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COMMENTS ON ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS (2019) Current in 2018

PBU 4/99

The accounting regulation “Accounting statements of an organization” PBU 4/99 is the result of a revision of the “old” PBU 4/96, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02/08/96 N 10. The regulation establishes the composition, content and methodological basis for the formation of financial statements of organizations, being legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation, except for credit and budget organizations.

The composition of financial statements and the requirements for them (reliability and completeness of the information presented) remained unchanged.

It has been added that when preparing financial statements, the organization must ensure the neutrality of information, i.e., unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of reporting users in front of each other is excluded.

If, when preparing financial statements, the application of the rules set out in PBU 4/99 does not allow one to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization in exceptional cases may deviate from these rules.

the section “Non-current assets” includes the group “Income-generating investments in tangible assets”; the "Losses" section is excluded from the balance sheet asset. An uncovered loss reduces the total of the “Capital and Reserves” section of the balance sheet liability.

In the balance sheet, the assets and liabilities of the organization must be presented as divided into short-term and long-term, depending on the maturity period.

Assets and liabilities are presented as short-term if their maturity (maturity) does not exceed 12 months after the reporting date or the duration of the operating cycle (if it exceeds 12 months). All other assets and liabilities are presented as non-current.

The balance sheet must include numerical indicators in a net valuation, that is, minus regulatory values, which must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account.

In the profit and loss statement, income and expenses must be shown divided into ordinary and extraordinary, which is explained by the introduction of these items in PBU 9/99 and PBU 10/99.

Additional information that must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement includes information about events after the reporting date and contingent facts of economic activity (based on the requirements of PBU 7/98 and PBU 8/98); about discontinued operations; about affiliated persons; on government aid and earnings per share.

PBU 4/99 abolishes the obligation to submit a report from the executive body of the organization along with the financial statements. is called intermediate, and not periodic, as before.

ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS "ACCOUNTING REPORTS OF AN ORGANIZATION" (PBU 4/99)
Approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 07.06.99 N 43n (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 09.18.2006 N 115n, 08.11.2010 No. 142n)

I. General provisions

1. These Regulations establish the composition, content and methodological basis for the preparation of financial statements of organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation, except for credit organizations and state (municipal) institutions.

2. The provision does not apply when preparing reports developed by an organization for internal purposes, reports compiled for state statistical observation, reporting information submitted to a credit organization in accordance with its requirements, and compilation of reporting information for other special purposes, if the rules for the preparation of such reports and information does not provide for the use of this Regulation.

3. These Regulations are applied by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation when establishing:
standard forms of financial statements and instructions on the procedure for preparing statements;
simplified procedure for preparing financial statements for small businesses and non-profit organizations;
features of the formation of consolidated financial statements;
features of the formation of financial statements in cases of reorganization or liquidation of an organization;
features of the formation of financial statements by insurance organizations, non-state pension funds, professional participants in the securities market and other organizations in the field of financial intermediation;
procedure for publishing financial statements.

II. Definitions
4. For the purposes of these Regulations, the concepts below mean the following:
accounting statements - a unified system of data on the property and financial position of an organization and the results of its economic activities, compiled on the basis of accounting data in established forms;
reporting period - the period for which the organization must prepare financial statements;
reporting date - the date as of which the organization must prepare financial statements;
user - a legal or natural person interested in information about the organization.

III. Composition of financial statements and general requirements for them

5. Accounting statements consist of a balance sheet, a profit and loss statement, appendices thereto and an explanatory note (hereinafter, the appendices to the balance sheet and profit and loss report and the explanatory note are referred to as explanatory notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss report), and also an auditor’s report confirming the reliability of the organization’s financial statements, if they are subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal laws.

6. Accounting statements must provide a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Financial statements prepared on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete.
If, when preparing financial statements based on the rules of these Regulations, an organization reveals that there is insufficient data to form a complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization includes relevant additional indicators and explanations in the financial statements.
If, when preparing financial statements, the application of the rules of these Regulations does not allow one to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization in exceptional cases (for example, nationalization of property) may deviate from these rules.

7. When preparing financial statements, the organization must ensure the neutrality of the information contained in it, i.e. unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements over others is excluded.
Information is not neutral if, through selection or presentation, it influences the decisions and evaluations of users to achieve predetermined results or consequences.

8. The organization’s financial statements must include performance indicators for all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets).

9. When drawing up the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and explanations thereto, the organization must adhere to its accepted content and form consistently from one reporting period to another.
Changes to the accepted content and form of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and explanations thereto are permitted in exceptional cases, for example, when the type of activity changes. The organization must provide confirmation of the validity of each such change. A significant change must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement together with the reasons for the change.

