bring to life other variants of patterns or buy a panel parquet.

Step 1. The surface of the rough base, which in this case is a concrete screed, is carefully polished - it is required to level it to perfect condition. The easiest and fastest way to do this is with a grinder.

Step 2 The resulting dust and other debris is collected with a vacuum cleaner. Corners and places near the walls are especially carefully processed.

Step 3 A layer of epoxy primer is applied to the screed. Work is easiest to do with a roller on a long handle. The primer is applied so that there are no unsmeared areas on the floor.

Step 4 An insulating substrate is placed on the base. It is glued to the adhesive, which is applied to the prepared base with a notched trowel.

Step 5 The sheets of the substrate are laid joint to joint, smoothed by hand.

Step 6 The substrate is then rolled with a heavy roller. This procedure will ensure the most reliable connection with the concrete screed.

Step 7 After that, the laying of the mosaic parquet begins. The first rows of elements are placed at a small distance from the walls - a few millimeters are enough. These will be compensation gaps, which will subsequently be closed with a plinth. Parquet adhesive is applied to the substrate using a notched trowel. It is applied in small areas, sufficient for gluing several elements.

Step 8 The parquet elements are laid on the adhesive layer at the joint with the previously laid ones.

Step 9 Each element of the parquet is carefully pressed against the base.

Step 10 When the parquet is laid and the adhesive layer has dried well, the surface of the coating is polished with a special grinder. Along the walls, the material is processed with an angle grinder.

Step 11 Mosaic parquet blocks are puttied. Using a wide spatula, a special composition is applied to the surface of the material and evenly distributed over the base.

Step 12 After drying of this layer, the surface is polished with a surface grinder for parquet.

Step 14 The final stage is polishing the parquet.

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Video - Laying strip parquet

This is how parquet floors are laid. If everything is done in accordance with the requirements presented above, then anyone can cope with the task. However, in order for the parquet to look beautiful for as long as possible, it is important to properly care for it.

The parquet floor in the house emphasizes the status and excellent taste. It is characterized by such qualities as high reliability, environmental safety, wear resistance and excellent appearance. Laying parquet is quite difficult, but after the appearance of massive parquet boards in construction stores, such work has become much easier.

Since it is not difficult to lay a parquet board, you can do everything yourself. You only need the ability to work with the tool and adhere to some rules and recommendations. In the article, we will consider how to properly lay a parquet board so that it is pleasant to walk on it and look at it.

Types of parquet board

There are two types of parquet board:

1. massive;
2. multilayer.

These types differ in the way they are made.

For the production of a massive parquet board, a single piece of wood is taken. Softwood and hardwood can be used. Such a board has a groove and a comb on the sides.

Multilayer parquet board is made from different types of wood, which have their own properties. Due to this, the board is obtained with high performance. The first layer consists of solid and valuable types of wood.

The first layer directly affects the strength of the material, as well as how the parquet floor will look. The second layer is based on softwoods, which are located across the first. This layer acts as a connector for the panel itself and for adjacent panels. The next layer is plywood or pine or spruce planks, up to 4 mm thick.

At the manufacturing stage, the parquet board is treated with various compounds from fungi and decay. The service life and strength of any type of parquet board depends on the observance of the manufacturing technology, storage and installation.

Mounting Features

To obtain a reliable and beautiful parquet floor, preparatory work should be carried out and the rules for laying the parquet board should be observed.

The following aspects must be taken into account:

• The surface on which the parquet board will be laid must be flat, solid and durable. It is allowed to change the floor level up to 2 mm per 1 running meter. In case of damage to the surface, it must be patched up or a new base made.
• Humidity level in the room. High humidity can harm parquet, so it should not be laid in areas such as bathrooms, toilets, kitchens.
• Before installation, the parquet board should be aged in the room for two days. This is necessary in order for her to acclimatize.
• In order for the floor to actually be durable and serve for many years, a certain temperature and humidity regime should be observed in the room during installation: the humidity level should be 35-65%, and the thermometer should be above 18 ° C.
• Under the parquet board, a substrate and a waterproofing layer must be present without fail.
• And how to properly lay the parquet board to hide the shadows at the joints? To do this, it fits in the direction of the light rays.

Foundation preparation

Concrete and wood can serve as the basis for a parquet board. The base must be strong, reliable and even. Therefore, before proceeding with laying, you should carefully inspect the surface and, if necessary, repair it.

If a parquet board is being laid on a wooden floor, then it should be inspected and the presence of dips, squeaks, changes in height between the floorboards should be identified. If the floor is good, but there are slight differences and gaps between the boards, then it should be leveled, that is, the floor is cycled and puttied.

Then it must be sanded. Creaking and slightly dangling floorboards are fixed to the joists by means of self-tapping screws, and the surface is cycled and puttied. The collapsing wooden floor is dismantled, leveled, and, if necessary, some elements of the floor are replaced. Then the whole structure is reassembled.

If concrete is used as the base, then it should be examined for cracks, drops or small pits. If they are found, remove all debris from the surface, pour a self-leveling mixture and leave for several days until completely dry.

But if the concrete has become unusable (cracked, turned into dust and staggers in some places), then the old screed is dismantled and a new one is poured. When the concrete dries, you can lay the parquet board.

