Government Communications Troops Day. Guarding the most important secrets

The security of heads of state plays a very important role in ensuring peace and tranquility in the country. Previously, the most primitive methods were used to encrypt information, but over the years, due to the development of new communications and technologies, there was a need to strengthen state secrecy. It was for this purpose that Government Communications was created on June 1, 1931.

Story

In 1931, the first high-frequency communications were launched in the USSR. They have been working on its creation since 1928. It did not take the OGPU much time to develop and introduce HF communications, although the amount of work carried out was not small, and the idea was of a global nature. The organization of proper secrecy of messages and negotiations of government authorities at that time was in the first place, since telephone and telegraph communications, which were in general use, could no longer guarantee complete secrecy of the transmitted information.

To check the quality of communication, a connection was established with the city of Kharkov. The result of this check satisfied the developers and the government. The Russian government has begun to actively use HF communications.

The invented HF communication made it possible during the Second World War (1941-1945) to organize operational control of all fronts and made it possible to control the course of military operations. Many military operations were successfully carried out thanks to continuous communication with the government.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union into a number of separate countries, Russian Federation a separate state communications organization was created - Federal agency government communications and information, this happened in December 1991.

On July 1, 2003, the President of the Russian Federation announced the cancellation of FAPSI. It was replaced by a new information structure - the Special Communications and Information Service. On August 7, 2004, it was included in the FSO of Russia.

The objectives of the SSSI are:

providing government officials with communications in their places of residence;
conducting reconnaissance work in the field of encryption;
development of special technical means and systems to increase the quality and privacy of communications;
storage and processing of information, as well as its transfer to institutions located abroad;

Traditions

Celebrations of Government Communications Worker Day are usually held among the team. Service employees organize corporate parties in honor of their professional holiday. Management congratulates them, presenting them with gratitude and bonuses for their hard work.

Employees of this structure also celebrate this holiday with their families. Behind festive tables Congratulations from relatives and friends are heard to the clink of glasses.

Do not forget to congratulate everyone who serves or served in this structure on their professional holiday.

1931 is officially considered

Day of creation of government communications in the USSR

When the country put into operation its own long-distance high-frequency communication network. The United State Political Administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR has been working on its creation since 1928. The new type of communication received the code name “HF communication”.

The need to create a special connection for the needs government controlled was caused by the fact that all previously existing types of communication - telegraph from the mid-19th century, then telephone, passing through public communication networks - could not provide the messages transmitted with proper confidentiality.

Testing of HF communications in test mode took place in 1930 - a connection was established with Kharkov, at that time the former capital of Ukraine. The check was successful. Soon, high-frequency communications began to be actively used in government work.

The main design feature of telephone sets was the presence of a simple device for masking speech from direct listening. Simultaneously with the production of such “masking devices,” specialists were actively developing complex encryption equipment. Especially for HF communications, the first domestic automatic long-distance telephone exchange (ATS) was put into operation, which accelerated the development of public telephone communications, marking the beginning of automation of the process of connecting subscribers.

HF communication was very useful during the Great Patriotic War - it was used to provide operational control to active fronts and armies, and there were signalmen in almost every unit of the Red Army. The importance and necessity of HF communication was confirmed later - when working in “hot spots”, in extreme situations man-made disasters and natural disasters.

In the post-war years, encryption equipment was created, based on completely new principles, and the Kremlin automatic telephone exchange network became dedicated. In the 1950s, international HF communications were tested (a Moscow–Beijing communication channel was established). In the 1960s, with the launch of artificial satellites, orbital repeaters began to be used to develop HF communications. In August 1963, the so-called “ hotline» direct documentary communication between Moscow and Washington; later such lines were organized with the capitals of a number of other states. In the 1970s, the country's leadership gained the opportunity to use “government communications” almost anywhere on Earth.

On June 26, 1990, a communication system was created for the President of the USSR. In 1991, by the corresponding decree of the head of state, the activities of government communications bodies were brought under legal basis- the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation (FAPSI) was created. This special body existed from December 24, 1991 to July 1, 2003. Then all FAPSI responsibilities were distributed between the FSO of Russia, the FSB of Russia, the SVR of Russia and the Special Communications and Information Service under the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

Today The country's presidential and government communications are special-purpose telecommunications, which is used by officials for the needs of public administration.

