When growing tomatoes on their site, almost all gardeners face various deviations in their growth. The first difficulty is how to determine what is with the tomato? Where to look?
The answer is simple - look at the leaves, or rather, first find out in which part the problem is - at the top of the bush (young leaves) or at the bottom of the bush (old leaves).
One of the reasons is the lack of elements in the nutrition of a tomato.
Below are examples of deviations that I found on the Internet and which I partially know myself.
Watch the video: Lack of nutrients in tomatoes and the causes of leaf curl
If the problem starts with the LOWER LEAVES (OLD):
Some elements move in the plant from older parts (lower) to young (upper) growing parts, so the deficiency will be noticeable on the lower, older leaves:
Most likely lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and magnesium
N Nitrogen One of the main elements of the formation of organic matter. Regulates the growth of the vegetative mass, determines the level of yield
Short: lower leaves turn yellow first + bluish-red veins + small leaves of the whole plant.
Deficiency symptoms: the plant turns yellow-green, without vigor. The roots are thin and weak.
With a lack of nitrogen, the tomato leaves are small, green-yellowish in color, and the veins on the underside of the leaf have a bluish-red tint. The stems can be of the same color, the fruits are small, woody. The critical period is the time of fruit formation. Lack of nitrogen during this period can lead to the formation of small fruits. If you decide to grow seedlings for sale, then a lack of nitrogen can lead to the loss of all profits - plants with yellow lower leaves will not be bought.
Too much nitrogen is just as bad as too little. With an excess of nitrogen in the soil, tomatoes develop a powerful vegetative mass - leaves and stems grow strongly, plants become "lazy", which leads to a decrease in fruit formation and a delay in fruit ripening and a decrease in plant resistance to diseases. If you do not get rid of excess nitrogen by strongly washing the soil with water, then dark yellow dying spots appear on the leaves between the nerves, the leaves twist, although the branching of the stems increases.
P Phosphorus- element of energy supply. It activates the growth of the root system and the laying of generative organs. It accelerates the development of all processes, increases cold resistance, increases resistance to mechanical damage and improves the preservation of fruits, increases resistance to root rot and other diseases. It is consumed by tomatoes 5 times less than nitrogen, however, it is extremely important for fruit formation and the development of the root system. Considering that the generative organs of the first brushes in tomatoes begin to form early, in the phase of the sixth or eighth true leaf, feeding tomatoes with easily soluble phosphate fertilizers is especially effective during the seedling growing period.
Appearance: dark leaves + turning the leaves inside + purple coloring of the veins of the leaves and stems.
Deficiency symptoms: The plant is dark blue-green in color with crimson underparts of the lower leaves. Stunted growth. A lack of phosphorus in a tomato causes the leaf lobes to curl inwards.
Violet color of leaves and stems.
There are two critical periods: at the beginning of the development of the root system and during the formation of flowers and ovaries.
Also, phosphorus may not be enough in cold weather - it is not absorbed.
In the future, if fertilizing with phosphate fertilizers is not carried out, the leaves along the main nerve curl outward downwards, and the leaf lobes curl inward, the fruits ripen poorly, acquire a bronze color, and the roots become covered with a rusty coating. With further phosphorus starvation, the plants remain dwarfed, young leaves are directed upwards at a smaller (acute) angle with respect to the stem.
K Potassium- Tomatoes are used in small quantities, and especially during the fruiting period of plants. The role of potassium is also important at the first stages of development of tomatoes for the formation of stems and ovaries, the active assimilation of carbon dioxide. Element of cell youth. Enhances the formation of sugars (carbohydrates) and their movement through tissues, increases resistance to disease, frost, drought. Makes the plant stronger, stronger, improves the quality of the fruit. Increases the growth of the root system, reduces the lodging of the tops due to the strengthening of the stem.
Deficiency symptoms: curly young sheets + marginal burn on old ones.
Chlorosis of the tips and borders of the leaves with the appearance of necrosis. Old leaves dry up and crumble. Uneven fruit ripening is characteristic of potassium deficiency. During potassium starvation, ammonia nitrogen accumulates in the leaves (starting from the lower ones), which makes it possible to dehydrate tissues, set leaves (even when growing tomatoes in hydroponics) until they die. With a slow outflow of carbohydrates, starch accumulates in the lower leaves, which is easily detected in the analysis. The leaves first acquire a dark green color, then yellowish-brown spots appear along the edges of the leaves, which can form a continuous marginal border of dead tissue. The dots also extend to the middle of the leaf, giving it a bronze tint. The dying edges of the leaves are wrapped. The growth of branches (stems) stops, they become woody. Plants are starting to dry out.
Spots appear on the fruits and they ripen unevenly
Zn Zinc- regulates protein, lipoid, carbohydrate, phosphorus metabolism and biosynthesis of vitamins and growth substances-auxins.
Short: spots are chaotic, gray-bronze of different sizes. The veins also fall into these spots, do not remain dark + very small chlorotic leaves.
Deficiency symptoms: Irregular chlorotic mottling is characteristic, which quickly develops into necrotic spots of various sizes. Initially, scattered spots of gray-brown and bronze color appear on the leaves of the lower and middle tiers, and then on all the leaves of the plant. Leaf blades usually become small and narrow.
With a lack of zinc in a tomato, abnormally small chlorotic leaves are formed, resembling the small-leaved fruit trees. The tissue of such areas, as it were, falls through and then dies. Young leaves are abnormally small and speckled with yellow or evenly chlorotic, slightly upright, leaf margins may curl upwards. In exceptional cases, the internodes of starving plants are short and the leaves are small and thick. Spots also appear on leaf stems and stems. The lack of zinc causes the death of tissue areas on the entire surface of the leaf, and not only on the top and along its edges. Often the lateral, and sometimes the main veins, undergo this process. Areas with dead tissue decay much faster than with a lack of potassium.
Mg Magnesium- increases the intensity of photosynthesis and the formation of chlorophyll. It is especially demanded by crops with a large removal of potassium.
Magnesium is needed throughout the harvest period, although deficiency symptoms appear during periods of high fruit loading when magnesium dosages are increased and consumption of this nutrient is very rapid.
Short: starting from the lower leaves, the veins are green next to them, and between them chlorosis + leaf tips are bent inward.
Deficiency symptoms: yellow chlorosis between the veins of old leaves, sometimes accompanied by necrosis. Usually the leaf borders remain green until the deficiency becomes more severe.
