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Guillotine for cutting metal
All guillotines are divided into several types, depending on the type of drive:
- manual
- electromechanical
- hydraulic
Depending on the control system:
- Manual
At the same time, the conventionally named manual guillotine can be either foot-operated or manual. Typically, a foot drive is installed when the working length of the equipment is short - up to 130 cm. Manual saber guillotine devices are also used, which are easy to use, reliable and easy to set up.
Principle of operation
Regardless of the design and principle of operation, functionally any guillotine works the same. The material to be processed is placed on the feed table between the cutting blades, after which the upper knife lowers and cuts the material.
In this case, only the upper knife moves, and the lower part is rigidly fixed. The device may include additional elements, for example, a clamping device.
Hydraulic guillotine
If you need a hydraulic guillotine, you need to buy it after determining the tasks to be performed. In this case, the type and size of the material and its thickness must be taken into account. The drive type is selected depending on the production volume.
The manual guillotine for metal has become very popular, which allows you to chop metal with minimal operator involvement. At the same time, the accuracy, speed and efficiency of work are either maintained or increased.
Stationary models have special instruments and devices that monitor the accuracy of cutting and increase its efficiency. Such devices and devices include front-controlled stops that regulate cutting accuracy down to microns, a crank mechanism instead of an eccentric to strengthen the knife beam, and a pneumatic table with tilting for throwing the workpiece into the storage bin. Using computer software, the machine remembers the stages of work, including even the routes of parts from the cutting area. As a result, the machine can operate autonomously without being constantly under the control of the operator.
Electromechanical guillotine
Electromechanical guillotine (guillotine shears) provides the best accuracy and high productivity, and also allows you to work with minimal operator involvement.
Where to buy reliable guillotines
Buy manual and automatic CNC guillotines for metal from the manufacturer at competitive prices in the Metalmaster online store. Our catalog presents a large selection of types of modern new models, all dimensions: dimensions (length, width, height), weight. When purchasing guillotines, detailed instructions for managing settings and operation are included; you can also study the technical characteristics on the website: description, photo, device, video, power, application, purpose.
The invention of Joseph Guillotine (1791, France), named after the inventor of guillotine, worked until 1981 for its intended purpose. The guillotine for cutting metal was developed somewhat later. For an industrial machine to be in demand, it is necessary to create a certain technical base.
The principle of the movement of a knife from top to bottom under the influence of gravity has found application not only in the field of execution of punishments. In 1817, the “death machine” was tested to perform other functions. They began to use it for chopping meat and bones. In the same year, the device was used in the tanning industry, they began to cut leather for boots, hats and outerwear using falling oblique cutters.
Later (in the twenties and thirties of the nineteenth century) the need arose to make metal products. The consumers were steam locomotives. It was for them that it was necessary to cut metal plates into identical sizes. There was no rolled metal yet; in the forge shops, strips and small sheets of metal came out from under the hammer. They were turned into lining parts for steam boilers, driver's cabins, and trailer cars. Conventional cutting with a hammer and chisel could not satisfy the developing railway transport. Rail transport appeared all over the world.
Guillotine for cutting metal
The first installations were manually driven. In order to perform cutting, it was necessary to install not only the knife itself, you also need to have a counter plate (fixed knife).
General view of a modern manual guillotine for cutting metal:
1 – table; shear plate; 3 – knife; 4 – crank; 5 – knife feed lever
A manual metal guillotine allows you to cut relatively small workpieces; the cutting width rarely exceeds 1200...1500 mm. In this case, the thickness of the cut parts depends on the material used for manufacturing.
Typically, small industries use similar machines for steel with a thickness of up to 0.5...0.7 mm. You can cut off plastic or different types of films. Flooring factories cut vinyl tiles.
In printing houses, before binding books, brochures and other publications, blocks are formed using manually driven guillotines. Subsequently, they are sent to the press, where printed products are created.
