When traveling to various foreign countries, all of us (well, at least those who prefer a non-vegetable holiday on the beaches) admire their history, full of interesting events, magnificent examples of culture in general and architecture in particular. And it is right. But very often we do not notice that no less interesting things are right under our noses. But this, from my point of view, is simply a phenomenon of some kind of historical and cultural myopia.
I will try to make at least a small contribution to correct this situation by telling a little about the history of the ancient village of Taininskoye, located in close proximity to Moscow, some hundred meters from the Moscow Ring Road, within the boundaries of my hometown of Mytishchi.
The village of Taininskoye was first mentioned in 1401 in the spiritual charter of the Moscow appanage prince Vladimir Andreevich the Brave of Serpukhov, hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, cousin of the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich, not quite deservedly known as Donskoy. After all, everyone who has studied the chronicle texts about the Battle of Kulikovo knows that the real commanders, under whose leadership the victory was won on the Kulikovo Field, were Prince Vladmir Andreevich and the governor Dmitry Bobrok-Volynsky, and not the Grand Duke of Moscow. However, perhaps I will write about this later.
Throughout the 15th century, the village was the center of a large volost. In 1456, the owner of the village became the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II Vasilyevich, nicknamed the Dark, and then his son Prince Andrei Menshoi of Vologda. In 1481, the village was inherited by the son of Ivan the Great, Vasily, the future sovereign Vasily III. From that time on, Taininskoye became a grand ducal and then a royal village. Located on the road to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, where Russian monarchs regularly went on pilgrimage, the village of Taininskoye became the country residence of Moscow sovereigns. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, the village became one of the centers of the oprichnina.
In the summer of 1605 (July 18), False Dmitry (Grigory Otrepiev) meets here with his “mother” - nun Martha ( tonsured a nun by the last wife of Ivan the Terrible - Maria Nagaya), who recognizes the impostor as her "miracle saved" son - Dmitry.
S. M. Solovyov described this event as follows: the impostor “had a meeting with her alone in a tent pitched near the high road; they say that Martha very skillfully represented the tender mother, the people cried, seeing how the respectful son walked on foot near his mother’s carriage.. ".
In June 1608, the troops of the “Tushinsky thief” - False Dmitry II - were stationed in Taininsky, and in August 1612 the militia of Minin and Pozharsky stopped here.
The surrounding area of the village has long been famous for its hunting grounds; under Ivan the Terrible, “bear games” were held here, and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich the Quiet amused himself with falconry here. Alexei Mikhailovich liked the village of Taininskoye and its surroundings so much that he ordered a stone temple to be built here.
Construction began during the lifetime of Tsar Alexei in 1675. But it was completed in September 1677, after the death of the Quiet Tsar.
The Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a unique architectural structure. It consists of three main parts: the church itself, a refectory in two tiers and a large porch. The church building is a cube with narrow and elongated windows on both sides. Along the top of the cube there is a wide cornice made of brick.
The harmony and harmony of this part of the building became even more obvious when the church was restored in the 70s of the twentieth century. During its course, three rows of kokoshniks were restored, representing a gradual transition from the quadrangle of the building to five drums, topped with small onion-shaped domes.
The main attraction of the temple is its porch.
The famous art critic M.A. Ilyin described it this way: “The paired staircases, diverging to the sides and covered with “creeping” vaults and arches, alternate with landings-lockers, topped with tents on pillars. In the center there is a hollow, as if in cross-section, “barrel.” This barrel, although made of brick on an iron frame, is directly related to the decorative form that was often used in those years in wooden architecture.It is here, in Taininsky, in the facade of the refectory that we feel with particular brightness the mutual influence of stone and wooden forms, which had such an impact brightly in ancient Russian architecture. Everyone who has visited Taininsky will remember this rare work of Russian architectural art for a long time."
Take a closer look at the church porch. Does it look like a temple building? But this is a real tower, decorated with marvelous patterns and embodying the best traditions of Russian architecture of former times.
The place for the construction of the temple was not chosen by chance, but wisely: on the high bank of the Yauza and the small river Sukromka flowing into it. When a dam was built at their confluence, the water spread widely, and an island formed in the middle. Tsar's palaces began to be built on it since the time of Ivan the Terrible, and according to some information even earlier, under Vasily III.
The royal palaces were located on the island until 1823, when the chambers of Elizabeth Petrovna burned down.
However, a separate article is worth writing about the royal palaces of the village of Taininsky. In the meantime, let's return to the Annunciation Church and its history.