Magnesium is poor in sandy and sandy soddy-podzolic soils. With a lack of magnesium, a characteristic form of chlorosis is observed - at the edges of the leaf and between the veins, the green color changes to yellow, red, purple. In the future, spots of various colors appear between the veins due to the death of tissues. At the same time, large veins and adjacent areas of the leaf remain green. The tips of the leaves and edges are bent, as a result of which the leaves arch in a domed shape, the edges of the leaves wrinkle and gradually die off. Deficiency symptoms appear and spread from the lower leaves to the upper ones.
Mo Molybdenum regulates nitrogen, carbohydrate and phosphorus metabolism, synthesis of chlorophyll and vitamins, stimulates air nitrogen fixation.
Short: mottled chlorosis + veins remain untouched + leaves twist inward.
Deficiency symptoms: Not very common. The first and second pairs of real tomato leaves with a lack of molybdenum turn yellow, curl up with edges: chlorosis spreads between the veins to the entire leaf blade.
Newly developing leaves are initially green but become speckled as they grow. The areas of chlorotic tissue subsequently swell, the edges of the leaves twist inward; necrosis develops along the edges and on the tops of the leaves.
If the problem starts with the TOP LEAVES (young and growing point):
Symptoms of this group are characteristic of a lack of calcium, boron, sulfur, iron, copper and manganese. These elements are not able to move from one part of the plant to another. Therefore, if these elements are not in the soil, then young leaves do not receive them, as a result of which they fall ill and die.
Calcium- Stimulates plant growth and root development. Enhances metabolism and activates enzymes.
Short: starts at the end of young leaves as scorched, and old ones increase in size + top rot.
Deficiency symptoms: Young leaves are deformed at the ends. The surface of the leaf dries up starting at the tips and borders (blackening of the fruit shows a characteristic disorder called "blossom rot").
Calcium deficiency is most noticeable on young leaves, which become chlorotic (formation of light yellow spots); old ones, on the contrary, acquire a dark green color and increase in size.
With a slight lack of calcium in tomatoes, especially in unstable varieties, fruits appear with a gray or brown top - the so-called top rot. The brown spot often extends to half a tomato. Tomatoes with an elongated fruit shape, such as “lady fingers”, are prone to the appearance of such a symptom. With a more significant lack of calcium, other signs appear - the plant slows down growth, the tops die off, the leaves become irregular in shape, the edges may look scorched. By itself, a lack of calcium is unlikely - yet almost everyone pours lime, dolomite, ash. However, excessive doses of nitrogen fertilizers, including "natural" ones - manure, litter, etc., can interfere with the absorption of calcium.
B Bor regulates pollination and fertilization, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Increases disease resistance.
Short: apex curved down + its base begins to turn yellow + the main veins of these leaves are brown + easily break when bent + brown spots on the fruits.
Deficiency symptoms: In the case of a lack of boron, young apical leaves first lose their normal color at their curved base. The top may remain green for some time. Usually, the affected tissues quickly disintegrate, and if the growth of the leaf continues until its complete death, then the latter becomes twisted or twisted. The upper leaves are an unhealthy light green color and curl from the top to the base. The main veins of affected leaves turn brown or black and break easily when the leaf is bent.
With a lack of boron, the growth point of the tomato stem turns black, and new leaves begin to grow in the lower part, the petioles of young leaves become brittle. Brown spots of dead tissue form on the fruits. Too much boron can easily lead to toxicity.
With a slight lack of boron, tomatoes simply do not set fruits well. Boric top dressing is recommended to be used with abundant flowering, 1-2 times per season. With a slight lack of boron, tomatoes simply do not set fruits well. With a strong lack of boron, which is rare in real life, the growth point dies off.
S Sulfur is the building block for proteins. Participates in the metabolism and transport of substances, in the general processes of ionic equilibrium in plant cells. Included in the composition of proteins, being one of the initial products for the biosynthesis of amino acids.
Short: tissues do not die, but leaves turn yellow, bluish-red streaks (like nitrogen), but starts with upper leaves + thin stems.
Deficiency symptoms: thin stems. The lack of sulfur is manifested in the slowdown in the growth of stems in thickness, the stems become thin, brittle, lignified and hard.
The leaves of plants acquire a light green color, and later yellow, partly with a reddish tint. Unlike nitrogen deficiency (which first appears on older leaves), sulfur deficiency appears first on young leaves. The stems become thin, brittle, lignified and tough.
Fe Iron
Short: the upper leaves turn yellow, starting from the bases + veins in these places as well. You can see the yellowing top.
Deficiency symptoms: Young leaves become yellow-green, then the color becomes lemon-yellow and yellow-white with increased deficiency. Symptoms begin at the base of the leaves. Signs of iron deficiency: plant growth is delayed, the youngest leaves become chlorotic. In acute deficiency, the leaves turn white and only the leaf veins at the edges remain green. From old leaves to young iron does not move.
Iron deficiency is also called chlorosis. It is found in alkaline soils, in soils where too much lime has swelled.
It is treated quite simply. By applying a solution of ferrous sulfate (no more than 1% concentration) on the leaves, such chlorosis disappears in just a few hours.
In tomatoes, this type of chlorosis is more common in the early seedling period, when round-the-clock illumination of seedlings is often recommended. If such highlighting is not stopped, then without iron supplements, chlorosis will occur sooner or later (approximately 1-2 weeks).
Cl Chlorine
Deficiency symptoms: These leaves are irregularly shaped with pronounced intervenous chlorosis. Plants require a relatively high concentration of chloride in their tissues. Chloride is very abundant in soil, reaching its highest concentration in salt marshes, but it can be deficient in leached soils.
The most common signs of deficiency are chlorosis and wilting of young leaves. Chlorosis is formed on the intervenous parts of the leaf blades. With a stronger deficiency, the surfaces of mature leaves acquire a bronze color. Usually crops are chlorine tolerant, but some species such as avocados, stone fruits and grapes are sensitive to chlorine and show toxicity even at low chlorine levels in the soil.
The limiting content of chlorine in greenhouse soil for tomatoes is 0.02% on air-dry soil
Mn manganese- regulates photosynthesis, respiration, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, activates enzymes.
Short: starts at the base of the upper leaves, as in iron deficiency, but the veins are not uniformly colored and greener than in iron deficiency.