10. For each numerical indicator of the financial statements, except for the report prepared for the first reporting period, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting year and the one preceding the reporting year.
If the data for the period preceding the reporting period are not comparable with the data for the reporting period, then the first of these data are subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting. Each material adjustment must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement along with the reasons for the adjustment.

11. Items of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and other separate forms of financial statements that, in accordance with accounting provisions, are subject to disclosure and for which there are no numerical values ​​of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and other indicators, are crossed out (in standard forms ) or are not provided (in forms developed independently and in the explanatory note).
Indicators about individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions should be presented separately in the financial statements if they are significant and if without knowledge of them by interested users it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.
Indicators about certain types of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions may be presented in the balance sheet or profit and loss statement in a total amount with disclosure in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, if each of these indicators individually is not significant for assessments by interested users of the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

12. For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is considered to be the last calendar day of the reporting period.

13. When preparing financial statements for the reporting year, the reporting year is the calendar year from January 1 to December 31 inclusive.
The first reporting year for newly created organizations is considered to be the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations created after October 1 - to December 31 of the following year.

14. Each component part of the financial statements provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations must contain the following data: name of the component part; indication of the reporting date or reporting period for which the financial statements were prepared; name of the organization indicating its organizational and legal form; format for presenting numerical indicators of financial statements.

15. Accounting statements must be prepared in Russian.

16. Accounting statements must be prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation.

17. Accounting statements are signed by the head and chief accountant (accountant) of the organization.
In organizations where accounting is carried out on a contractual basis by a specialized organization (centralized accounting department) or a specialist accountant, the financial statements are signed by the head of the organization and the head of the specialized organization (centralized accounting department) or by a specialist conducting accounting.

18. The balance sheet must characterize the financial position of the organization as of the reporting date.

19. In the balance sheet, assets and liabilities should be presented with a division depending on the maturity period (maturity) into short-term and long-term. Assets and liabilities are presented as short-term if their maturity (maturity) period is no more than 12 months after the reporting date or the duration of the operating cycle, if it exceeds 12 months. All other assets and liabilities are presented as non-current.

20. The balance sheet must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

21. The profit and loss statement must characterize the financial results of the organization for the reporting period.

22. In the income statement, income and expenses must be shown with a division into ordinary and other.

23. The profit and loss statement must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

Proceeds from the sale of goods, products, works, services minus value added tax, excise taxes, etc. taxes and obligatory payments (net - revenue)
Cost of goods, products, works, services sold (except for commercial and administrative expenses)
Gross profit
Business expenses
Administrative expenses
Profit/loss from sales
Interest receivable
Percentage to be paid
Income from participation in other organizations
Other income
other expenses
Profit/loss before tax
Income tax and other similar mandatory payments
Profit/loss from ordinary activities

Net profit (retained earnings
(uncovered loss)

24. The notes to the balance sheet and income statement should disclose information relevant to the entity's accounting policies and provide users with additional information that is not appropriate to include in the balance sheet and income statement, but which is necessary for users of the financial statements to make a realistic assessment. the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position.

25. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement must indicate that the financial statements were prepared by the organization based on the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation, except in cases where the organization made deviations from these rules when preparing the financial statements in accordance with paragraph 6 of these Regulations.
Significant deviations must be disclosed in the financial statements, indicating the reasons that caused these deviations, as well as the effect that these deviations had on understanding the state of the financial position of the organization, reflecting the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. The organization must provide confirmation of the assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of deviations from the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation.

26. The procedure for disclosing the accounting policies of an organization is established by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policies of an Organization” (PBU 1/08)

27. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss account must disclose the following additional information:
on the presence at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of intangible assets;
on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of fixed assets;
on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement of leased fixed assets during the reporting period;
on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of financial investments;
on the existence of certain types of receivables at the beginning and end of the reporting period;
on changes in the capital (authorized, reserve, additional, etc.) of the organization;
on the number of shares issued by the joint-stock company and fully paid; the number of shares issued but not paid or partially paid; par value of shares owned by the joint-stock company, its subsidiaries and affiliates;
on the composition of reserves for future expenses and payments, estimated reserves, their availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period, the movement of funds from each reserve during the reporting period;
on the existence of certain types of accounts payable at the beginning and end of the reporting period;
on sales volumes of products, goods, works, services by type (industry) of activity and geographic markets (activity);
on the composition of production costs (distribution costs);
on the composition of other income and expenses;
(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 115n)
about extraordinary facts of economic activity and their consequences;
about any issued and received security for the organization’s obligations and payments;
about events after the reporting date and contingent facts of economic activity; about discontinued operations; about affiliated persons; on state aid; about earnings per share.

28. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement disclose information in the form of separate reporting forms (cash flow statement, statement of changes in capital, etc.) and in the form of an explanatory note.
The item in the balance sheet and income statement to which explanations are provided must indicate such disclosure.