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Day of the creation of Russian government communications in numbers

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Day of creation of the communications service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

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Historical reference

With the advent of electrical communications in the 19th century and until the end of the 20s of the 20th century, telecommunications for the needs of public administration in our country were provided mainly through public communication networks. The main type of telecommunication was telegraph communication. Given the vast expanses of Russia, “wireless telegraphy” via radio communication channels acquired importance. At the same time, the secrecy of telephone conversations was practically not ensured.
Based on this, the United State Political Administration (OGPU) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in 1928 began creating its own long-distance high-frequency communication network. It was conventionally called “HF communication”.
It was first installed in 1930 with Kharkov, then the capital of Ukraine, then with other cities and soon began to be actively used for government administration, receiving the official name “government HF communications.”
The official date of the creation of government long-distance communications - the basis of the future system of government and then presidential communications is considered to be June 1, 1931.

30s - the first years of the history of government communications. The main thing was to solve the problem of information protection mainly by creating the simplest devices for masking speech from direct eavesdropping on a communication line. Simultaneously with the production of camouflage devices, the development of complex encryption equipment was carried out. In addition, the development of the first domestic automatic long-distance telephone exchange (ATS) for HF communications marked the beginning of automation of the process of connecting subscribers.

In 1941-1945 government HF communications units, in cooperation with specialists from the People's Commissariat of Communications and signalmen of the Red Army, participated in all operations of the Great Patriotic War, and then the Far Eastern campaign, and fulfilled the tasks assigned to them.
The operation of HF communications is repeatedly noted in orders Supreme Commander-in-Chief, highly appreciated by prominent military leaders.
Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky: “Being the Chief of the General Staff, I could not do for a single minute without HF communications, which, thanks to the high consciousness and skill of signalmen, the best way provided operational leadership of active fronts and armies.”
Marshal of the Soviet Union I.S. Konev: “In general, it must be said that this connection, as they say, was sent to us by God. She helped us out so much that we must pay tribute to both our equipment and our signalmen, who specially provided this high-frequency connection and in any situation literally followed on the heels of everyone who was supposed to use this connection during the movements.”

In the first post-war years Intense work was carried out to restore and develop government communications. New communication equipment and encryption equipment were created, operating on completely new principles. The Kremlin automatic telephone exchange network has become a dedicated network of government city communications, not interfacing with public networks.

In the 50s organization of the Moscow-Beijing HF communication channel began the creation government international communications.
During these years, new communication technology was actively created in the field. For this purpose, portable transmission systems and masking (later encrypting) equipment were initially developed.

In the 60s With the development of artificial Earth satellites, it became possible to use orbital repeaters, which reduced dependence on wire and radio relay lines.
October 1962 went down in history as the time of the Caribbean Crisis, which was the culmination of the Cold War and brought humanity to the brink of a nuclear disaster. Then the problem was solved by political means, but it became obvious that in such situations a long exchange of views through diplomatic channels was unacceptable. Based on this, on August 31, 1963, the so-called "hotline" of direct documentary communication Moscow - Washington. Later, similar lines were organized with the capitals of a number of other states.
In order to train officers for the government communications system, on September 27, 1964, the Military Technical School (VTU) of the KGB under the USSR Council of Ministers was created in Bagrationovsk, Kaliningrad Region, with a three-year training period.

In the 70s The automation of the process of connecting subscribers to the fixed government communications network was completed, more advanced encryptors, transportable communication nodes, and a backup HF radio network appeared. State leaders began to be provided with communications when they moved, both within the country and almost anywhere on Earth.

In the 80s and subsequent years, despite economic difficulties, the development of new technical means continued, in particular, switching equipment for long-distance and urban communications, new generation encryptors, stations and individual technical means of satellite, tropospheric, short-wave and VHF communications, multifunctional communication centers on armored vehicles and other means.

On June 26, 1990, as part of government communications, the communication system for the President of the USSR.