On September 9, 1677, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich ordered everything necessary to be prepared for the consecration of the new temple. Ancient icons from the wooden church that stood on this site were transferred to the new church. Thanks to parishioners and contributors, the iconostasis of the church became six-tiered, with rich frames.
The temple was significantly damaged during Napoleon's invasion. Throughout the 19th century, the Church of the Annunciation increasingly lost its significance, although church services there continued until 1929, when the temple was closed.
During Soviet times, the church housed a laundry, a radio parts workshop, a club, a canteen, a dormitory, a workshop for cabinetmakers, doll makers and graphic designers.
Currently, the temple, returned to the Church, is operational. It, preserved literally by a miracle, appears before us, thanks to the work of restorers, as it was intended by the architects of the 17th century.
When working on this article, I turned to the books by Yu. A. Knyazev “The Past of the Land of Mytishchi” (M., 2001) and M. A. Klychnikova “Mytishchi. A guide to the city and region (Mytishchi, 2005).
Sergey Vorobiev.
Travel by public transport: from Moscow from the Yaroslavsky station to the station. Taininskaya - 15 km.
Directions by car: on the outer side of the Moscow Ring Road from Yaroslavskoye Highway. towards Ostashkovsky highway. - 0.5 km, before reaching the traffic police post, turn onto the road to Mytishchi, along the street. Trudovaya to st. 1st Krestyanskaya, there to the left and to the intersection with the street. Vera Voloshina, there turn left again and go until the fork from the street. Red Village (she goes to the right). On the street Krasny Poselok to st. Central, there - turn right and follow it to the temple.
Annunciation Church in the village of Taininskoye, the ancestral estate of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, was built in 1677. by his decree.
The village of Taininskoye has been known from documents since 1410. as the possession of the Serpukhov prince Vladimir the Brave, grandson of Ivan Kalita. The village, located on the left bank of the Yauza, was one of the important points of the ancient trade route that passed along the then deep river. The village remained a palace for several centuries; here in 1552-1574. Ivan the Terrible visited often, and in 1574. he received the khan's ambassadors here. During the Time of Troubles, the village was occupied by False Dmitry II as an important point on the way from Moscow to the northern regions. Under Alexei Mikhailovich, a travel palace was erected in Taininsky, in which the tsar stopped on his way to a pilgrimage to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Under Elizaveta Petrovna, the wooden traveling palace was rebuilt.
The brick Annunciation Church is built in the style of Russian patterns and is very elegant. Its basis is a tall double-chambered quadrangle, topped with a hill of kokoshniks - a “fiery” ending - and five chapters on light drums. In the 19th century, as was the case with many “fire” churches, the tiers of kokoshniks were cut down and replaced with a hipped roof. The walls are richly decorated with decorative details made of cut bricks. From the north and south, four doors lead into the temple (two to the main volume, two to the refectory), framed by perspective portals with keel-shaped ends and “melon” decorations. The decor of the platbands on the windows is also very rich, and the windows themselves are separated by paired columns. IN 
The altar part of the temple has three high windows in the apses, their frames repeat the decor of the refectory windows. The main distinctive feature of the temple is the entrance from the west. This is not just an entrance, it is flanked by a pair of symmetrical external staircases with three lockers. The middle locker, lower, is covered on top with a hollow stone “barrel”; the side lockers, higher, are topped with tents. The tents, surrounded by a row of kokoshniks, were originally covered with green tiles. The supports of the staircases with massive bases and arches are decorated very luxuriously and variedly - as befits the entrance to a temple in a palace village. This splendor is reflected in the interior of the refectory: a tray vault with formwork, wide arched openings connecting the main space of the refectory and the choir. The interior decoration suffered greatly during Soviet times.
In 1929 The temple was closed, and first a village club was set up in it, then a bread store was opened. Later, a decorative toy factory and a carpentry workshop were located here. The church was returned to the believers in 1989, and then restoration began. They restored the original appearance of the roof with rows of keel-shaped and semicircular kokoshniks, put crosses on the domes again, and restored the temple from the inside. A belfry was built in the southern part of the outer porch (before this, the bells hung in the barrel-shaped middle part of the porch). In the basement of the temple there is a throne of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, in the upper part there are chapels of Ilyinsky and Sts. Zechariah and Elizabeth.
If you walk from the temple towards the Moscow Ring Road, you can see a tall monument. This is a monument to Emperor Nicholas II by sculptor V.M. Klykov, erected on the site of the royal travel palace. It was installed in 2000; This is already the second monument to Nicholas II on this site - its predecessor was blown up by vandals three years earlier.