29. The financial statements must disclose data on cash flows in the reporting period, characterizing the availability, receipt and expenditure of funds in the organization.
The cash flow statement must characterize changes in the financial position of the organization in the context of current, investing and financing activities.
The cash flow statement must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

Cash balance at the beginning of the reporting period
Funds received - total
including:
from the sale of products, goods, works and services
from the sale of fixed assets and other property
advances received from buyers (customers)
budgetary allocations and other targeted funding
credits and loans received
dividends, interest on financial investments
other supply
Funds sent - total
including:
to pay for goods, works, services
for wages
for contributions to state extra-budgetary funds
for issuing advances
for financial investments
for payment of dividends, interest on securities
for budget calculations
to pay interest on loans received
other payments, transfers
Cash balance at the end of the reporting period.

30. Business partnerships and companies, as part of their financial statements, must disclose information about the presence and changes in the authorized (share) capital, reserve capital and other components of the organization’s capital.
The statement of changes in capital must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

The amount of capital at the beginning of the reporting period
Capital increase - total
including:
through additional issue of shares
due to property revaluation
due to property growth
due to reorganization of a legal entity (merger, accession)
at the expense of income that, in accordance with accounting rules and
statements relate directly to the increase in capital
Reduction of capital - total
including:
by reducing the par value of shares
by reducing the number of shares
due to the reorganization of a legal entity (division, spin-off)
due to expenses that, in accordance with the rules of accounting and reporting, are directly included in the reduction of capital
The amount of capital at the end of the reporting period.

31. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement must disclose (if these data are not included in the information accompanying the accounting report):
legal address of the organization:
main activities;
average annual number of employees for the reporting period or number of employees as of the reporting date;
composition (names and positions) of members of the organization’s executive and control bodies.

VII. Rules for evaluating financial statements items

32. When assessing the items in the financial statements, the organization must ensure compliance with the assumptions and requirements provided for by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policies of the Organization” (PBU 1/98).

33. The balance sheet data at the beginning of the reporting period must be comparable with the balance sheet data for the period preceding the reporting period (taking into account the reorganization carried out, as well as changes related to the application of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policies of the Organization”).

34. In the financial statements, offsets between items of assets and liabilities, items of profit and loss are not allowed, except in cases where such offset is provided for by the relevant accounting provisions.

35. The balance sheet must include numerical indicators in a net valuation, i.e. minus regulatory values, which must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account.

36. The rules for evaluating individual items of financial statements are established by the relevant accounting provisions.

37. In case of deviation from the rules provided for in paragraphs 32 - 35 of these Regulations, significant deviations must be disclosed in the explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, along with an indication of the reasons that caused these deviations and the effect that these deviations had on understanding state of the financial position of the organization, reflection of the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position.

38. Items in the financial statements prepared for the reporting year must be supported by the results of the inventory of assets and liabilities.

VIII. Information accompanying financial statements

39. An organization may provide additional information accompanying financial statements if the executive body considers it useful for interested users when making economic decisions. It reveals the dynamics of the most important economic and financial indicators of the organization’s activities over a number of years; planned development of the organization; expected capital and long-term financial investments; policy regarding borrowings, risk management; activities of the organization in the field of research and development work; environmental protection measures; other information.
Additional information, if necessary, can be presented in the form of analytical tables, graphs and diagrams.
When disclosing additional information, for example, environmental measures, the main activities carried out and planned by the organization in the field of environmental protection, the impact of these activities on the level of long-term investments and profitability in the reporting year, characteristics of the financial consequences for future periods, data on payments for violation of environmental legislation are provided. , environmental payments and payments for natural resources, current environmental protection costs and the degree of their impact on the financial results of the organization.

IX. Audit of financial statements

40. In cases provided for by federal laws, financial statements are subject to mandatory audit.

41. The final part of the auditor’s report issued based on the results of the mandatory audit of financial statements must be attached to these statements.

X. Publicity of financial statements

42. Accounting statements are open to users - founders (participants), investors, credit institutions, creditors, buyers, suppliers, etc. The organization must provide an opportunity for users to familiarize themselves with the accounting statements.

43. The organization is obliged to ensure the submission of annual financial statements to each founder (participant) within the time limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

44. The organization is obliged to submit financial statements in one copy (free of charge) to the state statistics body and to other addresses provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, within the time limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

45. In cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the organization publishes its financial statements along with the final part of the audit report.

46. ​​Publication of financial statements is carried out no later than June 1 of the year following the reporting year, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

47. The date of submission of financial statements for an organization is considered to be the day of its mailing or the day of its actual transfer by ownership.
If the date of submission of financial statements falls on a non-working day (weekend), then the deadline for submission of financial statements is considered to be the first working day following it.

