Among other continents of the globe, the continent of Australia occupies a very special place. Figuratively speaking, we can say that of all the continents, Australia is THE continent, where the superlative degree of the adjective “most” defines the unique characteristics inherent only to this continent. The oldest, smallest, greenest, driest and least studied, despite its advanced age, is Australia. What continent can still boast of such definitions?
Geographical location of Australia
Australis translated from Latin means “southern”, that is, the name of the mainland speaks for itself. The continent of Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere of the planet. It is part of one of the six parts of the world - Australia and Oceania.
According to one of the scientific versions about the origin of the earth's continents, Australia was the first to separate from the common huge continent that existed on the planet many millions of years ago. Australia is located at a considerable distance relative to other continents.
This affected the uniqueness of fauna and flora, which developed far from the rest of the world according to their own laws. There are examples of plants and animals that have not undergone significant changes since the formation of the continent and are found only here (endemics). Such a remote position of the continent was the reason that Australia became known to Europeans a full hundred years later than America. 
In the north, west and south, the continent is washed by the Indian Ocean, in the east by the Pacific Coral and Tasman seas.
Not far from the mainland there are two large islands. These are Tasmania and New Guinea.
And the Australian mainland itself, based on its size, can rather be called a huge island than a continent. 3700 km long and 4000 km wide - the magnitude cannot be compared, for example, even with one country of the Eurasian continent, Russia.
Climate of Australia
The special geographical location of the Australian mainland has determined the presence of as many as six climatic zones on the small continent (according to the Köppen classification).
The tropics are dominated by two types of tropical climate: dry and wet. The trade winds dominate on the eastern edge of the continent; they bring humid air from the ocean, and with it warm and beneficial weather to Australia.
But when crossing the Great Dividing Range, the winds lose moisture. Beyond the ridge there is little precipitation.
The central subtropical part of the continent is very hot, the influence of the seas here is weak. It is not for nothing that Australia was “honored” of the status of the driest continent. A huge space is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, precipitation falls there extremely irregularly, and the hot sun instantly evaporates moisture.
The humid subtropical climate zone (the states of Victoria and South Wales) enjoys humid heat and plenty of rain, which has a beneficial effect on raising livestock and growing fruit trees.
Only the inhabitants of the southern part of the island of Tasmania enjoy a life-giving temperate climate. This is a real Eden for living and relaxation, perhaps the only one in the Commonwealth of Australia.
Where does the continent end?
Any continent has an uneven coastline, and there are parts of the land that jut sharply into the sea, the so-called capes. The extreme points of mainland Australia are Cape York in the north and Cape South Point in the south. The extreme point to the east is Cape Byron, the extreme point to the west is Cape Steep Point.
The coordinates of the extreme points of mainland Australia are determined in geographical units of latitude and longitude. So, the most northern cape lies at 10°41′21″ south latitude and 142°31′50″ east longitude.
Cape South Point (southern point) is located at 39°08′20″ S. w. 146°22′26″ E. d.
The coordinates of the extreme points in the east and west, respectively, are 28°38′15″ S. w. 153°38′14″ E. long and 26°09′05″ south. w. 113°09′18″ E. d.
Relief features of Australia
In the distant prehistoric past, Australia and Africa formed the entire continent of Gondwana. Australia broke away from it at the end of the Mesozoic period. Currently, the basis of the new continent is the Australian Platform (Precambrian). Its foundation has a crystalline structure; in some places it protrudes to the surface, forming peculiar shields. Thick layers of sedimentary rock, deposited by the sea and formed from the earth, cover the basement of the continent in the eastern part.
The relief of mainland Australia is determined by its geological structure. Plains, hills, mountains and plateaus - the continent's topography is striking in its diversity. And this despite the fact that Australia is the smallest continent on the globe.
Extinct volcanoes remain on the mainland. There are no longer any active ones, just as there is no usual mountain glaciation.
Green continent
Since the discovery, scientists and navigators have been extremely interested in Australia; descriptions of the continent have been preserved in many traveler records. Their observations surprisingly coincide with the modern view of the unique continent. 
