Formulation components:
Complex sentence consists of several parts. It is important to understand the boundary between them. You can pose a question from the main to the subordinate clause. Since task A6 uses attributive clauses, they are most often attached with the word which in one of the forms. It is important to understand what this word refers to.
Separate definition. The definition is what you underline with a wavy line (if you want a more scientific explanation, look it up in the textbook). Isolated means separated by commas.
^ Participial is a participle with dependent words: "flying low over the parapet".
With each proposal you need to do exactly what is asked in the task. How? Very simple.
1) Determine the boundaries of the parts of a complex sentence.
2) Find a connecting word (usually "which") at the beginning of the subordinate clause and determine what it refers to and whether it acts as a subject.
3) Try to replace the subordinate clause with a participial phrase: the allied word must be discarded, and the verb must be replaced with a participle and all dependent words must be agreed with it.
Example analysis
1) 1 French words and expressions, 2 which penetrate into the Russian language, 1 are called Gallicisms.
The main thing is divided into two parts. 2nd part - subordinate clause: "which penetrate the Russian language". Word "which" refers to the object in the main part ( "French words and expressions"). Therefore transformation is possible. The modified sentence reads: "French words and expressions,penetrating to Russian , are called gallicisms". There is only one part in this sentence. Fragment "penetrating into the Russian language"- this is a separate definition that answers the question “which ones?”
2) 1 Environment Wednesday, 2 wherein there are living organisms 1 constantly changing.
Again, the attributive clause is inserted inside the main clause. Replacement is not possible here! Why? See “tip number 1”, it is also the key to the task. In the second part, your object ( "organisms") - not the one in the main clause ( "environment"). No matter how you turn it, nothing will work out. "The environment that exists..." Does not work. After all, it is not the environment that “exists,” but the organisms. This is the option that needs to be written down in the answer (cross out the second box on the form).
^ You CANNOT change:
If the predicate is in a subordinate clause expressed by a verb in the future tense. Reason: There cannot be a future participle. Example: "The broker who firstwill feel change of trend..."
If the subordinate clause contains an impersonal construction. Example: "Here are the rules thatmust be remembered ".
If the conjunctive word is in the V. case with a preposition or in the R., D., T., P. case (with or without a preposition). Example: "Painting,behind which hunted by the police, finally surfaced on the black market." (one cannot say: Painting, hunted by the police,...) At the same time, it must be borne in mind that if the allied word is used in RP with a verb with negation, then replacement is possible! However, such sentences are extremely rare in modern language. Example: "The treasure thatWow (R.P.) andNot found by pirates, lying calmly under a spreading sequoia tree" > "Treasure never found by pirates..."
If the main part contains a demonstrative pronoun (e.g. “that”, “those”, etc.) + a noun associated with a conjunctive word (“which”): "He saw on the tableThat mostenvelope , which was delivered the day before"(it would be stylistically incorrect to say "the same envelope delivered the day before").
If after the predicate in the subordinate clause there is a particlewould . Example: "Among the sailors there was not one whowould agree go out to sea again in this weather."
1. The rowers, who had previously worked energetically with their oars, seemed to have doubled their strength.
2.And all the ships that met our boat sounded three welcoming whistles.
3. The cargo was sent to Vologda, which became the headquarters of the Northern Army.
index words. Distinguish between allied words and conjunctions in subordinate clauses.
1.Everyone who was in the North in summer will forever remember the white nights. 2. With whom are those hearts with which life was lit? Where are those friends whom you helped? 3.But the sky is high and full above those who live hard. 4. And the fact that I did not live in vain and that it was not in vain that those who follow me will prove perfectly by their own fate. 5. A good person is the one around whom I can breathe easier. 6. Anyone who saw her for the first time experienced amazement.
there should be several sentences
Late at night, tired and excited, my mother put me to bed in my grandmother’s deep feather beds.
2. Find the application:
There are many of them, spring puddles, large and small, shallow and deeper.
3. Find isolated definitions:
For them, strong in spirit, brave and bold, the sea was their home.
I don't know where the line is between comrade and friend.