After the well-known events of August 1991, government and presidential communications operated first as part of the Committee, and then the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information - FAPSI.
By decision of the head of state in 1992, the presidential communications system became separate: its technical means and the personnel servicing them were transferred from FAPSI to the Main Security Directorate (GUO) of Russia (since June 1965, the Federal Security Service - FSO of Russia).
In 1992, the Military Institute of Government Communications (VIPS) was created on the basis of OVVKUS.
On February 19, 1993, the head of state signed the Law of the Russian Federation “On Federal Bodies of Government Communications and Information.” Thus, a comprehensive (together with other laws) legal framework was created for the activities of government communications and information bodies.
Since 1999, the training of specialists began at the Voronezh Military Technical School (VVTU), created by a decree of the Russian Government of December 15, 1998 on the basis of a separate training center government communications troops.
On April 12, 2000, the Russian Government transformed the Military Institute of Government Communications in Orel into an academy (now the Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia).
According to the order of the Russian Government dated December 3, 2008, VVTU was transformed into the Institute of Government Communications (a branch of the Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia).

The history of government communications is rich in many events. The experience of working in “hot spots” (Afghanistan, North Caucasus), in extreme situations of man-made disasters and natural disasters is truly invaluable. For example, after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986, government communications were urgently organized directly with the area of the accident and other locations of the state commission.

On July 1, 2003, the President of Russia abolished FAPSI, created a new federal state body under the VSO of Russia - the Special Communications and Information Service, and on August 7, 2004 included it in the FSO of Russia. Presidential and government communications began to function again within the framework of a unified communications system consisting of one federal body executive power.

Thus, in modern conditions, special communications are telecommunications for special purposes (presidential and government communications) for the needs of public administration, that is, the exercise of powers by the President of Russia, government officials state power, other government bodies, organizations.
Taking into account trends in the development of telecommunications, encryption technology, and computer technology, special communications will be improved to meet its purpose, while remaining a reliable means of interdepartmental and interstate information exchange.

In 1936, construction of the world's longest permanent overhead communication line was completed. Moscow-Khabarovsk, the total length of which was 8615 km.
On October 20, 1938, during the period of rapid development of the economy of the Far East, as a result of the administrative-territorial division of the Far Eastern Territory, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories were formed.

By order of the head of the USSR NKVD Directorate for the Khabarovsk Territory dated November 29, 1938 No. 00172, a HF communications group was created as part of the department’s special department. It consisted of 13 people. This date is considered the day of creation of the first division of government long-distance communications on Far East.
The unit was headed by military technician 1st rank N.S. Khvorostyansky, who had previously worked as an engineer at the Khabarovsk telegraph.

(photo) On August 10, 1940, the staff of the HF station came into operation in the Directorate of the NKVD-MGB of the USSR in Vladivostok.

The Great Patriotic War greatly expanded the range of tasks facing government communications and required greater efficiency in solving them.
The HF communications subscriber network in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok is rapidly expanding, since a large number of factories fulfilling defense orders are being built here, and the Far Eastern Military District and the Pacific Fleet during the Great Patriotic War become the main factor keeping militaristic Japan from aggression.
February 20, 1942 A HF communication station is opened in the city of Birobidzhan in the department of the NKVD for the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region.
After the victory over Nazi Germany in 1945, the war did not end for the Soviet people. The million-strong Kwantung Army of imperialist Japan was concentrated near the Far Eastern borders, with which Soviet Union entered the war in August 1945.
To provide government communications to the fronts and armies, several brigades and regiments of government communications troops of the NKVD of the USSR, formed in February 1943, were transferred from the west. Fulfilling the order of the State Defense Committee, the government communications troops of the NKVD of the USSR in a short time built a bypass permanent air communication line passing through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory through the villages of Polina Osipenko, Ekimchan, Novokievsky Uval, Tynda.
The territorial HF communications units of the NKVD Directorates were entrusted with the task of organizing government communications between the commanders of the fronts and armies with the Supreme Command Headquarters.
After the end of the war, the process of transferring industry to peaceful footing began. The administrative-territorial division of the Far East is changing radically. The creation of new Centers and government communication lines continues in the Sakhalin, Yakut, Magadan, and Kamchatka regions.
Since January 1992, a new stage in development begins for government communications in the Far East. In a short time, government communications centers were formed in the territories and regions of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including in the Far Eastern region, and from July 1, 1997, the Department of Government Communications and Information in the Far Eastern Region was created, under which all government communications centers and units were transferred government communications troops stationed in the Far Eastern region.
On July 8, 2003, the President of Russia issued a decree approving the Regulations on Special Communications of Russia, according to which, on the basis of the territorial bodies of the abolished FAPSI, departments of the Special Communications and Information Service under the Federal Security Service of Russia were created in the federal districts. Since 2004 – Directorate of Special Communications and Information Federal service protection of the Russian Federation in federal districts.
Throughout the entire period of existence of government communications units in the Far East, employees not only dealt with everyday official activities, but also carried out complex tasks with honor in a number of local wars and armed conflicts, as well as tasks related to the organization of government communications in emergency areas.
High professionalism combined with patriotism, loyalty to military duty, courage and dedication - this is the foundation on which the readiness of the personnel of the territorial special communications and information bodies of the Federal Security Service of Russia is based to carry out assigned tasks in any situation.