XI. Interim financial statements

48. The organization must prepare interim financial statements for the month, quarter on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

49. Interim financial statements consist of a balance sheet and a profit and loss account, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation or the founders (participants) of the organization.

50. General requirements for interim financial statements, the content of its components, and the rules for evaluating items are determined in accordance with these Regulations.

51. The organization must prepare interim financial statements no later than 30 days after the end of the reporting period, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

52. Presentation and publication of interim financial statements are carried out in cases and in the manner provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation or the constituent documents of the organization.

I. General provisions

1. These Regulations establish the composition, content and methodological basis for the preparation of financial statements of organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation, except for credit organizations and state (municipal) institutions. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 8, 2010 N 142n)

2. The provision does not apply when preparing reports developed by an organization for internal purposes, reports compiled for state statistical observation, reporting information submitted to a credit organization in accordance with its requirements, and compilation of reporting information for other special purposes, if the rules for the preparation of such reports and information does not provide for the use of this Regulation.

3. These Regulations are applied by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation when establishing:

standard forms of financial statements and instructions on the procedure for preparing statements;

simplified procedure for preparing financial statements for small businesses and non-profit organizations;

features of the formation of consolidated financial statements;

features of the formation of financial statements in cases of reorganization or liquidation of an organization;

features of the formation of financial statements by insurance organizations, non-state pension funds, professional participants in the securities market and other organizations in the field of financial intermediation;

procedure for publishing financial statements.

II. Definitions

4. For the purposes of these Regulations, the concepts below mean the following:

accounting statements - a unified system of data on the property and financial position of an organization and the results of its economic activities, compiled on the basis of accounting data in established forms;

reporting period - the period for which the organization must prepare financial statements;

reporting date - the date as of which the organization must prepare financial statements;

user - a legal or natural person interested in information about the organization.

III. Composition of financial statements and general requirements for them

5. Accounting statements consist of a balance sheet, a profit and loss statement, appendices thereto and an explanatory note (hereinafter, the appendices to the balance sheet and profit and loss report and the explanatory note are referred to as explanatory notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss report), and also an auditor’s report confirming the reliability of the organization’s financial statements, if they are subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal laws.

6. Accounting statements must provide a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Financial statements prepared on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete.

If, when preparing financial statements based on the rules of these Regulations, an organization reveals that there is insufficient data to form a complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization includes relevant additional indicators and explanations in the financial statements.

If, when preparing financial statements, the application of the rules of these Regulations does not allow one to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization in exceptional cases (for example, nationalization of property) may deviate from these rules.

7. When preparing financial statements, the organization must ensure the neutrality of the information contained in it, i.e. unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements over others is excluded.

Information is not neutral if, through selection or presentation, it influences the decisions and evaluations of users to achieve predetermined results or consequences.

8. The organization’s financial statements must include performance indicators for all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets).

9. When drawing up the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and explanations thereto, the organization must adhere to its accepted content and form consistently from one reporting period to another.

Changes to the accepted content and form of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and explanations thereto are permitted in exceptional cases, for example, when the type of activity changes. The organization must provide confirmation of the validity of each such change. A significant change must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement together with the reasons for the change.

10. For each numerical indicator of the financial statements, except for the report prepared for the first reporting period, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting year and the one preceding the reporting year.

If the data for the period preceding the reporting period are not comparable with the data for the reporting period, then the first of these data are subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting. Each material adjustment must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement along with the reasons for the adjustment.

11. Items of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and other separate forms of financial statements that, in accordance with accounting provisions, are subject to disclosure and for which there are no numerical values ​​of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and other indicators, are crossed out (in standard forms ) or are not provided (in forms developed independently and in the explanatory note).

Indicators about individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions should be presented separately in the financial statements if they are significant and if without knowledge of them by interested users it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

Indicators about certain types of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions may be presented in the balance sheet or profit and loss statement in a total amount with disclosure in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, if each of these indicators individually is not significant for assessments by interested users of the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

12. For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is considered to be the last calendar day of the reporting period.

13. When preparing financial statements for the reporting year, the reporting year is the calendar year from January 1 to December 31 inclusive.

The first reporting year for newly created organizations is considered to be the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations created after October 1 - to December 31 of the following year.

14. Each component part of the financial statements provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations must contain the following data: name of the component part; indication of the reporting date or reporting period for which the financial statements were prepared; name of the organization indicating its organizational and legal form; format for presenting numerical indicators of financial statements.

15. Accounting statements must be prepared in Russian.

16. Accounting statements must be prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation.

17. Accounting statements are signed by the head and chief accountant (accountant) of the organization.

In organizations where accounting is carried out on a contractual basis by a specialized organization (centralized accounting department) or a specialist accountant, the financial statements are signed by the head of the organization and the head of the specialized organization (centralized accounting department) or by a specialist conducting accounting.