Here is a clearing where, between two streams, I recently picked porcini mushrooms.
I wanted to go to a place where I could calmly indulge in my thoughts.
I don't know when this will be.
We get to know friends and loved ones at an hour when trouble threatens.
People stop thinking when they stop reading.
When dusk came we had to return home.
Pushkin writes that Tatyana “seemed like a stranger in her own family.”
A boat approaching the shore was spotted by border guards.
The offensive proceeded as planned at headquarters.
The sailing ship was far from the shore and was heading to where the sea and sky merged into blue infinity.
Mark these statements with a + or - sign (if you agree with the statement - plus, if not, then put a minus
No. Approval +
1. A complex sentence consists of two simple sentences
2. A complex sentence includes a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
3. Simple sentences within a complex sentence are always equal.
4. The subordinate clause is connected to the main clause by a coordinating or subordinating connection.
5. Subordinating conjunctions or allied words act as means of communication in a complex sentence.
6. Conjunctive words answer questions and perform a syntactic role.
7. Subordinate clauses in complex sentences, depending on their meaning, are divided into explanatory, attributive, and adverbial.
8. The type of subordinate clause is determined by the conjunction or allied word.
9. The type of subordinate clause is determined by the question posed by the main clause.
10. The main clause from the subordinate clause in writing is usually separated by a comma, and in oral speech by a pause.
11. In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, there may be the following types of subordination: homogeneous, parallel and sequential.
12. In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, there may be the following types of subordination: coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive.
“Lesson Isolated Definitions” - Can we say that common agreed upon definitions are always isolated? CARD No. 1. The grass, bent by the blows of the wind and rain, lay on the ground. – The grass, bent by the blows of the wind and rain, lay on the ground. Agreed and inconsistent definitions, semantic segment, common and single definitions, isolated and non-isolated definitions, emphatic punctuation marks.
“Lesson Isolated members of a sentence” - The snow creaked and sang, squealing under the runners. Match the conditions for isolating sentence members with examples. Theory + practice. The horses snored, spreading their gray, frost-covered manes. Complex work with literary text: The fields were endless, and only a strip of forest darkened far on the horizon. The snow creaked and squealed under the runners.
“Isolated members of a sentence” - 6. Among sentences 19-23, find a sentence with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase. 1. Among sentences 1-5, find a sentence with a separate common definition. 7. Among sentences 19-23, find a sentence with isolated single definitions. 5. Among sentences 13-19, indicate a sentence with a separate circumstance.
“Separate definitions” - What does the isolation of definitions depend on? Let's test ourselves! What problems do we need to solve? A huge sun, dim and orange, sinks into a rapidly growing cloud. Let's check ourselves? What conclusions can be drawn? Definition Answers the questions: which one? whose? which? What are our goals? Separate agreed definitions.
“SPP with subordinate clauses” - Sequential Parallel Homogeneous. Main. Which? SPP with two subordinate clauses 1) time 2) reason With a parallel subordinating connection. For what? When? Write down the sentence, arrange it. etc., determine the type of subordination, the meaning of subordinate clauses. I thought that the sky would collapse, that a tornado would fly in from somewhere.
“Isolated members” - Left alone, Alyosha began to examine the hall with attention (A. Pogorelsky). A. Participial phrase. There is a church there, unlike any of the previous ones (S. Borodin). 1. The application refers to the personal pronoun. Determine the reason for segregating the application. 2. The application is common, refers to a proper name and comes after the word being defined.
Russian language lesson in 11th grade “Isolated definitions”
Lesson type: combined
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
generalization and systematization of knowledge on the topic: “Isolation of common and non-common definitions”
familiarization with the rules for replacing the subordinate part of an NGN with a participial phrase
formation of skills:
1) highlight intonationally isolated members;
2) carry out synonymous replacement of isolated members;
3) correctly use punctuation marks for isolated members;
4) correctly replace the subordinate part of a complex sentence with a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase
monitoring and evaluation of knowledge on this topic
expanding students' horizons when completing assignments
Educational:
activation of independent activities
development of cognitive activity
development of skills to express one’s thoughts logically and competently
formation of the need to express one’s own opinion
Educational:
communication skills education
instilling a culture of communication
nurturing interest in the subject
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
II. Teacher's word
Good afternoon guys. In this lesson, we will have to repeat the conditions for isolating definitions. In addition, we will get acquainted with the rules for replacing the subordinate part of a complex sentence with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase, and we will practice skills on this topic.