Cutting process on a guillotine machine:
1 – table for supplying material; 2 – metal sheet; 3 – anti-cutting blade; 4 – knife
Gap adjustment
When working, try to reduce the distance between the edges of the blades. The smaller it is, the cleaner the cut. However, when working with metal, operators are forced to move the fixed blade to increase clearance. As the thickness of the metal being cut increases, the distance becomes necessary to increase.
If you do not do this, the edges of the blade will crumble. The metal undergoes deformation changes. It behaves like a plastic substance and is squeezed out between the edges.
Gap δ between cutting edges
The thinner the workpieces, the closer the blades should be placed relative to each other. Table 1 presents recommendations for clearances depending on the thickness of 08 sp steel.
Table 1: Gaps between cutting edges for a manual guillotine when cutting 08 sp steel
| Sheet thickness, mm | |
| 0,08…0,095 | 0,02 |
| 0,100…0,195 | 0,03 |
| 0,200…0,295 | 0,04 |
| 0,300…0,395 | 0,05 |
| 0,400…0,495 | 0,06 |
| 0,500…0,595 | 0,07 |
| 0,600…0,695 | 0,08 |
| 0,700…0,800 | 0,09 |
When working on installations with a hydraulic or crank drive, the speed of movement of the knife is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to slightly increase the gap (Table 2).
Table 2: Clearances between cutting edges for mechanical guillotines
| Sheet thickness, mm | Gap between knife and shear plate, mm |
| 0,080…0,095 | 0,04 |
| 0,100…0,195 | 0,06 |
| 0,200…0,295 | 0,08 |
| 0,300…0,395 | 0,10 |
| 0,400…0,495 | 0,12 |
| 0,500…0,595 | 0,14 |
| 0,600…0,695 | 0,16 |
| 0,700…0,800 | 0,18 |
At a high speed of metal displacement (mechanical knives), heating occurs. If you do not increase the gap, then after several consecutive cuts the edges can heat up to such an extent that the metal can weld to the knives.
Oblique cut
When creating the first machines for mass executions, poor-quality cutting sometimes occurred. The straight blade did not cut skin and bone tissue from the first blow. Louis XVI, who was present during the testing of the installation, suggested that the inventor improve the device by making a falling blade with an angle. Sliding entry allows you to optimize the cutting angle and redistribute the load in the device.
When cutting occurs, the meeting of the edge with the material being cut does not occur simultaneously along the entire length of the knife. It gradually penetrates into the metal. Therefore, even a slight tilt, just a few degrees, can significantly reduce the amount of cutting resistance.
Setting the active blade at bevel angle β:
1 – active knife; 2 – passive knife; 3 – material to be cut
Modern small guillotine shears work with significant β angles. This is how the designers achieved a noticeable reduction in the forces on the knife. In some enterprises, even women work on such small-sized machines. They cope with the task of cutting metal.
Guillotine shears for cutting metal with manual drive
Manual machines
Many people think that manual machines are inconvenient for production. In fact, these installations are quite in demand in small enterprises. In conditions of small-scale production, it is important to ensure product quality:
- It is more important to ensure the exact dimensions of all parts.
- Proper edge processing. Deburring.
- Parallelism and perpendicularity of cut straight lines.
When a significant volume is required, quality is often relegated to the background. We need mechanical devices capable of producing several blows and cutting off a certain number of workpieces within a limited time.
If the workshop produces single products, then the speed and number of blows of the device are not so important.
Attention! Today in the construction market it is not difficult to buy metal Chinese doors at a relatively low price (2000...4000 rubles). But if you want to have a more durable and reliable door, you turn to workshops where a product with the specified characteristics will be made to order. It will have armor plates in the area where the locks are placed; the manufacturer will additionally provide its product with additional options that will prevent unwanted persons from entering inside.
Several metal fire doors with options to prevent the spread of smoke and fire are manufactured by small businesses. They use simple and reliable manually driven guillotines.
Professional manual guillotine
These installations provide the following:
- the sheet of metal is placed on a special table;
- with the help of additional side tables, the workpiece can have significant dimensions (up to 2500 mm in length and 2500 mm in width);
- regulation of the cutting depth is limited by a special stop located behind the movable knife;
- special guides allow you to ensure perpendicularity of the cut;
- other guides will precisely position the workpiece at the desired angle or allow it to move only in a parallel direction;
- Before cutting, to prevent possible vibrations in the active work zone, the workpiece is pressed against the table. Now it will not move in any direction.