WITH professional holiday you, dear friends!

The security of the head of state and members of the Government is of great importance for maintaining a peaceful situation. If previously it was enough to encrypt the information in a simple way, then today is required the latest equipment. Creation necessary conditions for telephone conversations, protecting government information, countering the technical intelligence of other countries, providing top officials of powers with new means of communication and equipment - this and much more are the tasks of specialists of the most closed government structure - the Special Communications of Russia. A professional holiday is dedicated to those who ensure information security.

Who's celebrating

On Special Communications Day of the FSO of Russia, all specialists of this service accept congratulations.

history of the holiday

Since 1928, HF communications (government and military) have been the responsibility of state security. In 1991, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation (FAPSI) was established. 1992 was marked by the separation of the presidential communications system, and all personnel and equipment were transferred to the Main Directorate of Security of the Russian Federation (GUO RF).

On July 1, 2003, FAPSI ceased to exist. A new unit was created under the Federal Security Service - Special Communications of Russia. On August 7, 2004, it became part of the country's Federal Security Service. It was this date that became the professional holiday of Special Communications specialists of the Russian Federation.

About the profession

In addition to the safe and reliable provision of communication channels, employees of the Special Communications and Information Service under the FSO of the Russian Federation must protect information that constitutes state secrets, develop international special communications, and supply top officials of the state technical means not only in peaceful times, but also in war time, maintain special documentation, etc.

Some FSO cars in the Moscow region have the same letters in their license plates (E - KX). Even a traffic police inspector has no right to stop a Federal Security Service car with a siren and beacon on. If a violation of traffic rules is detected, he can draw up a report addressed to the boss.

The Russian budget includes the same expenses for the army and the Federal Protective Service.

The Orienteering Federation also has a similar abbreviated name, which it uses during unofficial starts. The abbreviation “FSO Exercises” placed at control points in the forest prevents the theft of equipment.

June 1 is officially considered the Day of the Creation of Government Communications of Russia. It was on this day in 1931 that a long-distance high-frequency communication network was launched in the Soviet Union, which was to serve the government structures of the Soviet country. The importance of government communications for the security and defense of the state, for the uninterrupted and prompt management of all processes occurring in the political and economic life of the country, is difficult to overestimate.

The Soviet government realized the need to create a system of operational management of the state, its institutions and armed forces almost immediately after the end of the Civil War. However, solving this problem required serious technical modernization of the communications means at the disposal of the Soviet state. Already in 1921, engineers from the radio laboratory of the Moscow Electrosvyaz plant began experiments on organizing multi-channel telephony, which ended in success - they were able to simultaneously transmit three telephone conversations.

Two years later, in 1923, P.V. Shmakov successfully conducted experiments on the simultaneous transmission of telephone conversations at high and low frequencies via a cable line 10 kilometers long. In 1925, the first high-frequency telephony equipment for copper circuits was presented, developed by the team of the Leningrad Scientific Testing Station under the leadership of P.A. Azbukina. By this time, the principle of high-frequency telephony was considered the safest when conducting telephone conversations. Ultimately, it was high-frequency telephony that was approved by management communist party and the Soviet state as the basis of the system of public administration of the Soviet country.