III . Repetition of previously studied material
1)Group work(at the board and on the spot). Separate and non-separate definitions.
Exercise: Graphically explain the conditions for choosing spellings and punctograms.
Dark (blue..) mountain peaks, pitted with wrinkles and covered with layers of snow, were depicted on the pale sky..slope...
Attracted by the light, butterflies flew and circled around the lantern.
(Dark blue (compound adjective, denotes color, written with a hyphen) peaks mountains, rice ova lis (drawn; suffix –ova-) on a pale sky O slope e. (o- connecting vowel; -e - ending; P.p., 2 cl.)
(prefix pri-, unclear meaning, you need to remember; after the hissing participle under stress in the suffix, е is written)|, butterflies arrived ( prefix at-, approximation value) and circled around the lantern.
In what other cases are definitions separated? Give examples with non-isolated definitions.
2. Drawing up proposals based on schemes.
Exercise: Indicate the type of subordinate complex sentences: defining, explanatory, adverbial.
[...noun], (which...).
[... ch.], (conjunction that...).
[…decree. sl. there], (conjunctive word where...).
1) attributive clause 2) explanatory clause 3) adverbial clause
What questions do relative clauses answer? Which word does it refer to?
3 . Synonymous replacement of isolated members with attributive clauses (orally)
Exercise: replace common definitions (participial phrases) with subordinate attributive clauses connected to the main clauses with a conjunctive word which.
The dark blue peaks of the mountains, pitted with wrinkles and covered with layers of snow, were drawn against the pale sky.
Butterflies, which were attracted by the light, flew in and circled around the lantern.
IV. Posting new material
1. Teacher's word
In KIMs in part A (A 28) there is a task for the synonymous replacement of the subordinate part of a complex sentence with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase.
This replacement is advisable for conciseness, conciseness of speech, for giving the statement a bookish style, for avoiding repetition of the word which and for eliminating ambiguity in sentences in some cases.
2. Introduction to theory
Can be replaced by a participial phrase
Cannot be replaced by a participial phrase
1.If the pronoun which is subject, can be replaced by active or passive participle (Chorus of bird voices,which came from the forest, struck my ears. - The chorus of bird voices coming from the forest struck my ears).
2. If the pronoun which is a minor member of the sentence, can be replaced provided that before the word which there is no preposition, and the predicate in the subordinate clause is expressed by a transitive verb. (She gave me a shard from a vase thatfound in the garden. - (She gave me a shard from a vase found in the garden).
3. Can be replaced if the predicate in the subordinate clause is expressed by a verb in the past tense. (Employees whocoped those who work before the deadline will receive bonuses. - Employees who complete the job before the deadline will receive bonuses.)
1. It cannot be replaced if the predicate in the subordinate clause is expressed by a verb in the form of the future tense. (Employees whowill cope with work before the deadline will be awarded.)
2. It cannot be replaced if the predicate in the subordinate clause is expressed as an adjective or noun. (The boys were afraid of the janitor, who was veryangry .)
3. Cannot be substituted when the subordinate clause is an impersonal clause. (There are people around us whom we should protect.)
4. You cannot replace a subordinate clause with a participial phrase if there is a preposition before the conjunctive word. (The road along which the wounded were transported was very bumpy.)
5. It is impossible to replace the subordinate clause with a participial phrase if the predicate contains a particle would(the participle is not used with a particle - it does not have a mood like a verb ). (We do not have the right to submit for examination a project that would call objections.)
6. You cannot replace a subordinate clause with a participial phrase if the subordinate clause is attached using a demonstrative pronoun contained in the main clause. (Yegor Petrovich was the personificationthose empty people who talk about politics and sugar prices).