The flora is unique and interesting. More than 10 thousand plants live on the mainland, most of them endemic, which include some local species of acacias, eucalyptus trees and succulents. Forced to grow in dry climates, plants and trees have long and strong roots that allow them to extract water from great depths.
The areas, generously watered by rain, are covered with evergreen forests. The settlers, the founders of the first colonies, did not find any plants and trees known in the Old World on the unfamiliar continent. Much later, trees, shrubs and herbs unusual for the continent were brought here. In the fertile climate, grapes, grains, cotton, rice, corn, and fruit trees took root.
To this day, the Australian mainland never ceases to amaze with discoveries in the field of flora and fauna.
The continent and its adjacent islands form a single state, the Commonwealth of Australia. Interest in the Green Continent has not waned for many centuries. Nature, landscapes, as if created by the hand of a skilled designer, wildlife, and the way of life of Australians attract a huge number of tourists here.
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When studying continents, an inquisitive person will look for data not only about climate, animal and plant life. He will definitely make a mental or visual list of interesting places that he would like to visit. These can be cultural sites, historical monuments, nature reserves and more. Many people want to know about the extreme points of the continent they are studying. Where are they located, is there anything to see there? Take, for example, the extreme points of the Australian mainland. What is known about these places? Let's take a closer look at them.
Brief information about the continent
To begin with, let’s define what Australia is (we’ll look at the extreme points below). The roots of the name go back to Latin. The word australis means "southern". Location - Eastern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth. The only country on the mainland is Australia.
The area of the continent is relatively small, it is 7,659,861 km². Scientists estimate that this is only 5% of the Earth's total land area. If you travel from north to south of the continent, you will have to overcome 3.2 thousand km. From the western to the eastern coast the distance is slightly greater - 4 thousand km. As you understand, these data were obtained between the extreme protrusions of the continent, which are worth talking about in more detail.
Extreme points on the map
We will first present the extreme points of Australia and their coordinates in a single list, and below we will look in a little more detail:
- The extreme point on the eastern side is Cape Byron. You should look for this place at coordinates 28°38′15″ south. latitude, 153°38′14″ east. d.
- On the western side of the mainland, the farthest point is Cape Steep Point, whose coordinates are 26°09′05″ south. latitude, 113°09′18″ east. d.
- The most protruding point into the ocean from the northern coast of the mainland is considered to be the point at Cape York. Location - 10°41′21″ south. latitude, 142°31′50″ east. d.
- Opinions vary somewhat about Australia's southernmost extremes. The farthest continental mark is at Cape South Point (9°08′20″ S, 146°22′26″ E). But many consider it to be the main continent, which gives the right to consider the South East Cape (43°38′40″ S, 146°49′30″ E) as the extreme southern point.
Eastern point
Australia, the extreme points of which we are considering, has tried to develop resort infrastructure with minimal damage to wildlife. That is why the easternmost cape of the mainland amazes with its natural grandeur and beauty.
The name of the cape was chosen by the famous navigator James Cook. So he immortalized the name of Vice Admiral John Byron from Britain. There is often confusion and the name of the cape is attributed to Lord George Byron, the great English Romantic poet. But it is worth remembering that Cook visited the site in 1770, and Lord Byron was born in 1788, but Vice Admiral John Byron was the grandfather of the great British poet.
Today the cape has become a popular resort area, favored by fans of extreme sports. Surfers from all over the world come here, and hang gliding is also developed. For more relaxing activities, sea animal watching from the Byron Bay Lighthouse observation deck and scenic walks are offered. Well, the calmest tourists can just lie on the beach.
The distance from Sydney to the easternmost point is almost 800 km. You can get here by car or bus in 10 hours.
Western point
Steep Point is a very interesting place. It is the tip of the Idel Land Peninsula, which is a World Heritage Site called Shark Bay.
The first name of the cape was recorded in 1697 by the traveling Dutchman Willem Flaming. For over a hundred years the place was called Steyle Hock, which means “steep cape” in Dutch. The second name was invented by the Frenchman Freycinet. This happened in 1801. The place became known as Point Escarpee. But the name did not become popular, and in 1822 F. King returned the first version, but in an English translation. Since that time, the cape has been designated on maps as Steep Point.