Deficiency symptoms: Usually begin to appear on the youngest leaves, where chlorosis between leaf veins contrasts with patchy dark green leaf veins. As the deficiency progresses, the spaces between the veins become more yellow compared to iron deficiency, in which yellowing begins at the base of the leaves. Not very common. It happens on soils where fertilizers with microelements are rarely used, and where a lot of lime is applied or simply watered a lot with very hard water from a well. With this type of chlorosis, the veins also remain green, and yellow spots appear between the veins and the entire leaf becomes variegated and bright. Can be confused with a viral mosaic and very frightened.
Rolling leaves.
The observed twisting of tomato leaves is due to several reasons: sharp changes in day and night temperatures (the difference should be within 5-7 degrees); removal of a large number of stepchildren or leaves; low temperatures and high humidity at night.
Leaves lying on the ground, sick, yellow are removed regularly. And also the leaves or shoots that form on the brushes, the so-called growths.
To improve ventilation, light and reduce humidity, the lower leaves are removed three weeks after planting. However, more than 2-3 leaves in tall and 1-2 in low- and medium-sized varieties should not be removed per week.
By the beginning of fruit ripening on the first brush, but not earlier, all leaves before it should be removed. To get a good harvest, it is enough that the plant has 13-18 leaves, not counting those at the top.
Leaf breaking and pinching is carried out the day before watering, foliar feeding, so that the wounds have time to heal and are not a gateway for the penetration of diseases, especially gray rot.
According to my observations, it is.
And one more thing: Everything is in order if the top has twisted leaves in the morning, and during the day they straighten out, the flowers are bright yellow, 2 flowers bloom at once in the brush, the fruits at the base of the brush are larger, the brushes are located at an obtuse angle to the stem.
Tomatoes are one of the most common crops that gardeners grow seedlings on windowsills. Strong and healthy seedlings are always pleasing to the eye. But it doesn't always happen that way. It happens that due to care errors, seedlings get sick and may even die - which is especially insulting. Due to the young age of plants, diseases spread at a catastrophic rate.
Time is the main factor here. The sooner treatment is started, the greater the chance of success. Even better is to take preventive measures in a timely manner and prevent diseases of seedlings.
Diseases that affect tomato seedlings can be divided into: fungal, viral, bacterial and non-infectious diseases.
- The fungus is activated in conditions of high humidity and low temperatures.
- Viral diseases can occur due to poor seed quality, poor soil, through transmission through pests, as a result of weakened immunity due to improper care.
- Approximately the same causes are caused by bacterial diseases.
- Non-infectious diseases arise due to the unbalanced composition of the soil; both a deficiency and an excess of individual microelements can lead to them.
fungal diseases
The symptoms help identify the problem. Only by determining the cause, you can know exactly how to act in a particular case. Let's take a closer look at fungal diseases:
It manifests itself by the appearance of dark spots on the leaves, which then dry out. The stems become striped in color, may dry out, or rot. With such symptoms, diseased specimens are withdrawn and destroyed, and the remaining seedlings are treated with the Barrier or Barrier preparation, and the treatment is repeated after 2 weeks. After planting in the ground, the plants are sprayed for the third time with an infusion of garlic with the addition of potassium permanganate crystals. The disease occurs due to waterlogging, drafts and excessively dense plantings.
The spores of this fungus can survive in the ground. Under conditions of high temperature and humidity, the fungus begins to develop, leading to thinning of the stem and rapid death of seedlings. At the first sign, diseased plants must be removed and destroyed, sprinkling the soil in the place where the diseased seedlings grew with wood ash.
Symptoms of the disease begin to appear on the lower leaves, gradually moving to the upper part of the foliage. First, whitish spots appear, then the leaves turn brown, dry out and fall off. Seedlings can be saved by treatment with a solution of copper sulfate (1 cup per bucket of water). Sick specimens are removed from the box, after which the soil is shed with a saturated solution of potassium permanganate and sprinkled with wood ash.
Rotten
Occurs due to waterlogging of the soil at low temperatures. The leaves change color, weeping spots form on them. Then the leaves wither and fall off. Diseases of this type are treated with a solution of copper oxychloride (40 g per bucket of water). Diseased leaves are removed from plants. Before planting in the ground, seedlings are treated with trichodermin.
A common disease caused by a marsupial fungus. Manifested by the appearance of white fluffy spots on the foliage. You can prevent its occurrence by dressing the seeds in advance. At the first signs of the disease, spraying with Quadris or Topaz is required.
Viral diseases
Common viral diseases are: mosaic, aspermia, streak. The viruses that cause them are transmitted through poor-quality seed material, which is why it is so important to buy seeds only in industrial packaging from reliable, trusted manufacturers.. Diseases can be recognized by the following symptoms:
It is caused by a rod-shaped virus, it manifests itself most often at the stage of planting seedlings in the ground. The color of the leaves changes, forming a characteristic mosaic of darker and lighter areas. At a later stage, twisting and falling of the leaves occurs. The affected bushes are destroyed, and the remaining ones are treated with a pink solution of potassium permanganate or a 5% solution of urea.
Aspermia (seedlessness)
Causes shredding of leaves and a delay in the development of the bush. Diseased plants later produce small, deformed fruits that do not contain seeds. There is no cure. Unhealthy plants are destroyed.
The causative agent is tobacco mosaic virus. It is manifested by the appearance of brown strokes that degenerate into ulcers. In diseased plants, the top of the head disappears over time. There is no cure. Infected tomatoes are recommended to be destroyed.
Bacterial diseases
They are provoked by various bacteria and aggravated by improper growing conditions for seedlings. Here are the most common ones:
Symptoms are the appearance of yellow-gray spots on the surface of the leaves, which gradually merge with each other, an olive coating forms on the underside of the leaf plates, turning red over time. Leaves begin to dry and die. Affected seedlings are removed, and the remaining seedlings are treated with copper-containing preparations. The soil should be watered with Bordeaux mixture.
Infection occurs through the soil, or is caused by high humidity. It is manifested by the formation of small black spots on the leaves and stems of tomatoes, over time, the entire plant is affected and its death occurs. Sick seedlings must be removed from the seedling box as soon as possible. The remaining seedlings are sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux mixture at a 1% concentration.