V. Consolidation of the studied material
1) Group work(at the board and on the spot).
Exercise: Explain graphically orthograms and punctograms . In which sentence can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase? Which one is possible? Why?
1. The river, (in) the length of which we walked, (in) the flow... made many bends, every now and then it turned sharply, now (to) the left, then (to) the right.
along(derived preposition)
did (where? in what?) during (ending -i; noun in pp., on -i)
to the left (adverb, root -lev-, written together)
to the right (adverb, root -right-, written together)
(The subordinate part of a complex sentence cannot be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase - there is a preposition before the conjunctive word along).
2. The trees, near which we were located, stood alone in the middle of an open field, which was sowed with rhinestones and buckwheat.
Explanation of spellings and punctograms:
Raspo lO and or - a letter is written O before a consonant and
inh embroidered - at the end of the console we write h, because it comes before a voiceless consonant
in advance In o - short participle
face b yu – soft separating sign before Yu
(the 1st subordinate part of a complex sentence cannot be replaced with a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase - there is a preposition before the conjunctive word near, The 2nd subordinate clause of a complex sentence is possible.)
Why are two letters n written in the word sown?(Full passive participle)
2. Development of skills in determining the possibility/impossibility of replacement the subordinate part of a complex sentence with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase. (The work is done orally along the chain; a printed assignment with examples is given to students).
Exercise: In what sentences can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase? Which ones are possible? Why?
3. Independent work
In which sentence can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a participial phrase?
[He had exactly That mind] (which women like).
[I know the land], ( V which everything breathes abundantly).
[We turned onto the road] (which led to the river).
[The children approached the pine tree], (which it was hard not to notice among the fir trees).
[Take the book] (which is on the top shelf).
[Lesok, ( V where the massacre was to take place) was located a quarter of a mile from Hanau].
[Paintings (which it will be possible to stick instead of wallpaper on the walls), they put them in piles on the table].
[She dreamed About], (what an interesting life she will have after marriage).
[In my entire life I have never met a person] (who would say), (that the sea does not like).
[In the forest (which darkened in the distance), only pine trees grew].
Answers: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
VI. Lesson summary:
What did you expect from the lesson and what happened? Compare your preliminary goals and the results actually achieved.
What feelings and sensations did you have while working in class?
What is the main result of the lesson, and how was it achieved?
What difficulties did you encounter and how did you overcome them?
VII. Homework: Complete the tasks given on the cards. (Cards are distributed to each student).
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Slide captions:
Getting ready for the Unified State Exam A6 (Syntactic norms. Replacing the subordinate clause in the SPP with a separate definition)
What you need to know for this: 1. What is an SPP (complex sentence); 2. Types of subordinate clauses (explanatory, defining, adverbial); 3. What is a separate definition. In which sentence can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase?
This is a complex sentence, which consists of two or more unequal clauses: the main and dependent (subordinate clause, which depends on the main); Depending on the question asked of the subordinate clause, these sentences are divided into three groups: and explanatory sentences (we ask questions of indirect cases - from whom, to what, about whom); o limitative sentences (we ask questions of definitions - which, whose, which); o adverbial sentences (we ask questions of circumstances - where, where, why, how much). What is an IPP (complex sentence)
Yegorushka, in the hope that the cloud was passing by, looked out of the mat. (SPP with a subordinate attributive). We knew that Petka brought only two crucian carp, but we were silent. (NGN with an explanatory clause). Only sometimes, when it came to talking about the fronts, the stranger fell silent. (SPP with an adverbial clause). Examples
A separate definition is a definition that is distinguished by intonation and in writing by commas. Definitions answer the questions WHAT? WHICH? WHICH? WHICH? etc. Definitions can be CONSENTED or UNAGREED. AGREED definitions can be expressed: 1. participial phrase: A path overgrown with grass led to the river. 2. adjective with dependent words: Pleased with his successes, he told me about them. 3. single adjective or participle: Happy, he told me about his successes. Tired, the tourists decided to abandon the repeated ascent. 4. homogeneous single adjectives: Night, cloudy and foggy, enveloped the earth. What is a separate definition
1) It is impossible to replace with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase, those subordinate clauses in which the conjunctive word WHICH is used with various prepositions (in which, with which, about which, with which, etc.). For example: “The Idiot” is a novel IN WHICH Dostoevsky’s creative principles are fully embodied. Comment: we cannot replace the subordinate clause with a participial phrase, because the conjunction word WHICH is used with the preposition B. To complete the task correctly, you need to know the following rules:
2) It is impossible to replace with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase, those subordinate clauses in which the verb is used in the form of the conditional mood. This is due to the fact that the participle does not have forms of the conditional mood. For example: He was waiting for words from her that he WOULD LIKE to hear. Comment: we cannot make the necessary replacement because... the verb in the subordinate clause is used in the form of the conditional mood, and, as is known, the participle denotes the attribute of an object by an action that is happening or happened in the present or future tense in reality.