Video: guillotine for cutting metal.
Mechanically driven guillotines
Hydraulic driven units
A distinctive feature of such machines is the ability to cut fairly thick metal workpieces. Equipment manufacturers note in their operating instructions that for structural steels the maximum thickness can be up to 40 mm.
Similar devices on the edge of the blades develop a force of 200...400 tons. In this case, it is important to use thick knives that can transmit forces in the cutting zone.
Installation with hydraulic drive. The pumping station is located outside the machine
To operate a hydraulically driven guillotine, you must have a special pumping station. From it, oil is supplied through reinforced hoses to the actuators. Liquid pressure can reach up to 135…150 bar. Hydraulic cylinders transmit force to the actuator through a system of levers.
The main advantage of such guillotines is their quiet operation. The knives move without impact.
On the control panel, the operator specifies a number of parameters, the built-in computer will make the calculations itself:
- what gap is required between the knives;
- where to set the emphasis;
- at what speed should oil be supplied to the hydraulic system?
If it is indicated that several parts of the same type will be cut, then this parameter is also indicated. Then the material will be supplied automatically.
The operator and assistant can only:
- place the sheet of metal on the work table;
- align it with the guides;
- align with stops;
- indicate the number of the program by which you want to cut metal;
- set the number of required parts.
At the end of the cycle, on the back side of the machine there will be chopped blanks or parts that need to be taken to the semi-finished product site. Other employees of the company use them in the following production processes.
The price for such machines is high, amounting to several tens or even hundreds of thousands of euros. Guillotines of this type are made to order. In the future, the equipment manufacturer maintains it throughout the entire life cycle of the process unit, provides it with programs and offers original spare parts. If necessary, even a fairly old machine can be modernized. After modernization, it is ready to serve on equal terms with new units for quite a long time.
Video: cutting metal with a guillotine.
Food for thought. In the thirties of the twentieth century, DIP-250 and DIP-350 lathes were purchased in Germany. More than eighty years have passed. This equipment continues to be successfully used at a number of enterprises. After major repairs, gun barrels for modern guns and tanks are processed on similar machines. Machines can last quite a long time.
Video: CNC hydraulic guillotine.
Electromechanical guillotine shears
The most common type of machine is the electromechanical guillotine shear. A shaft with a flywheel constantly rotates in them. Through the crank mechanism, torque is transmitted to the active knife.
To make a cut you need:
- place a sheet of metal on the table;
- set the focus to the specified size;
- fix the workpiece on the table and press it against the stop;
- press the control pedal.
The metal will be cut according to the markings. By moving the sheet again to the stop, you can repeat the operation.
These machines are quite lightweight. They equip small workshops and fairly large enterprises. They are characterized by high performance. You can cut up to 60 parts in a minute.
The disadvantage is the noise during operation. Here the metal is cut with a strong blow. You often have to send knives for sharpening. Edges tend to chip when subjected to impact loads.
It is necessary to frequently check the condition of the edges of finished products. If the formation of bent edges and burrs is observed, then the knives are removed and sent to a sharpening machine.
Video: operating principle of electromechanical guillotine shears.
Pneumatic guillotines
If there is a developed system of pneumatic pipelines, the enterprise uses equipment powered by compressed air. Pneumatic guillotines use air compressed by compressors to carry out basic production activities. They are equipped with pneumatic cylinders.
Installations of this type require a receiver. The volume of air used in the cycle can reach several liters, so a supply of working fluid is needed.
The operation of such devices is somewhat louder than when using hydraulics. But there are also advantages. On such machines it is easier to install computer control. Therefore, a number of European countries producing technological equipment are focusing on creating just such guillotines. It is easier to configure here; programs for managing production operations are written relatively simply.