A symptom of the disease is the appearance on the leaves of translucent brown spots with an oily surface. As the disease progresses, the leaves curl and fall. Spraying with a solution of copper sulphate or Fitolavin-300 helps from the disease.
bacterial wilt
A dangerous disease that quickly leads to the withering of plants; in severe forms, brown longitudinal stripes will be visible on the stems. Leaves turn yellow and growth almost completely stops. Diseased bushes are destroyed, the rest of the seedlings are treated with Fitolavin-300.
bacterial cancer
A dangerous disease that causes the death of seedlings. Damage to the vessels of plants occurs, as a result, ulcers form on different parts of the stems and leaves. The plant will inevitably die. With this disease, it is necessary to completely replace the soil. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with formalin will help to avoid bacterial cancer.
They are manifested by symptoms indicating a deficiency or excess of any mineral element.
- With a lack of nitrogen, the leaves turn pale. It is treated with the introduction of a solution of urea.
- Phosphorus deficiency is indicated by the appearance of purple spots on the leaves. Brown blotches form on the underside of the leaf plates. It is necessary to add double superphosphate or ammonium sulfate.
- The lack of copper is determined by the lightening of the sheet plate and the prominent dark veins. Also, the leaves begin to curl. With such signs, copper sulfate or copper sulfate should be added to the soil.
- Iron deficiency is manifested by discoloration of the leaves, the appearance of dead areas on them. Treated with ferrous sulfate.
- Potassium deficiency is manifested by the appearance of an ashy shade on old leaves, young leaves are wrinkled. It is necessary to fertilize the earth with ash.
- Lack of calcium provokes yellowing and falling of the lower leaves. You can replenish the element by adding calcium nitrate.
- The fact that tomatoes lack sulfur can be understood by the appearance of a pink tint on the underside of the leaves. The problem will help to solve the introduction of magnesium sulfate.
If an excess amount of fertilizers is present in the soil, then the balance of salts is disturbed. As a result, the roots cease to absorb nutrients from the soil, but on the contrary, there is an outflow of useful elements from the aerial parts of plants, which can even lead to the death of seedlings.
Signs of over-fertilization may include curling of the leaves, lengthening of the internodes, discoloration of the leaves towards lightening, yellowing or spotting.
How to spray, treat tomato seedlings for prevention
Preventive measures should be given attention throughout the growing season of tomatoes, up to the fruiting stage. Plants should also be inspected regularly so that urgent action can be taken if something happens. Prevention of diseases is carried out even at the stage when they are not just soaked, but pickled with potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide or a weak solution of formalin, where it is enough to hold the seeds for 20-30 minutes.
It is also worth paying attention to the preparation of the planting soil. To rid the soil of pathogenic bacteria and fungal spores, it can be calcined in an oven or microwave. If this seems too troublesome to you, at least scald the earth with boiling water and spill it with a solution of potassium permanganate.
On a note! Purchased soil does not need such treatment, it is disinfected in production. But this applies only to time-tested, large suppliers.
At the stage of growing seedlings, it is possible to carry out preventive spraying with solutions of industrial preparations, using: Fitosporin, Baksis, Zaslon, Barrier, Ecosil. A week after planting, a second spraying with a solution of one of the preparations is carried out. Subsequent treatments are carried out on the eve and after the mass flowering of tomatoes, and then during the period of fruit formation.
In order for seedlings to grow healthy and strong, a number of conditions must be met:
- Choose the right seeds, carry out their pre-sowing treatment and observe the recommended sowing dates.
- Pick up a soil that is balanced in terms of nutrient composition and disinfect it.
- When sowing, follow the planting pattern to avoid excessive thickening of seedlings, which often leads to disease.
- Observe the necessary regime of illumination, watering and temperature for tomatoes.
- Make a pick in a timely manner. Simultaneously discard diseased and weak plants.
- Harden seedlings before planting in open ground.
If you followed these rules, the seedlings will take root well in the future and quickly adapt to a new place.
How to save diseased tomato seedlings: video
What causes tomato seedlings: video
You now know about the main diseases of tomato seedlings. In order not to encounter them in practice, follow the rules of agricultural technology and carry out preventive treatments. After all, it has long been known that it is easier to prevent a disease than to deal with it later.
Home and industrial cultivation of a good and healthy crop of tomatoes is impossible without proper preparation for planting and subsequent care for seedlings. Tomato seedlings are very capricious and susceptible to various diseases. And there are many diseases and some of them are harmful. To protect your crop, you need to monitor the behavior of young seedlings and, at their first modifications, carry out the necessary preventive and therapeutic "rescue" measures.
fungal
Tomato seedlings and adult plants are susceptible to infection by a number of fungal diseases:
Alternariosis
A fungal disease of tomatoes that affects all above-ground parts of the plant. First, single black spots form on the leaves, and then they begin to merge into one continuous black mess. The disease can be transferred to green and already ripe fruits. It appears on the fruits as well as on the leaves. The plant is infected through the remains of the fungus in the soil after the last harvest. The disease progresses most rapidly in high humidity and heat.
The following fungicides for spraying are applicable to control:
Anthracnose
Fungal disease that affects leaves and fruits. When the leaves are diseased, they are completely covered with brown spots and fade. The upper leaves fall off and expose the entire central stem. Infection occurs from diseased plants and untreated soil.
For treatment are applicable:
white rot
This disease first affects the aerial parts of tomato seedlings. Spots appear in the form of wet putrefactive wounds. The most favorable for the onset of the development of the disease are various mechanical damage on the surface of the trunk. The infected plant does not die by itself, but over time, the rot is transferred to the fruits and completely spoils them.
Infection occurs exclusively through contaminated soil and low-quality composts.
Measures to prevent the development of white rot:
- Steaming the soil before planting seedlings in it.
- Careful cultivation and disinfection of soils after the previous harvest.
Verticillosis
This fungal disease is also called tomato wilt. The leaves on the plant begin to turn yellow (brown) at the edges, they look more like burnt. The withering of the entire ground part of the seedlings begins. At the second stage, the stems are rejected by the root system and the seedlings die completely. The fungus persists in soil, plant debris and infects young seedlings.
The only measure to preserve the crop will be the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties.
There are no fungicides to combat verticillium.
Cladosporiosis
At the initial stage of the manifestation of a fungal disease, red spots begin to appear on the lower basal leaves. Later, these spots darken and a visible plaque forms on top of them.
In good conditions with high humidity (in permanent greenhouses), the fungus can persist in the soil for up to 10 years. To save the crop, it is necessary to use resistant varieties of tomato for this disease for plantings.