Installation of parquet board

There are two installation methods:

1. Adhesive- used in large rooms. This method allows you to get a durable and reliable coating. This method is time-consuming, requires concentration and precise execution of all actions. In addition, if you suddenly need to replace one bar, you will have to spend quite a lot of time on it, and it is quite possible that neighboring bars will also need to be replaced.
2. Beskleeva or as it is also called floating - this is an easier and faster method. The panels are connected to each other using a locking system and placed on the substrate. Locks are glued in some cases.

You must adhere to the following sequence of actions:

• A waterproofing polyethylene film is laid on the base (concrete or wood). The edges of the canvases should overlap each other by 15-20 cm. The film should also be on the walls by about 10-15 cm. Scotch tape is glued to all joints, including to the wall.
• The next layer is the substrate. Polyethylene foam, polystyrene or cork is taken. The polyethylene foam and cork underlay is produced in rolls, while polystyrene is produced in slabs. Rolled material is spread over the entire length of the room. The joints of the canvases are glued with adhesive tape. Polystyrene plates are placed close to each other and "out of order", tape is glued to the joints. If you plan to create a natural floor, then it is better to use cork.

In the case of installation of a parquet board with an adhesive method, moisture-resistant plywood should serve as a substrate. It is laid on the base and fixed with screws. Laying is carried out from the walls to the middle of the room so that the last row is located between the two already laid.

• Next, the number of rows of parquet boards is calculated. If it turns out that the last row is about 5 cm, then you need to make sure that the initial and final rows are the same in width.
• Planks of the first row should be turned to the wall with the side on which the spike is located.. It needs to be cut down, this is necessary for a better fit.
• Depending on the time of year and humidity, the wooden coating either increases in size or dries out.. Therefore, there should be a gap of about 10-15 cm between the wall and the plank. Wedges are inserted to form a gap and maintain it. 3 wedges are installed on the long side, and 2 on the narrow side.
• Planks of the first row are fastened to each other using a locking system.. To do this, it is necessary to insert each subsequent panel at a small angle with a spike into the groove of the previous one and then knock it out with a hammer through a wooden block for a tight fit.

With the adhesive method, it is necessary to apply glue to the place where the panel will be installed and level it with a notched trowel. For better fixation, pneumatic nails are used, which are hammered inside the groove. The joints of the panels must be smooth without the formation of ledges or bevels.

• To obtain a reliable and durable floor, laying should be carried out "in a row". For this reason, the second row must be started with a shortened board. To do this, a third part is sawn off from the board and most of the plank is used in the installation.
• The panels of the second row are fastened in the same way as the first. Then this row should be connected with the first. To do this, the panels of the second row are inserted at an angle into the groove of the previous row. Then, for a better fit, each panel should be knocked out in turn with a hammer through the bar.

In all rows, the edge panel should be knocked out using a clamp. If the laying is done with glue, then the second row is laid in typesetting. This is done as follows: the place of laying is glued and the panel is immediately placed, which should be finished off with a hammer.

• The third row should start with 1/3 of the panel. Further installation of a parquet board is carried out similarly to the previous rows.
• A whole panel is installed at the beginning of the fourth row. When laying the next rows, repeat the above sequence of actions.
• When the parquet board is installed near the doors, cutouts should be made in the panel, which would allow her to move tightly against the racks of the door frame.
• The places where the heating pipes pass require special attention.. First, marking the location of the pipes is done on the parquet board. Then you should make a hole 2 mm larger than the diameter of the pipe. The panel should be cut exactly in the middle of the hole. Further, most of the panel is laid near the pipe and fixed. The ends of the second part of the panel are smeared with glue, then this part is put in place. In order to close the gap near the pipe, a special plug is used to match the parquet.
• After the laying of the parquet board, the spacer pegs are removed. located between the wall and the panels of the first row.
• Laying the parquet board ends with the installation of skirting boards. The plinth is attached to the kleimer. In order to install the baseboard, you first need to cut off the peeking part of the waterproofing material and the substrate with a knife. 15-20 cm retreat from the corners, and the first clamps are fixed, the following fasteners are installed from each other at a distance of 40-50 cm. Using dowels and self-tapping screws, the clamps are fixed to the wall.

Laying parquet boards on underfloor heating

The parquet board itself has fairly good thermal insulation characteristics, in addition, the substrate acts as a heat insulator. If it is necessary to organize auxiliary heating, you can lay the parquet board on a water-heated floor.

Electric in this case will not work. This is due to the fact that the elements of this type of underfloor heating quickly enough heat up to a high temperature, as a result, the lock joint cracks due to a sharp change in temperature.

Before laying the parquet board, you need to turn off the heating system in advance and wait for it to cool down to room temperature, and only then you can install the floor covering. After completion of all work, the floor heating system can only be turned on after a week.

In this case, the temperature should be raised to the previous values ​​gradually. Every day at 2-3 ° C and no more. In order for a parquet floor to remain as even as it was immediately after installation, the entire surface of the floor must be at the same temperature.

If the installation of a "warm floor" is completed in all rooms, then the laying of the parquet board in each room must be completed in the doorways.

Conclusion

Ordinary parquet can be easily replaced with a parquet board. It allows you to create natural and eye-catching floors yourself, resulting in significant savings on the services of parquet laying specialists. This flooring is a natural material, so you need to be very careful when working and follow all the requirements, recommendations and rules for laying parquet, and as a result, you can get a reliable flooring that will last for many years.