Training operators for such machines is also easy. After just 2-3 days of work, workers master the basic techniques of working on a guillotine. All that remains is to issue them a production task, indicate the placement of workpieces and areas for unloading semi-finished products.
Video: guillotine shears.
Additional options in the workplace
To facilitate the work of operators on guillotine machines, pneumatic lifts with vacuum grippers are installed to help them.
- To lift a sheet from the bag, you need to move the gripper to the top sheet.
- A command is given to pump air out of the suction cups.
- The lift lifts the sheet to the desired height.
- The operator places it on the work table.
- The vacuum is turned off.
Machine-building and metalworking enterprises produce a wide range of metal products and structures, the manufacturing technology of which requires cutting profile and sheet metal. Sometimes even owners of home workshops, as well as workers at a construction site, have to perform this mandatory operation. To quickly and efficiently cut metal, you need to have the right equipment on hand. One of the most popular are guillotine shears, which today are available in several versions.
It is often necessary to cut metal using a guillotine when the owner of a home workshop or a worker at an industrial enterprise is faced with the task of producing large rectilinear parts - triangles, rectangles and strips with sides ranging from several centimeters to several meters. To obtain the required workpiece, it is necessary to process rolled metal with a thickness of 2 to 60 mm, a width of up to 2 meters and an almost unlimited length.
General characteristics
Modern guillotine shears have various technical characteristics that must be taken into account by specialists from industrial enterprises, as well as owners of private workshops engaged in the manufacture of products and structures from rolled metal. Among them, the most important parameters are:
Types of machines
Depending on the type of machine drive The following types of scissors are distinguished:
- manual;
- pneumatic;
- hydraulic;
- electromechanical.
Principle of operation
Metal cutting using guillotine shears is carried out due to the impact on the metal workpiece of a large pressure force and the sharp edge of the blade, acting on the principle of ordinary scissors. During the working process, the two blades of the cutting device are brought together. After the sheet or rolled metal is fixed, they move its adjacent layers and then make a cut using a sharp blade.
The process of cutting a metal workpiece using a guillotine machine consists of two operations - cutting and breaking.
When using a high-quality machine for cutting metal, the amount of metal scrap generated is very small and does not exceed 10%.
Simultaneously the cut acquires a smooth edge, without requiring additional processing. When cutting a workpiece with a dull cutting device or an incorrectly set gap, the ratio of cut to scrap changes. As a consequence, this leads to the appearance of a sharp protrusion on the lower edge, called a burr - a sign of poor cutting quality.
The burr makes the product unsafe, increasing the risk of injuring your hands, especially if a stainless steel workpiece was chosen for cutting. To prevent this, it is necessary to follow safety regulations when using guillotine-type scissors. Under no circumstances should you start cutting metal without gloves made of thick fabric or leather stripes. When a burr appears, the worker must immediately stop cutting metal and correct the mistake - change the settings or sharpen the knives.
Hydraulic guillotine shears
Industrial equipment designed for cutting metal that uses hydraulic drive system, has a large power reserve and is characterized by high performance. It is used mainly in serial or piece production of blanks with straight edges from rolled metal with a thickness of 2 to 20 mm and a cutting length of 1 to 3 m.
Industrial enterprises in their production activities use hydraulic machines that allow cutting sheets up to 6 m wide and more than 20 mm thick. This equipment has significant weight and dimensions, and is most often produced in single copies.
When using hydraulic guillotine-type machines, the cutting device creates a pressure exceeding 400 mPa along the entire length of the sheet being cut. The main working element is knives that can move in a straight line thanks to vertical guides or along an arcuate path. The latter option is capable of cutting workpieces made of thicker metal or an alloy of increased strength, even with less force exerted by the hydraulic drive. Moreover, this does not in any way affect the cutting accuracy.
To control the gaps between knives a special table is used, and adjustment of their location can be carried out both manually and in semi-automatic or automatic mode. A fairly popular type of hydraulic machines is CNC equipment. Its main advantages are minimal setup time and ease of changing the manufacturing mode of any of a dozen possible types of products, for which you only need to press one button. Due to the fact that all information is stored in the machine’s memory, this task is simplified as much as possible.