When the disease manifests itself, it is worth using the following spraying preparations:
root rot
This fungal disease develops mainly when growing tomatoes in greenhouses or on waterlogged soil. The symptoms of rot can be compared to the initial development of black leg disease. If you take a seedling out of the ground, you can observe the thinning of the stem in the root zone and its blackening. The root system itself has black branches. The root rots and the plant wilts completely.
Ways to protect and treat seedlings from the disease:
powdery mildew
This fungal disease can cause tremendous damage to seedlings and crops. Infection occurs due to insufficient watering and low air temperature. The entire ground part of the plant is covered with clearly defined white spots. A visible powdery coating forms on the entire surface of the sheet.
To fight the disease, use:
stem cancer
Such a fungal disease is most common in film greenhouses. Rarely develops under glass and in open ground. Infection occurs through infected plant debris in the soil and diseased seeds planted in seedlings. The best conditions for cancer development are high humidity and low temperature. The disease affects mostly the stem, and the leaves rarely get sick. The bottom of the stem becomes brown, less often black. In the root zone on the stem of the plant, depressed "wounds" form and gum oozes out of them.
For treatment and prevention apply:
Septoria (White Spot)
This fungal disease affects the ground part of the seedlings. Seedling leaves are covered with alternating white spots with small black patches. Initially, the lower leaves of the plant are affected, then they dry out and fall off. The plant becomes ill due to the remnants of last year's infected vegetation in the ground.
Treatment methods and precautions:
Gray rot
Dangerous fungal disease. The entire stem and leaves of the plant are affected. On the surface of the plant, a gray-white coating is visible. The plant rapidly becomes completely gray, fades and dies.
Such a fungus can be transmitted to the plant through nearby infected crops, by airborne droplets. The disease develops more rapidly at a high level of humidity.
The most effective chemical methods for protecting seedlings are the following drugs:
late blight
This disease is very insidious. It affects all above-ground parts of the plant. A rusty spot appears on the plants, over time the whole plant turns brown and completely rots.
The occurrence of late blight occurs:
- Through poorly cultivated soil after the last harvest.
- Due to the planting of seedlings already infected seeds.
- Through nearby infected plants.
- Airborne.
Treatment for late blight should be carried out before planting seeds and after planting seedlings in open ground. Do not plant potatoes next to tomatoes. To protect seedlings from late blight, you need to plant tomatoes near onions and garlic.
The most popular means of combating late blight are:
Blackleg
This fungal disease is transmitted to seedlings through infected soil. The development of the disease occurs due to high humidity and hot stable weather. The disease can completely destroy young shoots in 24 hours. It is necessary, at the first signs of wilting seedlings, to pull out one sprout from the crops and examine its root and basal leg. If the leg has become thin and black, the plants are affected.
You need to act quickly to save seedlings:
Fusarium wilt
Pathogenic fungal disease, in which deformation (twisting) and drying of the leaves first occurs, and then the tomato shoots wither and the plant dies. Plants are infected through plant debris in the soil or the seeds themselves are infected. To avoid infection, seeds of varieties resistant to the disease are used when planting.
To cope with the disease, you need to water the seedling bushes with Pseudobactrin-2.
Southern late blight
At the first manifestations of this fungal disease, it initially turns brown and the root neck of the plant is deformed. Then the whole plant begins to rot. The rot rises inside the stem, and outwardly a white coating appears on the leaves, which completely covers the entire leaf. Infection with the disease can be due to the sowing of diseased seeds or due to the remains of diseased plants in the soil.
To prevent the disease you need:
Bacterial
There are also diseases of tomatoes caused by various pathogenic bacteria:
Bacterial mottle
This bacterial disease is observed on plants in the open field. High humidity and low air temperature are the best conditions for the development of the disease. Bacteria live in the roots of weeds and in the tomato seeds themselves. Bacteria do not live long in the soil itself.
At the first stages of the development of the disease, small brown oily spots appear on the green aerial part of the tomato plant. The leaves begin to curl and eventually die off completely.
To combat mottling, it is imperative to spray the seedlings (the dosage is indicated on the package) with a solution of Fitolavin-300.
bacterial cancer
This bacterial disease manifests itself slowly and gradually destroys the entire plant and young fruits. First, the leaves wither and fall off, brown growths can be observed on the petioles and stem. The wilting of the plant occurs in stages from the bottom up. If the stem is cut, then a yellow void is visible in the core.
Often the diseased bacteria lie dormant in the plant seeds themselves. And also a cancerous pathogen can be in the soil and plant debris.
Cancer bacteria are resistant to drought and moisture, but cannot stand high temperatures. At an air temperature of +45 Celsius, bacteria stop their development, and when the heat rises, they completely die, but the plant also dies. Soil calcination treatment should be carried out before planting.
To treat this disease, it is necessary to treat the seedlings with fungicides with copper in the composition.
And the seeds on the day of sowing must be soaked for 2-3 hours in a solution of TMTD suspension.
bacterial wilt
This viral disease in mass cultivation of tomatoes is considered a quarantine disease. There are no visible signs at the initial stage of wilting development. Signs are visible only during the formation of the first fruits. The diseased plant is very frail and underdeveloped, its color is unsaturated. The fruits on such plants are very small and irregular in shape. Tomatoes quickly wither and dry out completely.
These bacteria live in the soil. Most often, bacteria persist at the site of the old crop of potatoes, carrots and beets.
The most active spread of the disease begins during the growth and development of fruits, and when watering with poor-quality water.
Before planting seedlings in a greenhouse, quarantine treatment should be carried out.
Sick plants are destroyed, as well as all nearby growing ones. They need to be removed, and the rest should be watered with a solution of Fitolavin-300 at a concentration of 0.6-1.0%.
And it is also possible to spray seedlings with Fitolovin-300 with the addition of 0.15% liquid glass.
root cancer
With this disease, bacteria infect the inside of the stem. Small scattered brown growths form on the stem. In the context of the stem, brown emptiness and rottenness are visible.
Infection occurs through plant debris and contaminated soil.
When it comes time to plant seedlings in open ground, you need to minimize the mechanical pressure on the roots of plants. It is through all the miniature wounds of the roots of tomatoes that cancerous pathogenic bacteria penetrate.
Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to steam the soil and soak its roots in Fitosporin-M solution.
wet rot
This bacterial disease begins its development from the stems. Darkening occurs from the roots along the inner wall of the stem, and then the stem turns brown and softens. A few days later, the ground part of the plant rots completely, and only the skin with rotten liquid remains from the fruit.