3) It is impossible to replace with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase, those subordinate clauses in which the verb is used in the future tense. This is due to the fact that the participle does not have future tense forms. For example: But there is a person in the world who will UNDERSTAND me! The coming third technological revolution, which will CHANGE the very nature of work, will be based on the power of human mental activity. Comment: we cannot make the necessary replacement because... the verb in the subordinate clause is used in the future tense.
4) It is impossible to replace a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase with a subordinate attributive if the main part of the SPP contains a demonstrative pronoun (such, such, such, such, that, that, that, those). For example: Already in Dostoevsky’s early works, SUCH features of realism were revealed that distinguished him from the circle of writers of the natural school. Grushnitsky is one of THOSE people who have ready-made pompous phrases for all occasions. Comment: we cannot make the necessary replacement because... in the main part demonstrative pronouns are used such, those.
5) It is impossible to replace a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase with a subordinate attributive if the subordinate part is an impersonal sentence. For example: Close relatives are people whom we should respect. Russian scientists propose placing microwave stations on the Moon that can be powered by electricity from solar panels. 6) It is impossible to replace a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase, with a subordinate attributive; the subjects (action producers) in the main and subordinate clauses are not equal to each other: For example: Soon the house in which they lived for many years completely sank and collapsed. All the strings that the author controls in his own way are in the hearts of the readers.
1. There is a tradition: climbers who reach the top leave a note about themselves as evidence of their achievement. 2. It indicates the leader and members of the group, the route along which the climb took place, the date and time. 3. The note is placed in a place that is protected from wind and precipitation. 4. The name of the organizer is engraved on the monument in honor of the famous ascent, but his companion, who also climbed to the top, was forgotten. Answer: 2 (because the conjunctive word in the subordinate clause was not a subject). In which sentence can the subordinate part of a complex sentence not be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase?
1. The ships managed to avoid storms that the sailors, exhausted from a long voyage, could not withstand. 2. Their path ran past numerous islands of Polynesia, which were surrounded by greenery. 3. The sailors had not yet recovered from the shock caused by the death of Magellan when a new misfortune arrived. 4. After 20 years of searching, the strait was finally discovered, which was later named after Magellan. Answer: 1 (because the conjunctive word in the subordinate clause was not a subject, besides, the verb could be in the conditional mood, and there are no participles of the conditional mood.) In which sentence the subordinate part of a complex sentence cannot be replaced by a separate definition expressed by a participial phrase?
1. The dive to a depth of 940 meters, which remained a record for a long time, took place on August 19, 1934. 2. Saber-toothed fish, whose scales shimmered with copper, sometimes slowly swam past the bathysphere in the beams of a spotlight. 3. There were fish that were flat, like soles, and clumsily followed their path. 4. Scientists under water met with a huge number of new species, completely different from the pathetic specimens that were brought aboard in a disfigured form. Answer: 2 (because the conjunctive word in the subordinate clause was not a subject. It seems that one could say cast copper, but in the original sentence it was not about fish, but about scales.) In which sentence the subordinate part of a complex sentence cannot be replaced with a separate definition, expressed participial phrase?
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