Today we will tell you a little about the history of the ancient village of Taininskoye, located in close proximity to Moscow, some hundred meters from the Moscow Ring Road, within the city of Mytishchi.
The village of Taininskoye was first mentioned in 1401 in the spiritual charter of the Moscow appanage prince Vladimir Andreevich the Brave of Serpukhov, hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, cousin of the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich, not quite deservedly known as Donskoy. After all, everyone who has studied the chronicle texts about the Battle of Kulikovo knows that the real commanders, under whose leadership the victory on the Kulikovo Field was won, were Prince Vladmir Andreevich and the governor Dmitry Bobrok-Volynsky, and not the Grand Duke of Moscow. However, perhaps I will write about this later.
Throughout the 15th century, the village was the center of a large volost. In 1456, the owner of the village became the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II Vasilyevich, nicknamed the Dark, and then his son Prince Andrei Menshoi of Vologda. In 1481, the village was inherited by the son of Ivan the Great, Vasily, the future sovereign Vasily III. From that time on, Taininskoye became a grand ducal and then a royal village. Located on the road to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, where Russian monarchs regularly went on pilgrimage, the village of Taininskoye became the country residence of Moscow sovereigns. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, the village became one of the centers of the oprichnina.
In the summer of 1605 (July 18), False Dmitry (Grigory Otrepiev) meets here with his “mother” - nun Martha ( tonsured a nun by the last wife of Ivan the Terrible - Maria Nagaya), who recognizes the impostor as her "miracle saved" son - Dmitry.
S. M. Solovyov described this event as follows: the impostor “had a meeting with her alone in a tent pitched near the high road; they say that Martha very skillfully represented the tender mother, the people cried, seeing how the respectful son walked on foot near his mother’s carriage.. ".
In June 1608, the troops of the “Tushinsky thief” - False Dmitry II - were stationed in Taininsky, and in August 1612 the militia of Minin and Pozharsky stopped here.
The surrounding area of the village has long been famous for its hunting grounds; under Ivan the Terrible, “bear games” were held here, and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich the Quiet amused himself with falconry here. Alexei Mikhailovich liked the village of Taininskoye and its surroundings so much that he ordered a stone temple to be built here.
Construction began during the lifetime of Tsar Alexei in 1675. But it was completed in September 1677, after the death of the Quiet Tsar.
The Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a unique architectural structure. It consists of three main parts: the church itself, a refectory in two tiers and a large porch. The church building is a cube with narrow and elongated windows on both sides. Along the top of the cube there is a wide cornice made of brick.
The harmony and harmony of this part of the building became even more obvious when the church was restored in the 70s of the twentieth century. During its course, three rows of kokoshniks were restored, representing a gradual transition from the quadrangle of the building to five drums, topped with small onion-shaped domes.
The main attraction of the temple is its porch.
The famous art critic M.A. Ilyin described it this way: “The paired staircases, diverging to the sides and covered with “creeping” vaults and arches, alternate with landings-lockers, topped with tents on pillars. In the center there is a hollow, as if in cross-section, “barrel.” This barrel, although made of brick on an iron frame, is directly related to the decorative form that was often used in those years in wooden architecture.It is here, in Taininsky, in the facade of the refectory that we feel with particular brightness the mutual influence of stone and wooden forms, which had such an impact brightly in ancient Russian architecture. Everyone who has visited Taininsky will remember this rare work of Russian architectural art for a long time."
Take a closer look at the church porch. Does it look like a temple building? But this is a real tower, decorated with marvelous patterns and embodying the best traditions of Russian architecture of former times.
The place for the construction of the temple was not chosen by chance, but wisely: on the high bank of the Yauza and the small river Sukromka flowing into it. When a dam was built at their confluence, the water spread widely, and an island formed in the middle. Tsar's palaces began to be built on it since the time of Ivan the Terrible, and according to some information even earlier, under Vasily III.
The royal palaces were located on the island until 1823, when the chambers of Elizabeth Petrovna burned down.
However, a separate article is worth writing about the royal palaces of the village of Taininsky. In the meantime, let's return to the Annunciation Church and its history.
On September 9, 1677, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich ordered everything necessary to be prepared for the consecration of the new temple. Ancient icons from the wooden church that stood on this site were transferred to the new church. Thanks to parishioners and contributors, the iconostasis of the church became six-tiered, with rich frames.
The temple was significantly damaged during Napoleon's invasion. Throughout the 19th century, the Church of the Annunciation increasingly lost its significance, although church services there continued until 1929, when the temple was closed.
During Soviet times, the church housed a laundry, a radio parts workshop, a club, a canteen, a dormitory, a workshop for cabinetmakers, doll makers and graphic designers.