Hydraulic guillotine-type shears differ from similar devices in their quiet operation - while cutting metal, the knives move smoothly, without exerting strong impact-type impacts that accompany metal cutting when using electromechanical and pneumatic machines.
In resolving the security issue The operation of guillotine shears is assisted by photo sensors installed in the working area, protective screens and feed mechanism stroke limiters. To timely return the beam to its initial upper position, springs or storage shock absorbers are used.
Electromechanical shears
This type of guillotine machines is no less popular than hydraulic ones. They have the same high level of productivity, which can reach 60 knife strokes per minute, however, the working process is noisier. This is due to the crank drive mechanism, due to which the knife quickly moves to the lower position and has an impact on the workpiece.
Electromechanical machines They are mainly used in industries where it is necessary to ensure high productivity and cutting accuracy of straight workpieces of large size and thickness. At the same time, these machines are often used for cutting metal and in private workshops engaged in small-scale and handicraft production.
To effectively perform such tasks, manufacturers have created a whole series of low-power scissors. Not only are they compact in size, not requiring much space in the workshop, but they can also easily cope with the task of cutting workpieces made of various materials - stainless steel, plastic, copper, aluminum and galvanized sheet steel up to 2-3 mm thick.
To carry out the working process, a crank mechanism is connected to the upper beam with the knife, connected to the power take-off shaft, powered by an electric motor, started by pressing a pedal or button. When work begins, the torque from the eccentric is transmitted to both ends of the knife beam, as a result of which each blade exerts an equal force on the workpiece, ensuring a uniform cut. After each revolution of the shaft, the beam returns to its original upper position, after which the workpiece moves to the working area to perform the next cut.
The working elements used in the design of the CNC electromechanical guillotine make it one of the most accurate and productive machines for cutting and chopping metal. Their superiority over hydraulic models is ensured not only by their lower price, but also reliable kinematic scheme and ease of operation. Any specialist with metalworking qualifications is capable of making a high-performance guillotine machine with an electric drive with his own hands in a private workshop or small production.
Pneumatic guillotines
Industrial guillotine-type equipment for cutting metal, equipped with a drive powered by compressed air, is more productive than hydraulic machines, and practically does not differ in this parameter from electromechanical versions. To launch the cutting element in these machines, it is used compressor or central line with compressed air. Most often, pneumatically driven machines can be found at large metalworking enterprises engaged in the production of large-scale parts.
What these installations have in common with hydraulic and electrical machines is that they also belong to the stationary type of equipment. Their design includes large-area work tables, retractable containers for collecting finished products and an automated workpiece feeding device. Many models of pneumatic machines also have CNC controls. By increasing the speed of metal processing when using a pneumatic drive in combination with electronic control, productivity and at the same time the accuracy of workpiece processing increases.
Mechanical guillotine machines cutting metal driven by a lever or pedal can most often be found in industrial enterprises, as well as in private workshops. They remain in demand, even though they have limitations on the thickness of the workpieces processed and their types.
When equipping such guillotines for metal, the functions of the cutting element are performed by two knives. During the entire metal cutting process, the lower knife remains motionless. The main part of the work is performed by the upper knife, moving vertically downwards along the guides or rotating around its axis. In such machines, there is a rotation point at one end of the knife beam, and a handle at the other.
The cutting device, which can cut sheets more than 1 mm thick, drives the gearbox. Starting the mechanism in these machines can be provided by two types of drive:
- foot-operated, where the motor is turned on by a pedal;
- manual, in which the launch is carried out by a special lever.
Some models can use both types of drive simultaneously. To perform high-quality cutting of a metal workpiece, the guillotine machine must be installed on a flat surface on which the stability of the equipment will be ensured.
They are one of the most popular types of industrial equipment, which is used not only in the metalworking industry, but also in home workshops. Since manufacturers produce these machines in a wide variety of configurations, for each case of metal cutting, you can choose the most suitable model, taking into account the tasks at hand.