The cape fully lives up to its name. Its limestone shores are steep and precipitous. And Shark Bay itself is famous for its unique ecosystem. There is a lot of algae and plankton here. There are dugongs, bottlenose dolphins, sharks and many other rare inhabitants. Steep Point is very popular among fishermen.
Northern point
The northernmost point of Australia is Cape York. To visit this place, you need to go to Cape York Peninsula in Queensland. The name of this cape was also given by James Cook.
Cape York is one of the most inaccessible places in Australia (the extreme points of other sides of the continent are more populated and visited). It takes almost 2 days to get to the cape using off-road vehicles. There is virtually no infrastructure here. The main attraction is the unique clouds, which are called “morning glory”. They are formed at an altitude of up to 2 km, and their length can reach 1000 km.
South point
The southernmost tip of the continent opens into the Bass Strait, which separates Australia and Tasmania. It is part of the Wilsons Promontory Peninsula. On the peninsula there is a national park with unique flora and fauna.
The cape is uninhabited, it is almost bare rock. You can understand that you are at the extreme point of the mainland by looking at the information sign. There are no big cities nearby. The nearest small town is more than 12 km away. Even the lighthouse had to be installed on a nearby cape, where there is more space.
Tasmania was once connected to the continent by a mountain range, but over time it disappeared under water. That is why the southernmost tip of Australia is sometimes called the Tasmanian South East Cape. It is also uninhabited.
As you understand, the extreme points of Australia may be inaccessible for travelers. At least some of them.
1. Determine the position of North America relative to the equator, the prime meridian. meridian 180 degrees, tropics, polar circles washing itoceans and other continents.
2. Determine the coordinates of the extreme points of the continent: northern - Cape Murchison, southern - Cape Mariato, western - Cape Prince of Wales and eastern - Cape St. Charles. Calculate the length of North America from north to south and from west to east in degrees and kilometers.
3. Give a description of the coastline of the mainland, name the largest seas, bays, straits, islands and peninsulas. Compare the coastline of North America with the coastlines of Africa and Eurasia.
landforms
4.What does the geography of continents and oceans study?
5. Hypotheses of the origin of continents and oceans
6. determine the geographical coordinates of the extreme points of Australia
7.history of the discovery of Antarctica
8.describe the major river systems of South America on a map
9.characterize the climate zone
10. Regularities of the geographical envelope
11. Systematic belts of the earth
12. determine the geographic coordinates of the extreme points of continent Africa
13history of discovery and exploration of Central Asia
14characterize the Arctic Ocean
15Determine the extent of Africa from north to south
16climate maps, features of the distribution of heat and moisture on the surface of the earth
17reserves of Africa
18Describe the Amazon River
19physical and geographical characteristics of the Pacific Ocean
20value of natural resources (mineral, climatic, water, land, biological)
21show seas inhabiting continent Eurasia
22main types of air masses and their influence on climate
23need for international cooperation in the use of nature
24description of the Nile River according to plan
25 constant winds and conditions for their formation
26characteristics of southern European countries
27describe the population of mainland Australia
28waters of the world's oceans
29features of nature in Great Britain
30determine the geographical coordinates of Italy
31natural areas of Africa
32future of the oceans
34determine the geographic coordinates of the extreme points of the Eurasian continent
35originality of the organic world of Australia
36current formations and their types
37description of Italy according to plan
38changes in the nature of the continent of South America under the influence of human activity
39characterize any natural area
40determine the length of the Australian mainland from west to east in kilometers
41maps - the second language of geography
42inland waters of Eurasia
43determine the geographic coordinates of the extreme points of the continent of South America
45nature of Antarctica
46relief features of Australia
47seas washing the continent of North America
48development of the earth by man
49continental and oceanic crust
50show on political map
51features of the nature of Antarctica
52change of nature under the influence of human economic activity
53characteristics of the Don River according to plan
54natural complexes of land and ocean
56modern exploration of the continent of Antarctica
57show large lithospheric plates on the map
58role of the atmosphere in the life of the earth
59features of geographical oceania
60characteristics of a learned traveler (optional)
61climatic zones of the earth
62location of mineral deposits on the South American mainland
63characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean
64geographical shell our common home
65relief of the oceans
66describe the geographical location of the continent of South America according to plan
Australia is an incredibly interesting and in many ways paradoxical country. This is the only state that occupies the entire continent. Most of the country's territory is desert. About nine thousand Australian plants are unique, and there are several times fewer people living here than rabbits and kangaroos. From the article the reader will gain information about where the extreme points of Australia are located (and their coordinates). In addition, a brief description of the flora and fauna of the remote capes of the Green Continent will be given.