Currently, the temple, returned to the Church, is operational. It, preserved literally by a miracle, appears before us, thanks to the work of restorers, as it was intended by the architects of the 17th century.
When working on this article, I turned to the books by Yu. A. Knyazev “The Past of the Land of Mytishchi” (M., 2001) and M. A. Klychnikova “Mytishchi. A guide to the city and region (Mytishchi, 2005).
Sergey Vorobiev.
Mentions of the temple in Taininsky have been found in acts since 1651. In 1675, on the orders of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1629-1676), the stone church of the Annunciation that now exists was built. It was consecrated already under Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich (1661-1682).
The chapels of the temple are the holy righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth and Elijah the Prophet. The temple is five-domed, with a two-story porch and a high porch with a two-flight staircase; without a bell tower. It is decorated with stone carvings, intricate kokoshniks, tents and cornices.
In Taininsky, False Dmitry forced Maria Naguya, brought from the monastery, to recognize him as her son. In the 1730s. Taininskoye is the patrimony of Princess Elizaveta Petrovna (1709-1761). Having become empress, in 1749 she built a new wooden palace on the site of the dismantled palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. It was located, as it were, on a peninsula, at the confluence of the Yauza and Sukromka rivers. On the site of the palace there are now barns and a warehouse.
In 1929 the temple was closed. It housed a club, then a bread store, a decorative toy factory, and a carpentry workshop.
In 1989, the temple was returned to believers, and restoration work began. Currently, work is underway to reconstruct the lower church in honor of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. There is a Sunday school in the church. For more than four years now, on the feast of Epiphany, the rite of blessing the water has been held in the Sukromka River. More than 1000 people here plunge into the ice hole on these blessed days.
The clergy of the temple work to provide care for various social institutions and take care of the home for the disabled.
The rector of the temple is Archpriest Vladimir Agrikov, the clergy are Hieromonks Sergius (Agrikov) and Alexander (Pereslavtsev), and Priest Alexander Gushchin.
Divine services are held regularly on Sundays and holidays.
"Summer 7186 (1677), September on the 6th day, according to the Sovereign Tsarev and Grand Duke Fyodor Alekseevich of All Great, Lesser and White Russia, the autocrat decree, the newly built stone Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary should be prepared for the illumination of September by the 9th."
(From documents... "Department of the General Archives of the Ministry of the Imperial Household")
"The temple is located as part of the palace estate of the village of Taininskoye, on the way to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra - a holy pious monastery, a center of pilgrimage for the great Moscow princes and Russian sovereigns.....
The only monument of the palace estate that has survived to this day is the stone Church of the Annunciation.
“The beauty and originality of architectural forms, expressing the idea of the national concept of the Russian temple, combined with the wealth of wall decorations, in some places a little wild and extremely original, attracted the attention of specialists and lovers of Russian art throughout all 300 years of its life.”
(From the book by V.K. Klein “Monuments of Ancient Russian Art in the Palace Village of Taininsky” - 1912.)
Reference:
There are 6 confessors in the Moscow diocese, namely:
- Archpriest Vladimir Ganin, rector of the Assumption Church in the village of Zhilino, Ramensky district;
- Archpriest Valerian Krechetov, rector of the Church of the Intercession in the village of Akulovo, Odintsovo district;
- Archpriest Mikhail Redkin, rector of the Tikhvin Church in the city of Stupino;
- Archpriest Vladimir Agrikov, rector of the Annunciation Church in the village of Taininskoye, Mytishchi district;
- Hegumen Valery (Larichev), rector of the Floro-Lavra Church in the village of Yam, Domodedovo district;
- Hegumen Sergius (Amunitsyn), rector of the Spassky Church in the village of Klyazma, Pushkin district;
TO THE ANCIENT VILLAGE OF TAININSKOYE AND THE TEMPLE OF THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE HOLY VIRGIN
When traveling to various foreign countries, all of us (well, at least those who prefer a non-vegetable holiday on the beaches) admire their history, full of interesting events, magnificent examples of culture in general and architecture in particular. And it is right. But very often we do not notice that no less interesting things are right under our noses. But this, from my point of view, is simply a phenomenon of some kind of historical and cultural myopia.
I will try to make at least a small contribution to correct this situation by telling a little about the history of the ancient village Taininsky , located in close proximity to Moscow, some hundred meters from the Moscow Ring Road, within the boundaries of my hometown Mytishchi .