There are no measures to combat rot, you can only exterminate pests. And for the prevention of development, it is worth calcining the soil before planting seedlings and sowing seeds.
stem necrosis
This disease affects the most developed plants. Brown spots and small growths in the form of warts appear on the stems of tomatoes. Over time, the growths crack, and the tomatoes themselves wither and die. The most favorable temperature for pathogen development is + 26- + 28 degrees Celsius. When the air temperature rises to +40, the bacteria die. The disease develops due to the sowing of infected seeds or through the nearest affected plants.
To avoid infection of plants, all agrotechnical methods of tillage must be carried out before sowing.
There are no chemical treatments for this disease.
black spot
Plants infected with bacterial spot are characterized by an underdeveloped appearance. The plant has a faded color, a thin trunk and deformed leaves. Rusty spots form throughout the plant. Only the roots are not affected.
The development of the disease is facilitated by plant disease residues in the soil, as well as planting infected seeds. Before planting in the ground, the seed material must be treated with Fitolovin-300 solution.
And also it is necessary to carry out spraying with the fungicide Kartocide in the ratio of 40 grams of the drug per 10 liters of water. The working solution should be enough for 1 hundred square meters.
Viral
Aspermia
Harvest losses due to aspermia can only be avoided by decontaminating or eliminating diseased plants, as well as by destroying insect vectors.
Bronzing
With the development of this viral disease, yellow-brown ring patterns are visible on the leaves of plants and on young green fruits. The leaves begin to curl and die, and the fruits become light and just fall off. Infection occurs through thrips and weeds.
The virus is not treated, it can only reduce its activity at high air temperatures (+35-+45).
To avoid infections, you need to carefully control weeds in the area and destroy thrips. Infected plants cannot be cured.
yellow curl
This viral disease is also called tomato jaundice. In a sick plant, the leaves are twisted, rusty in color, small. The whole plant becomes mottled, brown-green. The fruits of such plants do not ripen, but only turn yellow and wrinkle. Whiteflies infect plants with this virus.
There are no cures for the disease. To prevent the birth of whiteflies and the development of curliness, you can pickle the ground before planting seedlings or sowing seeds.
There is only one variety of tomato resistant to this disease - F1 Senzafin.
Top bushiness
This disease can begin to develop at the very beginning of seedling seedlings. First, white dots form on the leaves, which then darken and cause necrosis on the leaf surface. The leaves of the seedlings are stretched in length, and then twisted down. Such plants are usually very frail. As a result, the leaves become rough and their veins turn blue. The disease is transmitted through aphid larvae in the ground or through an adult insect. And there may also be already infected seeds.
The virus dies only at high air temperatures up to +75.
There are no means of protection against tillering, except for agrotechnical preventive measures.
Mosaic
A viral disease caused by the tomato mosaic virus. First, the leaves of the plant begin to deform and become covered with green spots. Further, the disease passes into the form of streaks.
Mosaic virus resistant tomato varieties should be selected to avoid infection. To combat the disease, it is worth disinfecting the soil and dressing the seeds before planting, spraying the seedlings with a solution of Fitolovin.
Filiformity of the leaves
The plant is infected with cucumber mosaic virus or tomato mosaic virus. Infected seedlings or an adult plant with fruits die completely. The disease is manifested by the fact that the leaves of the plant become like strings. Outwardly, the leaf looks like a fern leaf. Such a disease can spread to plants through aphids.
Measures to prevent diseases will be agrotechnical (disinfection of soil and seeds). It is also worthwhile to identify and destroy all pests in time.
Non-infectious
There are several non-infectious tomato diseases that harm the plant and further harvest:
Tip rot
The disease occurs at the genetic level of the tomatoes themselves. The disease manifests itself as brown spots throughout the plant. Later, the spotting passes to green fruits and spoils them from the inside. To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to normalize the acidity of the soil to an indicator of 6 before planting. It is also worth adding calcium to the planting soil, ground chalk can be used.
Stolbur
Phytoplasmic disease of plants. Seedlings become infected by infection with the insect vector cicadas. In a diseased plant, mutations begin: the root bark becomes dense and turns brown, the leaves curl and decrease, even green fruits become denser (wooden). There is no way to fight this disease. The only thing that can be done is to prevent cicada invasions.
Hollowness
To a greater extent, the disease manifests itself in the fetus. Hollow fruits do not have seed material inside. This is due to a violation of fruit set, lack of proper pollination or temperature changes. If there are weak young seedlings in the garden, then they lack something and they are underdeveloped. It is better to get rid of such plantings immediately.
With the onset of spring, it is time to plant tomato seeds for seedlings. Watering, fertilizing, fertilizing ... Enough worries. But sometimes all the work goes down the drain due to problems encountered when growing seedlings. The most common diseases and causes of death of tomatoes will be considered in this article.
Conditions for growing tomato seedlings
Tomatoes are very sun-loving plants, so choose places to grow seedlings that will be well lit by the sun. If you are growing on a windowsill, south facing windows are the best option. If necessary, use additional lighting in the form of fluorescent lights and protective foil screens. Avoid sudden changes in temperature. Maintain night temperature within 10-15 ° C, daytime at 17-22 ° C. Watering should be regular, every 5-6 days, not allowing excessive drying of the soil. When watering emerging plants, use root watering to prevent fungal diseases. When growing seedlings on a windowsill, it is advisable to make stands under the boxes to avoid a sharp temperature drop between the root area (from working batteries) and the upper part of the plants.
The main diseases and pests of tomato seedlings
Young seedlings have their own diseases and pests that are not averse to eating small sprouts.
The most common diseases and pests. Table
Growing tomato seedlings is a very painstaking work. The slightest mistake in creating the necessary conditions for care and preventive measures can cost a whole crop. Therefore, one should take a responsible approach to diagnosing the condition of seedlings, and, if necessary, take all the recommended measures for optimal plant growth.