18. The balance sheet must characterize the financial position of the organization as of the reporting date.

19. In the balance sheet, assets and liabilities should be presented with a division depending on the maturity period (maturity) into short-term and long-term. Assets and liabilities are presented as short-term if their maturity (maturity) period is no more than 12 months after the reporting date or the duration of the operating cycle, if it exceeds 12 months. All other assets and liabilities are presented as non-current.

20. The balance sheet must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

V. Contents of the income statement

21. The profit and loss statement must characterize the financial results of the organization for the reporting period.

22. In the income statement, income and expenses must be shown with a division into ordinary and other. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 115n)

23. The profit and loss statement must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

Proceeds from the sale of goods, products, works, services minus value added tax, excise taxes, etc. taxes and obligatory payments (net revenue)

Cost of goods, products, works, services sold (except for commercial and administrative expenses)

VI. Contents of the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account

24. The notes to the balance sheet and income statement should disclose information relevant to the entity's accounting policies and provide users with additional information that is not appropriate to include in the balance sheet and income statement, but which is necessary for users of the financial statements to make a realistic assessment. the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position.

25. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement must indicate that the financial statements were prepared by the organization based on the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation, except in cases where the organization made deviations from these rules when preparing the financial statements in accordance with paragraph 6 of these Regulations.

Significant deviations must be disclosed in the financial statements, indicating the reasons that caused these deviations, as well as the effect that these deviations had on understanding the state of the financial position of the organization, reflecting the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. The organization must provide confirmation of the assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of deviations from the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation.

26. The procedure for disclosing the accounting policy of an organization is established by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of an Organization” (PBU 1/98) (order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 9, 1998, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 31, 1998, registration number 1673).

In connection with the loss of force of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 1998 N 60n, one should be guided by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 6, 2008 N 106n adopted in its place.

27. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss account must disclose the following additional information:

on the presence at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of intangible assets;

on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of fixed assets;

on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement of leased fixed assets during the reporting period;

on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of financial investments;

on the existence of certain types of receivables at the beginning and end of the reporting period;

on changes in the capital (authorized, reserve, additional, etc.) of the organization;

on the number of shares issued by the joint-stock company and fully paid; the number of shares issued but not paid or partially paid; par value of shares owned by the joint-stock company, its subsidiaries and affiliates;

on the composition of reserves for future expenses and payments, estimated reserves, their availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period, the movement of funds from each reserve during the reporting period;

on the existence of certain types of accounts payable at the beginning and end of the reporting period;

on sales volumes of products, goods, works, services by type (industry) of activity and geographic markets (activity);

on the composition of production costs (distribution costs);

on the composition of other income and expenses; (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 115n)

about extraordinary facts of economic activity and their consequences;

about any issued and received security for the organization’s obligations and payments;

about events after the reporting date and contingent facts of economic activity;

about discontinued operations;

about affiliated persons;

on state aid;

about earnings per share.

28. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement disclose information in the form of separate reporting forms (cash flow statement, statement of changes in capital, etc.) and in the form of an explanatory note.

The item in the balance sheet and income statement to which explanations are provided must indicate such disclosure.

29. The financial statements must disclose data on cash flows in the reporting period, characterizing the availability, receipt and expenditure of funds in the organization.

The cash flow statement must characterize changes in the financial position of the organization in the context of current, investing and financing activities.

The cash flow statement must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

Cash balance at the beginning of the reporting period

Funds received - total

including:

from the sale of products, goods, works and services

from the sale of fixed assets and other property

advances received from buyers (customers)

budgetary allocations and other targeted funding

credits and loans received

dividends, interest on financial investments

other supply

Funds sent - total

including:

to pay for goods, works, services

for wages

for contributions to state extra-budgetary funds

for issuing advances

for financial investments

for payment of dividends, interest on securities

for budget calculations

to pay interest on loans received

other payments, transfers

Cash balance at the end of the reporting period

30. Business partnerships and companies, as part of their financial statements, must disclose information about the presence and changes in the authorized (share) capital, reserve capital and other components of the organization’s capital.

The statement of changes in capital must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

The amount of capital at the beginning of the reporting period

Capital increase - total

including:

through additional issue of shares

due to property revaluation

due to property growth

due to reorganization of a legal entity (merger, accession)

at the expense of income that, in accordance with the rules of accounting and reporting, are directly attributed to the increase in capital

Reduction of capital - total

including:

by reducing the par value of shares

by reducing the number of shares

due to the reorganization of a legal entity

(division, selection)

due to expenses that, in accordance with the rules of accounting and reporting, are directly included in the reduction of capital

The amount of capital at the end of the reporting period

31. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement must disclose (if these data are not included in the information accompanying the accounting report):

legal address of the organization;

main activities;

average annual number of employees for the reporting period or number of employees as of the reporting date;

composition (names and positions) of members of the organization’s executive and control bodies.