Since control through telephone communication was of strategic importance for the Soviet state, the overall organization of the multi-channel telephone communication system was immediately taken over by the United State Political Administration (OGPU), which was responsible at that time for the state security of the country. It was the strategic importance of the government communications system that explained its inclusion in the system not of the People's Commissariat of Communications of the USSR, but rather of the state security agencies of the Soviet state.

At the end of the 1920s. government communications were subordinated to the 4th department of the Operations Department of the OGPU of the USSR. Given the increased importance of the government communications system, the engineering and technical personnel providing it were recruited based on two main criteria - the highest professional competence and complete loyalty to the Soviet government. That is, the selection criteria were the same as for recruiting other units and departments of the USSR state security agencies.

The first high-frequency communication lines were laid between Moscow and Leningrad and Moscow and Kharkov. Long-distance communications were provided by the country's top party and state leadership. On June 1, 1931, the 5th department of the Operations Department of the OGPU was allocated as part of the OGPU. It was headed by a career employee of the OGPU - NKVD Ivan Yuryevich Lawrence (1892-1937), who led the department for almost six years. When the OGPU was included in the NKVD, the 5th department of the Operations Department of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR remained the governing body for government communications.

The tasks of providing the country with government communications required enhanced and accelerated construction of main permanent overhead communication lines of medium and long distance, which began in the early 1930s. Each line allocated two circuits to the competence of state security agencies, which equipped intermediate and terminal stations of government communications. During 1931-1932 government communications were established between Moscow and Leningrad, Kharkov, Minsk, and Smolensk. In 1933, government communication lines connected Moscow with Gorky and Rostov-on-Don, in 1934 - with Kiev, during 1935-1936. Communications were established with Yaroslavl, Tbilisi, Baku, Sochi, Sevastopol, Voronezh, Kamyshin and Krasnodar, and in 1938 25 new high-frequency stations were immediately put into operation, including stations in such large and strategically important cities as Arkhangelsk, Murmansk , Stalingrad, Sverdlovsk. In 1939, 11 more high-frequency stations were put into operation in Novosibirsk, Tashkent, Chita and a number of other cities. At the same time, an external line equipment room of the Moscow high-frequency station was built in Lyubertsy. By 1940, there were 82 government communications stations operating in the country, which served 325 subscribers throughout the Soviet Union. The longest air trunk line in the world was the Moscow-Khabarovsk line, built in 1939 and with a length of 8,615 kilometers.

Thus, by the end of the 1930s, the organization of the government communications system in the Soviet Union was generally completed. High-frequency communications began to be used to ensure contacts between the country's top leadership and the leaders of the republics, regions and territories of the Soviet Union, the administration of the most important industrial enterprises and other economic facilities, the military command and the leadership of law enforcement agencies.

In the 1930s, Soviet engineers also developed basic methods for automatically classifying telephone conversations. Thus, in 1937, the Krasnaya Zarya plant began producing EC-2 security equipment, developed by engineers K.P. Egorov and G.V. Staritsyn. Then more developed and advanced devices MES-2M and MES-2A, PZh-8, EIS-3 were released. As a result, by the end of the 1930s. with the help of the EC-2 and MEC-2 inverters, it was possible to classify all the main channels of Soviet government communications.

After the arrest of I.Yu. Lawrence, the special communications department of the GUGB NKVD of the USSR was headed by Ivan Yakovlevich Vorobyov (pictured), who previously worked at the Krasnaya Zarya telephone plant, and then in 1931 was recruited into the state security agencies and first served as the chief mechanic of the NKVD automatic telephone exchange, then head of the communications department of the Administrative and Economic Directorate of the NKVD, and only then headed the government communications department. In 1939, Vorobyov was replaced as head of the government communications department by engineer state security captain Mikhail Ilyinsky. He was one of the developers of the MA-3 and EIS-3 equipment. Ivan Vorobyov and Mikhail Ilyinsky were the people under whose leadership the formation and development of domestic government communications was carried out and new stations were put into operation. After the death of Ilyinsky, the government communications department of the NKVD of the USSR in 1941 was again headed by Ivan Vorobyov.