Consolidated signs of diseases, pest damage or errors in the care of seedlings. Table
| Symptom | Disease | Pest | Leaving error |
| Subcutaneous brown spots on fruits and leaves, around the stalks | Late blight (brown rot) | ||
| Light brown, later yellow spots on the lower sheets, with reverse sides covered with gray | brown spot | ||
| Brown oblong spots on stems, leaves with a dry aspect | streak | ||
| Gray patches with dark edges | Septoria (white spot) | ||
| Rotting root neck | Black leg (root rot) | ||
| Small brown spots with a yellow halo | Bacterial mottle | ||
| Top curly. | Aspermia | ||
| Twisted leaves with changed colors | Mosaic | ||
| Broken stem base | bear | ||
| Withered, dead plants | wireworm | ||
| Gray egg clutches green larvae, or small white moths on the back side of the sheet | whitefly | ||
| Clutches of orange eggs on the reverse side of the leaf, larvae orange to red hue, flowers | Colorado beetle | ||
| Cobwebs with small oval insects under leaf plates | spider mite | ||
| Pale color of tomatoes | nitrogen deficiency | ||
| Rotting roots, deformation (tuberosity) of the leaf | lack of calcium | ||
| wrinkled leaves | excess calcium | ||
| Yellow leaves with green veins | iron deficiency |
Diseases
All tomato diseases can be classified into four groups. These are fungal, infectious, bacterial and “non-infectious” diseases. Let's start with perhaps the most common fungal diseases.
late blight
A fungal disease with a strong viability. It is transmitted both through air, soil, water, and through seed materials, garden tools, plant debris. The first symptoms are dark brown spots on the leaves, which eventually move to both the stems and the fruits. The affected areas on the reverse side are covered with a grayish coating. The disease quickly spreads to other plants. With early infection, partial or complete loss of the crop is not uncommon.
The main method of combating late blight is prevention. For preventive measures, you can use a pink solution of potassium permanganate, in which you need to soak the seeds for half an hour. Hydrogen peroxide is also a good disinfectant. Seeds, as in the case of potassium permanganate, are soaked for half an hour. It should be ensured that the humidity where the seedlings grow does not exceed 75%, carry out ventilation, avoiding drafts. Even for preventive purposes, plants are treated with Bordeaux liquid (0.7%), copper sulfate (0.1%), a solution of garlic with potassium permanganate (200 grams of chopped garlic, 1 gram of potassium permanganate, insist for two days in 1 liter of water, then filtered dilute the mixture with 9 liters of water and process the seedlings), a solution of kefir (1: 2 in proportion to water). For the prevention and treatment of phytophthora, fungicides are also used, for example, Oksihom, Metronidazole, Fitosporin, Trichopolum, Barrier.
Blackleg
This disease is also fungal. It occurs, as a rule, when the seedlings are too densely placed and then the seedlings receive little light. A sign of a black leg is dried and darkened stem bases. Plants roll and fall.
For the preventive purposes of the occurrence of this disease, soil fertilizer with ash and sand is used. As in the case of phytophthora, soaking seeds in a solution of potassium permanganate is effective. If the disease still occurs, the treatment is carried out with fungicides: Fitosporin-M, Baktofit, Fitolavin. The soil is disinfected by abundant irrigation with a solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate. Sick plants are removed and destroyed.
Septoria
Infection with this fungus occurs mainly through the soil. The lower leaves of the seedlings are covered with grayish spots with black dots. Over time, the leaves turn brown and dry.
Prevention of this disease is soil disinfection with solutions of potassium permanganate, fertilizer with ash and sand. Pre-freezing the soil before planting seeds or seedlings will help well. Diseased sprouts must be destroyed. For the treatment of the rest of the seedlings, treatment with Bordeaux liquid is used.
brown spot
The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of light brown spots on the leaves, which eventually merge and darken. The provocateur of brown spotting can be increased humidity of air and soil.
Prevention and treatment of brown spot is the same as in the case of septoria.
Bacterial diseases of tomatoes are manifested by rot, oily spots on the leaves. They are very harmful to tomatoes and threaten to significantly damage the future crop.
Black bacterial spot
Symptoms of the disease are small oblong black spots on the leaves, stems, which spread throughout the plant for a short time, resembling a black rash. Infection passes through poor-quality seed material, poorly cultivated soil, with damage and cracks in plants. High humidity is one of the provocateurs of the disease.
Prevention of the disease is the selection of high-quality seed material, soil disinfection, disinfection of garden tools, and the destruction of diseased plants. The treatment is carried out by treatment with 1% Bordeaux liquid, such chemicals as Fitolavin, Fitosporin M, Oksihom are used.
Mosaic
Mosaic is a viral disease that threatens to completely destroy the future crop. The danger of infection is very high, since there are a lot of “owners” of the disease. Mosaic is quite common in other cultures. The virus is resistant to frost and drought. Garden tools, soil, and weeds can serve as a source of infection. The aphid is an excellent carrier of the virus. The first symptoms of the disease manifest themselves on the leaves in the form of mosaic mottling of green, dark and light shades, which subsequently deform the leaf both by the appearance of specific growths and by complete twisting.
Preventive measures are carried out in the form of seed disinfection. For this, treatment with trisodium phosphate or a 20% hydrochloric acid solution is used. It is also recommended to sterilize the soil. Sprouted tomatoes are treated with boric acid 0.1% or whey 10%. Of the chemicals, Farmiod-3 can be used. It is necessary to carefully follow the rules of crop rotation, remove all weeds, and avoid low lighting. Seed material is selected only of a quality and disease-resistant character. Diseased plants are removed and destroyed. Treatment is carried out against aphids with insecticides.
Aspermia
A viral disease transmitted by insects or reserve plants, such as chrysanthemums. A sign of the disease is the lightening of the color of tomatoes, increased curling of the tops, an underdeveloped main stem, the leaves are twisted, smaller, unevenly deformed.
To prevent the disease, insecticidal treatment is carried out against aphids and other vector pests. The right neighborhood with other cultures is observed.
streak
A viral disease that enters the cells of a plant. It affects the entire ground part of tomatoes. External symptoms are similar to late blight, but there is dryness of the leaves and the absence of a specific plaque.
The treatment of a strick is not yet known to science; for prevention, only proper growing conditions and the destruction of diseased plants are used.
Plant diseases are also non-infectious. This happens with improper care, lack of vitamins and minerals, physical effects.
Seedling leaves turning yellow
If the yellowing of the leaf starts from the top of the seedling, then most likely the plant lacks calcium. Proper feeding will solve this problem.
Yellowing and drying of the leaves from below can have several options. This is too close proximity, coupled with poor lighting, and both too plentiful and insufficient watering. Deficiency of potassium, copper can also be one of the yellowing factors. The light yellow color of the entire bush signals a deficiency of manganese. Mechanical damage to the roots during picking is one of the many factors that cause yellowing of the leaves.