VII. Rules for evaluating financial statements items

32. When assessing the items in the financial statements, the organization must ensure compliance with the assumptions and requirements provided for by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policies of the Organization” (PBU 1/98).

33. The balance sheet data at the beginning of the reporting period must be comparable with the balance sheet data for the period preceding the reporting period (taking into account the reorganization carried out, as well as changes related to the application of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policies of the Organization”).

34. In the financial statements, offsets between items of assets and liabilities, items of profit and loss are not allowed, except in cases where such offset is provided for by the relevant accounting provisions.

35. The balance sheet should include numerical indicators in a net valuation, i.e. minus regulatory values, which must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account.

36. The rules for evaluating individual items of financial statements are established by the relevant accounting provisions.

37. In case of deviation from the rules provided for in paragraphs 32 - 35 of these Regulations, significant deviations must be disclosed in the explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, along with an indication of the reasons that caused these deviations and the effect that these deviations had on understanding state of the financial position of the organization, reflection of the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position.

38. Items in the financial statements prepared for the reporting year must be supported by the results of the inventory of assets and liabilities.

VIII. Information accompanying financial statements

39. An organization may provide additional information accompanying financial statements if the executive body considers it useful for interested users when making economic decisions. It reveals the dynamics of the most important economic and financial indicators of the organization’s activities over a number of years; planned development of the organization; expected capital and long-term financial investments; policy regarding borrowings, risk management; activities of the organization in the field of research and development work; environmental protection measures; other information.

Additional information, if necessary, can be presented in the form of analytical tables, graphs and diagrams.

When disclosing additional information, for example, environmental measures, the main activities carried out and planned by the organization in the field of environmental protection, the impact of these activities on the level of long-term investments and profitability in the reporting year, characteristics of the financial consequences for future periods, data on payments for violation of environmental legislation are provided. , environmental payments and payments for natural resources, current environmental protection costs and the degree of their impact on the financial results of the organization.

IX. Audit of financial statements

40. In cases provided for by federal laws, financial statements are subject to mandatory audit.

41. The final part of the auditor’s report issued based on the results of the mandatory audit of financial statements must be attached to these statements.

X. Publicity of financial statements

42. Accounting statements are open to users - founders (participants), investors, credit institutions, creditors, buyers, suppliers, etc. The organization must provide an opportunity for users to familiarize themselves with the accounting statements.

43. The organization is obliged to ensure the submission of annual financial statements to each founder (participant) within the time limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

44. The organization is obliged to submit financial statements in one copy (free of charge) to the state statistics body and to other addresses provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, within the time limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

45. In cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the organization publishes its financial statements along with the final part of the audit report.

46. ​​Publication of financial statements is carried out no later than June 1 of the year following the reporting year, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

47. The date of submission of financial statements for an organization is considered to be the day of its mailing or the day of its actual transfer by ownership.

If the date of submission of financial statements falls on a non-working day (weekend), then the deadline for submission of financial statements is considered to be the first working day following it.

XI. Interim financial statements

48. The organization must prepare interim financial statements for the month, quarter on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

49. Interim financial statements consist of a balance sheet and a profit and loss account, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation or the founders (participants) of the organization.

50. General requirements for interim financial statements, the content of its components, and the rules for evaluating items are determined in accordance with these Regulations.

51. The organization must prepare interim financial statements no later than 30 days after the end of the reporting period, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

52. Presentation and publication of interim financial statements are carried out in cases and in the manner provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation or the constituent documents of the organization.

In order for accounting and tax reporting to have a unified form, and for the specialists compiling it to have an idea of ​​the procedure and rules for filling out reporting, general regulations are needed. Such regulation may be a Federal Law, Decree, etc. If we are talking about financial statements, then there are accepted accounting regulations, the so-called PBUs. And then we will briefly talk about such PBU as PBU No. 4, which regulates the financial statements of organizations.

So, what is PBU 4.99 financial statements of an organization 2017? This is a domestic standard that regulates the procedure and procedure for preparing financial statements. At the same time, the document itself states that these rules apply only if the reporting documentation is submitted for use by external users, that is, to statistical authorities, the tax service, etc. But for internal use, reporting can be compiled according to the rules that are convenient specifically for the enterprise itself, without taking into account the rules of PBU.

Information presented in this document:

• General information that describes what this standard regulates, when it can be used, when it is approved, etc. This is a kind of introduction and, as a rule, does not carry any value for the user himself;
• The next section provides information about definitions, that is, those definitions that are used directly in the text of this provision. There are only 4 definitions here: what are financial statements, reporting period, date and who is the user. For the average accountant, all four of these concepts are clear and familiar, so it is not worth presenting the essence of each here;
• The third and subsequent sections provide the most valuable information, since they provide information about what is included in the financial statements, what type and content each form has;
• The last sections are devoted to what some accounting rules represent and their projection on the process of preparing financial statements.