The village of Taininskoye was first mentioned in 1401 in the spiritual charter of the Moscow appanage prince Vladimir Andreevich Brave Serpukhovsky , hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, cousin of the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich, not quite deservedly known as Donskoy. After all, everyone who has studied the chronicle texts about the Battle of Kulikovo knows that the real commanders, under whose leadership the victory on the Kulikovo Field was won, were Prince Vladmir Andreevich and the governor Dmitry Bobrok-Volynsky, and not the Grand Duke of Moscow. However, perhaps I will write about this later.
Monument to Vladimir Andreevich the Brave in Serpukhov:
Throughout the 15th century, the village was the center of a large volost. In 1456, the Grand Duke of Moscow became the owner of the village. Vasily II Vasilievich by nickname Dark , and then his son Prince Andrei Menshoi of Vologda. In 1481, the village was inherited by the son of Ivan the Great - Vasily, the future sovereign Vasily III . From that time on, Taininskoye became a grand ducal and then a royal village. Located on the road to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, where Russian monarchs regularly went on pilgrimage, the village of Taininskoye became the country residence of Moscow sovereigns. During times Ivan the Terrible the village becomes one of the centers of the oprichnina.
In the summer of 1605 (July 18), a meeting takes place here False Dmitry (Grigory Otrepyev) with his “mother” - nun Martha ( tonsured a nun by the last wife of Ivan the Terrible - Maria Naga), who recognizes the impostor as her "miracle saved" son - Dmitry.
S. M. Solovyov described this event as follows: the impostor “had a meeting with her alone in a tent pitched near the high road; they say that Martha very skillfully represented the tender mother, the people cried, seeing how the respectful son walked on foot near his mother’s carriage.. ".
In June 1608, the troops of the “Tushinsky thief” were stationed in Taininsky - False Dmitry II , and in August 1612 the militia stopped here Minin and Pozharsky .
The surrounding area of the village has long been famous for its hunting grounds; under Ivan the Terrible, “bear games” were held here, and the Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich Quiet I amused myself with falconry here.
Alexei Mikhailovich liked the village of Taininskoye and its surroundings so much that he ordered a stone temple to be built here.
Construction began during the lifetime of Tsar Alexei in 1675. But it was completed in September 1677, after the death of the Quiet Tsar.
Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a unique architectural structure. It consists of three main parts: the church itself, a refectory in two tiers and a large porch. The church building is a cube with narrow and elongated windows on both sides. Along the top of the cube there is a wide cornice made of brick.The harmony and harmony of this part of the building became even more obvious when the church was restored in the 70s of the twentieth century. During its course, three rows of kokoshniks were restored, representing a gradual transition from the quadrangle of the building to five drums, topped with small onion-shaped domes.
The main attraction of the temple is its porch.
The famous art critic M.A. Ilyin described it this way: “The paired staircases, diverging to the sides and covered with “creeping” vaults and arches, alternate with landings-lockers, topped with tents on pillars. In the center there is a hollow, as if in cross-section, “barrel.” This barrel, although made of brick on an iron frame, is directly related to the decorative form that was often used in those years in wooden architecture.It is here, in Taininsky, in the facade of the refectory that we feel with particular brightness the mutual influence of stone and wooden forms, which had such an impact brightly in ancient Russian architecture. Everyone who has visited Taininsky will remember this rare work of Russian architectural art for a long time."
Take a closer look at the church porch. Does it look like a temple building? But this is a real tower, decorated with marvelous patterns and embodying the best traditions of Russian architecture of former times.
The place for the construction of the temple was not chosen by chance, but wisely: on the high bank of the Yauza and the small river Sukromka flowing into it. When a dam was built at their confluence, the water spread widely, and an island formed in the middle. Tsar's palaces began to be built on it since the time of Ivan the Terrible, and according to some information even earlier, under Vasily III.
The royal palaces were located on the island until 1823, when the chambers of Elizabeth Petrovna burned down.
However, a separate article is worth writing about the royal palaces of the village of Taininsky. In the meantime, let's return to the Annunciation Church and its history.
Tsar Fedor Alekseevich
On September 9, 1677, he ordered everything necessary to be prepared for the consecration of the new temple. Ancient icons from the wooden church that stood on this site were transferred to the new church. Thanks to parishioners and contributors, the iconostasis of the church became six-tiered, with rich frames. The temple was significantly damaged during Napoleon's invasion. Throughout the 19th century, the Church of the Annunciation increasingly lost its significance, although church services there continued until 1929, when the temple was closed.
During Soviet times, the church housed a laundry, a radio parts workshop, a club, a canteen, a dormitory, a workshop for cabinetmakers, doll makers and graphic designers.
Restoration work began in 1989.
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