Leaves dry
Yellow drying leaves indicate a lack of moisture, if at the same time they curl, this may be a sign of iron deficiency. But it can also be a natural sign of "growing up" seedlings, when the lower sheets, having fulfilled their function, become only a hindrance, since the main nutrition goes to the development of the root and upper above-ground parts.
White spots and drying leaves indicate sunburn.
Seedlings are not growing well
There are many reasons for slow seedling growth. This is a lack of nutrients, disturbed temperature conditions, poor lighting, close proximity of seedlings.
Weak stems, plants fall
Violated growing conditions can cause seedlings to stretch and fall.
Seedlings turn blue
Seedlings acquire a blue or purple color, mainly during a sharp cold snap, if the temperature regime has not been disturbed, then a phosphorus deficiency is likely. Even the leaves of the seedlings can become purple in a natural way. Glass does not transmit ultraviolet, and when seedlings are taken out into the sun, the latter actively begins to be absorbed by plants, causing color changes. Over time, the color will return to normal.
The young wither, frail
If the seedlings began to wither, then, as in all of the above cases, it is necessary to carefully check the growing conditions. Withering of seedlings occurs when picking. The root system is disturbed and the plant simply “gets sick”. After a few days, the tomatoes begin to grow actively.
Leaves are curling
If this is not a varietal feature, then it indicates violations of growing conditions or a lack of nutrients. Balanced feeding, bringing the conditions back to normal will contribute to the healthy growth of seedlings.
Pests + photo
whitefly
A small whitish flying sucking insect. On the leaf, on the reverse side, it lays laying eggs of a grayish color. The hatched larvae stick to the leaf and resemble scales.
The whitefly is a threat, mainly as a carrier of many diseases. Therefore, the creation of appropriate conditions for growing plants, timely and sufficient feeding of seedlings will contribute to the resistance to both the impact of the insect and the diseases brought by the whitefly. Tomato leaves affected by larvae can be washed with soapy water or dandelion infusion.
thrips
Small flying insects. Difficult to detect, due to the ability to hide under the leaves, inside the buds. It is diagnosed with dry, falling leaves, dried buds, visual inspection of the reverse side of the leaf, on which black traces of thrips remain.
The fight against this pest consists in sufficient watering of the plants, treatment with Fitoverm or suitable insecticides, for example, Aktara.
garden scoop
A very common pest. Effective on all vegetable crops without exception. Scoop caterpillars literally mow down entire rows of plants, preferring young shoots. The color of the caterpillars ranges from off-white to green.
Scoop butterflies do not cause damage to plants, as they feed on nectar, the danger of butterflies is precisely in the hatching of caterpillars.
There are many ways to control and prevent this pest. First of all, it is necessary to carefully dig the soil in the fall and at the beginning of the sowing season, removing all plant residues and weeds. Destruction of weeds during the growth of seedlings, catching caterpillars by hand, sweet traps for butterflies, for example, molasses diluted with water with the addition of a small amount of yeast. It is recommended to use biological preparations to control caterpillars, as they are harmless to plants at any time of the growing season. Suitable for processing Actofit, Agrovertin. Insecticides such as Decis, Zolon, Karate are used in the spring.
The small flying pest has five species. Melon, peach, green, white, black. Small bugs with green, black, white, yellow colors depending on the species.
Aphid species:
peach aphid 
green aphid 
black aphid 
yellow aphid
The methods of dealing with this pest are the same in all cases of lesions by different aphid species. Both folk and chemical remedies are suitable here. With folk methods, mainly herbal decoctions are used. Effective and proven experienced gardeners are decoctions of wormwood, tobacco, garlic. The recipe for such a decoction is quite simple: one part of the herb to one part of water, boiled for three hours, then diluted with a bucket of water. For stability of processing, a tenth of a bar of laundry soap can be added to the finished broth.
In case of severe damage, insecticide treatment is applied. Aktara, Proteus, Fitoverm are guaranteed to save your plants.
wireworm
This small, up to 20 mm hard worm is actually the larva of the click beetle. Has a yellow color. Damages tomatoes directly to the root system, often gets into the stem.
The prevention of the appearance of a wireworm is, as in the case of a scoop, digging the soil, removing weeds, and manually catching larvae. To scare away the pest, you can also use bait traps consisting of leaves and pieces of potatoes, carrots, and beets. Place the bait in small jars, tin or glass, and, having tied it, lower it to the fishing line into the holes at a depth of 10–15 cm. Changing the bait regularly, the caught larvae should be destroyed. Chemical preparations in the fight against wireworm are used by furrow irrigation. For these purposes, Aktara, Provotoks, Bazudin are suitable.
Medvedka
Medvedka, in the common people a top or earthen crayfish, a rather large earthen beetle. Juveniles are grey, turning dark brown as they mature. It harms tomatoes by gnawing, full or partial, the base of the stem or damage to the root system.
Lives underground, digging deep passages with its "mole" claws. As for the scoop and wireworm, preventive measures include digging up the soil, destroying the larvae. The fight against the bear is carried out with such drugs as Rembek, Thunder 30. From folk remedies, bait traps made using the example of a wireworm are also suitable. Even in the course, you can pour kerosene diluted in water (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water) or washing powder diluted in the same proportions.
Colorado beetle
There is no beetle more famous for gardeners than the Colorado. These striped flying insects and their larvae are capable of destroying an entire area in a few days.
The female lays bright orange eggs on the underside of the leaf. The hatched larvae eat the leaf part, with a large lesion, the stem and fruits. Pest control is carried out mainly with insecticides. If the area is small, then you can carry out manual collection of beetles and larvae, the destruction of oviposition. When planting seeds or seedlings, you can treat with Prestige, Bankol, Akarin.
Picking without problems
Picking is necessary for durability and good growth of young seedlings. Picking is carried out in prepared, fertilized soil, at the age of two weeks of sprouts. To avoid damage to the root system, the soil must be watered abundantly, and only then gently digging with a spatula to remove the plant.
The seedling is buried in small, watered with warm water, holes, along the lower cotyledon leaves. From above, the soil is lightly tamped with fingers.
Important! For better adaptation of plants after picking, hold the seedlings in the shade for at least a day.
The first top dressing of the soil after picking is carried out after 10 days.
Video: diving tomato seedlings
Timely measures for the prevention of diseases, pest infestations and compliance with the conditions of detention will increase several times the receipt of high-quality seedlings, and, subsequently, a good harvest. Therefore, do not be afraid of difficulties and problems, and ripe, juicy tomatoes grown with your own hands will be your worthy reward.
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