Equipment for cutting metal of the guillotine type is very popular, primarily due to the high productivity and accuracy of cutting metal workpieces. They can be used to cut not only metal, but also other materials, including aluminum, copper, brass and others. It is also important that these machines are very easy to use, so even the owner of a private workshop can quickly acquire the skills to work with such a machine and take advantage of all its advantages.
In some cases, if metalworking qualifications allow, it is even possible to make such a machine with your own hands. However, it is more advisable to purchase a ready-made machine that you can start using without prior preparation.
When manufacturing parts from sheet metal, it is often necessary to cut this material. To perform this operation, you can use a plasma cutter, but this method does not always allow you to get a perfectly straight edge and subsequently you have to perform additional finer processing of the workpiece.
To ensure a perfectly even cut, craftsmen use guillotine metal shears. This tool allows you to cold cut a metal surface in a straight line.
Before purchasing guillotine shears, you should understand the types and models of such machines, so as not to waste money on purchasing a complex and powerful device, the full functionality of which may not be needed.
The mechanism of operation of guillotine shears is very simple. The cutting structure itself consists of two parts, of which the lower one is stationary and rigidly fixed to the frame, and the upper one moves in the vertical direction using various types of drives.
This principle of cutting metal was named after the guillotine, which was used in France at the end of the 18th century to cut off the heads of criminals sentenced to death.
The main difference from the European execution instrument and metal processing machine is that the upper working blade is lowered onto the metal plane not only under the force of its own weight, but is necessarily reinforced by an electric or hydraulic drive. The simplest designs of a cutting device are driven by human muscle power.
Types of guillotine shears
According to the type of drive of the upper knife, they are divided into the following devices:
- Pneumatic.
- Hydraulic.
- Electromechanical.
- Manual.
1. The design of guillotine shears driven exclusively by human muscular power has both advantages and disadvantages.
The disadvantages of such a device include low productivity and significant physical labor costs.
The advantages of this method of cutting metal are more numerous:
- Low noise level.
- Energy independence.
- Mobility.
- Low cost.
Almost all models driven by human hands have a reduction gear, which, when meshed with a gear rack, allows cutting metal with the necessary force.
The use of "" also cannot be compared with modern powerful guillotine installations. The main disadvantage of any powerful machine is its high cost, but in the process of creating a business in which productivity and quality always come to the fore, significant financial costs are mandatory, especially at the initial stage.
Mechanical guillotine shears NA3121 and guillotine H3121 were created by employees of the design bureau of the Shimanovsky plant, specializing in the manufacture of forging and pressing units.
1 Basic information about guillotine shears
Such equipment is understood as a cutting tool with an inclined knife for transverse and longitudinal straight cutting of metal sheets. Guillotine shears make it possible to process sheets not only according to the markings, but also along the side or back stop without markings.
The described devices are usually divided depending on the type of drive used on them into:
- hydraulic;
- crank (otherwise called mechanical).
Hydraulic equipment has greater power, which can easily cope with steel sheets 6 centimeters thick. The cutting length of such scissors can exceed 8 meters. Mechanical devices are identical to hydraulic ones in a number of characteristics. Moreover, the former have a different drive system, suggesting that the crank device ensures movement of the blade in both the upper and lower directions.
The power of installations with a crank mechanism is lower than that of their hydraulic counterparts, so they are recommended for cutting workpieces with a thickness of 3 to 8 mm. But the metal processing speed of mechanical shears is higher (up to 56 cuts in one minute versus 3–18 for “hydraulics”).
In addition, guillotines have a different blade (upper) drive circuit. There are cantilever shears with a rotating beam and machines with a straight knife stroke. The first ones are characterized by the fact that their upper knife moves due to the rotation of the beam around the centers located in the rear part and on the side walls of the unit. Since the drive device for this very beam is located in similar installations inside the machine, they are compact in size.
In straight guillotines, the blade is connected to the frame. It is capable of moving along straight downward guides due to the operation of two hydraulic cylinders or a crank mechanism. This design makes it possible to change the cutting angle of sheets of different thicknesses. Rotary machines do not allow this. Their angle always remains the same as it was set by the installation manufacturer.