Such a document was approved back in 1999, but from time to time certain adjustments were made to it to allow reporting to comply with international standards. The latest changes to the document were adopted in 2010.

In addition to PBU, there is also Federal Law 402, financial reporting is also considered there, since the Federal Law is called “On Accounting”.

Accounting statements according to PBUK

It would not be rational to talk about the entire reporting procedure that is prescribed in the standard, since you can simply download this standard and familiarize yourself with its contents. But I would like to draw attention to some provisions that are not familiar to everyone or that are not always taken into account by accountants and company management.

Key points everyone should know:

• Accounting statements are prepared for a month, quarter, etc., this is a mandatory rule. This is not always used, since many people believe that it is necessary to create a balance only when it must be submitted to the Federal Tax Service - that is, for the year. No, reporting of any form, except for explanatory notes and notes to the balance sheet, must be compiled on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year;
• The date of submission of the reports is not considered the date of receipt by the Federal Tax Service, but solely the date of sending such reports by mail. That is why reporting must be submitted with a notification indicating the date of dispatch;
• Reporting must be presented to the founders and owners separately, and not in a single copy. Every founder should be familiar with it.
• The data reflected in Forms 1 and 2 at the end of the year must be confirmed not only by accounting registers, but also by the results of the inventory.

These are the main points. For more detailed information, every accountant is simply obliged to read the entire Federal Law and PBU. And only Toga can understand the subtleties.

Enterprises with the status of a legal entity, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, are required to maintain reports. One of the main regulations governing this procedure is PBU 4/99. What are its main points? What should the structure be in accordance with the standards set forth in this regulatory act?

What is the normative act PBU 4/99?

The considered source of law was put into circulation by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 43n, which was issued on July 6, 1999. This normative act is classified as a Regulation. Its full name is the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of an Organization” (PBU 4/99).

Why do you need an appropriate source of law? This regulatory act defines the structure, as well as the methodological basis for enterprises

The jurisdiction of the considered source of law applies to all legal entities, except banks, as well as state and municipal structures. Also, PBU 4/99 may not apply if it is formed by an enterprise for internal needs, in order to provide statistical reporting and accounting documentation by business entities for interested parties in a manner that is not directly regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 43n.

The document in question should not be used when drawing up:

• reporting generated by an economic entity for internal purposes, as well as compiled for statistical institutions;
• information prepared by a banking organization in accordance with established requirements, unless otherwise provided by separate rules.

It may be noted that the corresponding source of norms can be used directly by the Ministry of Finance for the purposes of:

• definitions of standard models and guidelines for them;
• special reporting procedures for small businesses and non-profit organizations;
• establishing rules for creating consolidated reporting, as well as documentation when changing the status of an enterprise.

Thus, the standard in question is a universal source with a fairly broad jurisdiction.

The source of law under consideration establishes a number of definitions that it is advisable for enterprises to adhere to when preparing reports.

Definitions according to PBU 4/99

We are talking about definitions of terms such as:

• financial statements;
• reporting date, period;
• user.

Accounting statements, in accordance with the provisions of PBU 4/99, should be understood as a unified internal corporate system of knowledge about the financial position of the company, as well as the results of the company’s economic activities, compiled on the basis of information reflected in accounting.

In PBU 4/99 we mean the period within which the corresponding type of reporting should be generated in the organization. The reporting date, in turn, is understood as the date as of which an economic entity is required to provide reporting.

Another term that is disclosed in the source of law under consideration is user. This is understood as an individual or organization that is interested in obtaining information about an economic entity.

PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” defines the composition of the relevant documentation of the enterprise, as well as the requirements for it. Let's look at them.

Composition of reporting

In accordance with the provisions of PBU 4/99 "Accounting statements of an organization", the company's financial statements include:

• balance;
• a report recording profits and losses;
• special applications to the balance sheet and report;
• explanatory note;
• in cases provided for by law - an auditor's report.

In turn, the source of law under consideration establishes a wide range of requirements for the company’s financial statements. Let's study them.

Document requirements

In accordance with PBU 4/99 "Accounting statements of an organization", documents that are generated by an enterprise must reflect reliably and in the necessary completeness an idea of ​​the state of affairs in the business, the results of the company's economic activities, and trends characterizing the economic performance of the company.

The main criterion for the completeness and reliability of reporting is its compliance with the rules established by regulations adopted by the competent authorities. If, when preparing the relevant documents, insufficiency of certain data is revealed, the company must include the necessary additional indicators and explanations in the reporting.

In extreme cases, PBU 4/99 allows for this scenario; an enterprise may deviate from the established standards if it is not possible to obtain the necessary indicators for objective reasons.