It should be noted that in the second half of the 1930s - early 1940s. There were four structures involved in organizing and managing government communications. Firstly, it was the already mentioned government communications department within the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR. Secondly, it was a department created on the basis of the former communications department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee technical communications Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, which provided telephone services for city government communications in Moscow and the Moscow region, cable network, clocks and cinema in the Kremlin, sound reinforcement during meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Thirdly, its own communications department operated as part of the Main Security Directorate of the NKVD. This unit was responsible for providing government communications in the offices and residences of members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and for sound amplification at party and government ceremonial events. Fourthly, the communications department operated as part of the Administrative and Economic Directorate (AKHOZU) of the NKVD of the USSR and carried out the tasks of providing special communications to the operational units of the NKVD and the city communications station.

During the Great Patriotic War, government communications played a vital role in ensuring operational command and control of troops, government agencies and industrial enterprises, party structures of the country. Without effective government communications, victory over the Nazi invaders would have been significantly difficult. Government communications played a major role in facilitating international negotiations between the leaders of the Soviet state. The years of the Great Patriotic War can rightfully be called the most serious test of the effectiveness of Soviet government communications. The NKVD signalmen coped with the assigned tasks perfectly, although there were numerous problems and difficulties, including administrative ones.

Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Stepanovich Konev recalled:

In general, it must be said that this connection, as they say, was sent to us by God. She helped us out so much that we must pay tribute to both our equipment and our signalmen, who specially provided this high-frequency connection and in any situation literally followed on the heels of the movements of everyone who was supposed to use this connection.

After the victory in the Great Patriotic War further improvement and strengthening of the government communications system in the Soviet country continued. In the 1950s, in particular, international government communication channels were created connecting Moscow and Beijing, the capitals of two key states of the socialist camp. On August 31, 1963, the government communication line between Moscow and Washington began operating - the decision to create it was caused by growing international tensions during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

During the 1970s - 1980s. Research and development continued in the area of increasing the efficiency of government communications. State and party leaders began to be provided with means of communication when moving anywhere in the world, which also required significant efforts from the government communications service.

In parallel with the development of communications itself, the forms of management of government communications bodies were also improved, and the training of personnel was developed. Until the collapse of the USSR, government communications was part of the USSR State Security Committee as the 8th Main Directorate of Government Communications of the KGB of the USSR. To train specialists - officers of the government communications troops, by June 1, 1966, the Military Technical School of the KGB of the USSR was created in the city of Bagrationovsk, Kaliningrad region, and in 1972, due to the need further development systems special education, the school was relocated to Orel and renamed the Oryol Higher Military Command School of Communications, which began training officers with higher education for government communications troops. The duration of study at the school was increased from three to four years.

When the Soviet Union ceased to exist in 1991, the country's government communications system also underwent major changes. In connection with the liquidation of the KGB of the USSR, government communications were separated into a separate structure. On December 24, 1991, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information (FAPSI) was created, which included the former departments of the 8th Main Directorate of Government Communications of the KGB and the 16th Main Directorate of the KGB, which was responsible for electronic intelligence.

Lieutenant General (from 1993 - Colonel General, and from 1998 - Army General) Alexander Vladimirovich Starovoytov, a well-known specialist in the field of government communications, who worked for a long time as an engineer and manager at the country's largest enterprises involved in the development of and production of equipment for government communications needs. FAPSI, as a separate structure responsible for government communications, existed from 1991 to 2003. and was engaged in ensuring government communications, the security of encrypted communications, conducting intelligence activities in the field of encrypted and classified communications, information support authorities of the Russian Federation. The personnel were trained at the Military Institute of Government Communications, which in 2000 was transformed into the FAPSI Academy.

In 2003, FAPSI was abolished, and its functions were distributed between the Federal Security Service, the Foreign Intelligence Service and the Federal Security Service. At the same time, most of the FAPSI divisions, including government communications and the FAPSI Academy, were transferred to the structure of the Federal Security Service. Thus, the Federal Security Service, which includes the Special Communications and Information Service, is currently responsible for government communications in Russia. The head of the SSSI FSO is the deputy director of the Federal Security Service.