2 Guillotine shears H3121 – passport and characteristics
The machine passport contains the following technical data:
- maximum length of workpieces for cutting – 200 cm;
- weight – 7000 kg;
- width (along the back stop) of the cut piece – 50 cm;
- brake – band type;
- number of edges for cutting – 4 pieces;
- engine power – 18.5 kW;
- maximum cutting force – 50,000 kgf;
- number of cutting tool strokes – from 40 or more per minute;
- clamping force – 2900 kg;
- distance between posts – 228.5 cm;
- knife tilt (angle) – 2°10".
Knives with a hardness of 54 to 58 HRC for the described guillotine are produced according to State Standard 5950–73 from steel 6ХВ2С, 5ХВ2С, 6ХС. Their weight is 4.08 kilograms.
Scissors consist of the following basic structural elements:
- drive unit;
- bed;
- lubrication system and electrical equipment;
- pressure and knife beam;
- release clutch;
- protective grille and fences;
- back stop;
- table;
- drive shafts.
The frame is made in a welded form from sheet metal. Three ties and a work table connect the side posts of the machine into one unit. The lower cutting device (knife) is attached to the table. It allows you to set a specific gap size and adjust its value.
The guillotine drive is provided through a cylindrical gearbox with two stages and a V-belt drive by an engine. The knife beam of the device, through connecting rods, receives movement (reciprocating) from the crankshaft. To balance it, there is a special spring mechanism (it is called a balancer).
The unit coupling is made in a rigid form, has an electromagnet and two veneers (rotary). Its design significantly reduces the operating costs of guillotine shears, since they operate without air supply.
The sheet being cut is pressed against the work table by rods. The principle of connecting the connecting rods to the knife beam allows the height of the knives to be increased by 2 centimeters. This function is very important, as it makes it possible to cut the sheet in the longitudinal direction.
3 Guillotine NA3121 – characteristics and description of scissors
The installation is carried out with parameters that meet the requirements of the 1983 Technical Specifications 2–041–1068. This machine, made with an upper drive option, is used, most often in the procurement areas of enterprises involved in mechanical engineering.
The knife beam is rotated by a 17 kW motor. It is transmitted to the eccentric shaft through a brake clutch, transmission (V-belt), and gearbox (cylindrical in shape). After this, the rotation goes to the crank device and only then to the beam.
The table of the unit with the lower knives attached to it by means of screws rests on racks. The latter are fastened together to form a frame. The gap between the lower and upper knives is adjusted by moving the table horizontally.
The knife beam with knives (upper) is an L-shaped welded structure reinforced with stiffeners. Side and front supports are attached to the table. The back stop is mounted on the back of the knife beam and is installed using a screw mechanism.
The friction-type pneumatic brake clutch is rigidly locked and is located on the drive shaft (at its left end). Reducing dynamic loads and compensating the weight of the beam (knife) is provided by equalizers (pneumatic).
An electric motor is located on the sub-motor plate of the machine, which is hingedly connected to the frame. The brake is mounted on the crankshaft (on its right end). It ensures that the machine is paused periodically due to the fact that the pulley is mounted eccentrically to the axis of the crankshaft. Braking is possible at the moment when the beam (knife) reaches its upper position (inertial forces neutralize the phenomenon of its running).
The passport for scissors NA3121 provides a description of other components and mechanisms of the guillotine:
- electromagnetic control: the magnet begins to function at the command of the machine operator (pressing a pedal or a button on the control panel), its automatic operation is also possible.
- engagement clutch: located in the wheel (gear) hub on the crankshaft, consists of locking and working keys, two fixed bushings and springs;
- back stop: necessary for cutting sheets in the transverse direction; its design includes cylindrical slats, the movement of which allows you to set the stop line at the required distance from the edge of the cutting tool;
- guard: necessary to protect the rotating parts of the guillotine, consists of four casings made of steel 1.6 mm thick, they cover the brake mechanism of the unit, the transmission flywheel, the engine pulley and the drive shafts.
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