The information that is collected during the reporting process should be neutral. Its application should not influence the decisions taken by competent persons in the course of assessing financial results.

The most important requirement for the financial statements of a legal entity is that it must include indicators that reflect the results of the economic activities of all its divisions, representative offices, as well as other structures, including those that have separate balance sheets.

The enterprise needs to ensure the most important compliance with the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of the Organization” (PBU 4/99), which consists in the consistent generation of documents, taking into account the continuity of the structure of the form in which indicators are recorded for different reporting periods. The forms of documents used as the basis for drawing up a balance sheet, a statement recording profits and losses, as well as sources supplementing them, must therefore be constant. They are subject to change in exceptional cases. Alternatively, if the type of activity of the company changes. At the same time, the organization must be ready to justify the corresponding changes through separate explanations to the balance sheet, as well as the statement reflecting profits and losses.

Accounting statements, their composition and content PBU 4/99 contains the relevant standards) must be formed taking into account the continuity of indicators for different reporting periods. If discrepancies are detected between the relevant data, the accountant can make the necessary adjustments to certain indicators. In this case, information about it must be reflected in additions to the balance sheet and report reflecting the profits and losses of the enterprise.

Reflection of economic indicators in reporting: nuances

There are a number of nuances that characterize the recording of key indicators in the financial statements - they are also provided for in the document “Accounting statements of an organization” PBU 4/99. Briefly about them the following can be noted. Indicators about the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the company must be reflected separately if they are very important for a reliable assessment of the state of affairs in the company. In turn, these indicators may be reflected in additions to the balance sheet and report if they are not particularly important for assessing the state of the business.

Reporting date and year

In accordance with the regulatory source under consideration, when preparing accounting documentation, an enterprise must keep in mind that the reporting date should be considered the last calendar day of the corresponding period. The reporting year corresponds to the period from January 1 to December 31. The first reporting year for a new organization is the period from the date of registration of the company to December 31. If the company was created after October 1, then the first reporting year for it corresponds to the period from the date of registration with government agencies to December 31, thus the next year.

Accounting statements: other requirements

Let's consider other significant requirements for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with PBU 4/99. Thus, it should be noted that each of its components - balance sheet, report, additions to them, auditor's report - must contain:

• Name;
• reporting date or period for which reporting is provided;
• name of the company providing the documents;
• information about the organizational and legal form of the business;
• format for reflecting reporting indicators.

The order approving the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of an Organization” PBU 4/99 instructs accountants to draw up documentation:

• in Russian;
• indicate indicators in rubles.

The relevant reporting must be certified:

• head of the company;
• chief accountant or other employee exercising powers to maintain accounting.

Balance sheet structure

It will be useful to study the structure of two key accounting documents - the balance sheet and the report, which reflects the profits and losses of the company. Let's start with the first source.

Contains an asset and a liability. The corresponding indicators characterize the economic position of the company at the reporting date. As far as the assets and liabilities of the firm are concerned, they should be classified into current and long-term. The first are those whose duration does not exceed 12 months. The second ones, on the contrary, are those that can be repaid by the obligated party 12 months after the conclusion of the contract and later.

Report structure

The next most important document is a report that reflects profit and loss indicators. Using this source, in particular, income classification can be carried out on the basis of PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization”. The document in question must reflect the results of the company’s economic activities for the reporting period. The main indicators in it are thus correlated with income and expenses, which are classified into ordinary and other.

Explanations for the balance sheet and report

Another important type of sources included in a company’s financial statements are explanations to the balance sheet and report reflecting the company’s profits and losses. The corresponding additions are intended to disclose information that relates to the company’s accounting policy and is necessary for interested parties to make a reliable assessment of the company’s financial performance.

If the explanations require to reflect deviations from the rules made by a competent specialist of the company when preparing reports, the reason for this deviation is recorded. In addition, the company needs to reflect the financial consequences of allowing non-compliance with the rules of law governing the preparation of financial statements in enterprises.

Additions to accounting reporting sources must reflect information that relates directly to the organization’s economic activities and disclose them in the context of the information that is confirmed by accounting data. Thus, a person interested in obtaining the sources in question expects, first of all, to increase the reliability of information about the economic situation at the enterprise.

A mandatory criterion for the corresponding additions to PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” is their compliance with the law, as well as internal regulations, if required based on the management policy of the corporation. If financiers had to abandon any norms, this should be recorded in the amendments under consideration. Thus, the relevant documents are intended to be transparent to any interested parties.

It can be noted that the legal act in question may correspond with others that regulate accounting at an enterprise. In this case, the financier needs to have prompt access to the relevant sources of rules in the latest edition, as well as to comments, clarifications and, if necessary, judicial practice on the use of the provisions of these sources of law.