Extreme points of Australia and their coordinates
Even before the discovery of this continent, people assumed that in the southern part of our planet there was an unknown land. Initially, these unknown land areas were called Southern Land. After making a journey that revealed to us the secrets of this continent, it began to be called Australia.
The continent is located in the Southern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. It is surrounded by the waters of two oceans, as well as many small islands. Not far from it there are large islands - Tasmania in the south and New Guinea in the north. The world's largest coral formation, the Great Barrier Reef, runs parallel to the northeastern coast. Another interesting feature: the Southern Tropic runs almost through the center of the Australian continent.
To the north and east are the Coral and Tasman Seas: they belong to the waters of the Pacific Ocean. From the west and south, the continent is washed by the seas of the Indian Ocean - Timor and Arafura.
Of the six continents, the Green Continent is the smallest. The extreme points of Australia and their coordinates are as follows:
The distance between Cape York and South Point is 3,200 km, and between Steep Point and Byron - 4,000 km. More information about which extreme points of Australia and what their features will be discussed below.
Cape York
Cape York Peninsula is the northernmost point of Australia. The name of the cape was given in honor of an English duke, after the navigator James Cook first circumnavigated the world.
Cape York is rocky and along the coast there are mangrove forests where crocodiles live. Sometimes you can see a phenomenon called “morning gloria” here. It looks like a lot of thick clouds stretching across the sky. The territory of the cape is undeveloped and wild, since getting to it is quite difficult and locals rarely come here.
Cape South Point
The island of Tasmania is sometimes considered to be part of the Australian continent when discussing the coordinates of the extreme points of mainland Australia. In this case, its southern point is called the South East Cape, but it would be more correct not to include the island as part of the mainland.
South Point is located within Australia's oldest national park. Its name coincides with the name of the peninsula on which the cape and reserve are located - Wilsons Promontory.
Cape Steep Point
The name of the cape came from the Dutchman Willem Flaming, who was the first European to see it. The name is translated as “steep cape”, which is fully justified due to the steep rocky shores up to 200 meters high.
Fishermen love to visit Steep Point. The western point of Australia, together with the Idel Land Peninsula, is part of Shark Bay and is protected by UNESCO. Shark Bay is a bay with a unique ecosystem. Thanks to the algae that cover its bottom, it is home to many plankton, dugongs, bottlenose dolphins and other ocean inhabitants.
Cape Byron
James Cook also visited the easternmost point of Australia, naming it in honor of John Byron, the grandfather of the famous poet. In the 18th century, Vice Admiral Byron set off on the ship "Dolphin" on a voyage around the world, for which his name was immortalized in the name of the cape.
Currently, tourists from all over the world come here to enjoy the incredible views of the Indian Ocean that open from the lighthouse observation deck. This lighthouse is very old - its creation dates back to 1901. Fans of extreme sports also often come to Cape Byron.
Conclusion
So, the extreme points of Australia and their coordinates are now known to the inquisitive reader. These are capes: York, Steep Point, South Point and Byron, and two of them were named personally by the famous traveler and geographer James Cook.
Australia is a huge natural reserve that has no analogues on the planet. Animals similar to those that lived on Earth in ancient times still roam here. Many of them do not live in any other corner of the globe. Eucalyptus trees, kangaroos, bottle trees, emus – the amazing and unique world of the Green Continent constantly attracts people from all over the world.
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