In modern conditions, given the constant development of information and communication technologies, the effectiveness of government communications depends on regular improvement and monitoring of the latest trends and developments. At the same time, the human factor continues to play an important role - government communications employees are required to have the highest qualifications, diligence, readiness and ability to keep state secrets.

The Soviet government realized the need to create a system of operational management of the state, its institutions and armed forces almost immediately after the end of the Civil War. However, solving this problem required serious technical modernization of the communications means at the disposal of the Soviet state. Already in 1921, engineers at the radio laboratory of the Moscow Electrosvyaz plant began experiments on organizing multi-channel telephony, which ended in success - three telephone conversations were simultaneously transmitted over the cable line.

Two years later, in 1923, P.V. Shmakov successfully conducted experiments on the simultaneous transmission of telephone conversations at high and low frequencies over a cable line 10 kilometers long. In 1925, the first high-frequency telephony equipment for copper circuits was presented, developed by the team of the Leningrad Scientific Testing Station under the leadership of P.A. Azbukina. By this time, the principle of high-frequency telephony was considered the safest when conducting telephone conversations. Ultimately, it was high-frequency telephony that was approved by the leadership of the Communist Party and the Soviet state as the basis of the public administration system of the Soviet country.

It should be noted that in the second half of the 1930s - early 1940s. There were four structures involved in organizing and managing government communications. Firstly, it was the already mentioned government communications department within the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR. Secondly, it was created on the basis of the former communications department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the technical communications department of the Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, which provided telephone services for city government communications in Moscow and the Moscow region, cable networks, clocks and cinema in the Kremlin, sound reinforcement during meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . Thirdly, its own communications department operated as part of the Main Security Directorate of the NKVD. This unit was responsible for providing government communications in the offices and residences of members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and for sound amplification at party and government ceremonial events. Fourthly, the communications department operated as part of the Administrative and Economic Directorate (AKHOZU) of the NKVD of the USSR and carried out the tasks of providing special communications to the operational units of the NKVD and the city communications station.

During the Great Patriotic War, government communications played a vital role in ensuring operational control of troops, government agencies and industrial enterprises, and party structures of the country. Without effective government communications, victory over the Nazi invaders would have been significantly difficult. Government communications played a major role in facilitating international negotiations between the leaders of the Soviet state. The years of the Great Patriotic War can rightfully be called the most serious test of the effectiveness of Soviet government communications. The NKVD signalmen coped with the assigned tasks perfectly, although there were numerous problems and difficulties, including administrative ones.

Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Stepanovich Konev recalled:

After the victory in the Great Patriotic War, further improvement and strengthening of the government communications system in the Soviet country continued. In the 1950s, in particular, international government communication channels were created connecting Moscow and Beijing, the capitals of two key states of the socialist camp. On August 31, 1963, the government communication line between Moscow and Washington began operating - the decision to create it was caused by growing international tensions during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

In parallel with the development of communications itself, the forms of management of government communications bodies were also improved, and the training of personnel was developed. Until the collapse of the USSR, government communications was part of the USSR State Security Committee as the 8th Main Directorate of Government Communications of the KGB of the USSR. To train specialists - officers of the government communications troops, by June 1, 1966, the Military Technical School of the KGB of the USSR was created in the city of Bagrationovsk, Kaliningrad region, and in 1972, due to the need for further development of the special education system, the school was relocated to Orel and renamed the Oryol Higher Military Command School of Communications, which began training officers with higher education for government communications troops. The duration of study at the school was increased from three to four years.

Lieutenant General (from 1993 - Colonel General, and from 1998 - Army General) Alexander Vladimirovich Starovoytov, a well-known specialist in the field of government communications, who worked for a long time as an engineer and manager at the country's largest enterprises involved in the development of and production of equipment for government communications needs. FAPSI, as a separate structure responsible for government communications, existed from 1991 to 2003. and was engaged in ensuring government communications, the security of encrypted communications, conducting intelligence activities in the field of encrypted and classified communications, and information support for the authorities of the Russian Federation. The personnel were trained at the Military Institute of Government Communications, which in 2000 was transformed into the FAPSI Academy.