For informational purposes, the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI) presented documents regulating the structure of the Unified State Exam KIM. You can learn about the main innovations from the specification. As you can see, the new version of the CMM version contains 2 parts, consisting of 40 tasks of varying complexity. By the way, there has been a decrease in the maximum score for completing all work - in 2015 it is 64 (in 2014 - 65).

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry?

Learning the language of chemistry

Like any other subject, chemistry needs to be understood, not crammed. After all, chemistry is a continuous interweaving of formulas, laws, definitions, names of reactions and elements. Here it is important to learn the chemical “language”, and then it will be easier - you will be able to notice some patterns, learn to understand and compose chemical formulas, as well as operate with them. As we know, “the one who walks masters the road.”

What books will help you successfully prepare for the Unified State Exam 2015 in chemistry? Pay attention to the collection of tasks "Unified State Examination - 2015. Chemistry." (2014 ed.) authors Orzhekovsky P.A., Bogdanova N.N., Vasyukova E.Yu. A lot of useful information can also be gleaned from the educational and methodological manual “Chemistry, preparation for the Unified State Exam - 2015” (Book 1 and 2) by V.N. Doronkin.

Using tables correctly is half the success

To prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry “from scratch,” it is important to carefully study 3 tables:

Mendeleev
solubility of salts, acids and bases
electrochemical voltage series of metals

On a note! These reference tables are included with each version of the examination paper. The ability to use them correctly ensures that you receive more than 50% of the information needed in the exam.

Writing formulas and tables

Knowledge of which sections of chemistry will be tested on the Unified State Exam? The FIPI website provides access to an open bank of Unified State Examination tasks in chemistry - you can try your hand at solving problems. The codifier contains a list of content elements tested on the Unified State Exam in chemistry.

It is better to outline each topic studied in the form of brief notes, diagrams, formulas, tables. In this form, the effectiveness of preparation for the Unified State Exam will significantly increase.

Mathematics as a basis

It is no secret that chemistry as a subject is “saturated” with various tasks on percentages, alloys, and the amount of solutions. So knowledge of mathematics is very important for solving chemical problems.

We check our level of knowledge and skills using a demo version of the KIM Unified State Exam 2015 in chemistry, prepared by FIPI. The demo version allows the graduate to get an idea of the CMM structure, types of tasks and their levels of complexity.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry “from scratch”? Study the material meaningfully, ask questions, try to understand the essence. There are also numerous Internet resources at your disposal, with the help of which you can sort out “incomprehensible” moments. It is possible to successfully pass the Unified State Exam – believe in yourself! And our video will reveal to you some secrets of preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry.

Unified State Exam. Chemistry. Full course A, B, C. Independent preparation for the Unified State Exam. Lidin R.A.

M.: 2013. - 352 p.

The textbook contains material for preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry. 43 topics of the Unified State Exam program are presented, tasks for which correspond to basic (28), advanced (10) and high (5) levels of complexity. The entire theory is structured in accordance with the topics and issues of the content of control measurement materials. Each topic contains theoretical principles, questions and exercises, tests of all types (single-choice, matching, multiple-choice or number-based), and tasks with a detailed answer. Addressed to teachers and students of senior secondary schools, as well as university applicants, teachers and students of chemical faculties (schools) of pre-university training.

Format: pdf

Size: 3.5 MB

Watch, download: yandex.disk

CONTENT
PREFACE 7
1. Theoretical sections of chemistry
1.1. Modern ideas about the structure of the atom 8
1.2. Periodic Law and Periodic Table of Chemical Elements D.I. Mendeleeva 17
1.2.1. Patterns of changes in the chemical properties of elements and their compounds by periods and groups 17
1.2.2-1.2.3. General characteristics of metals of the main subgroups of groups I-III and transition elements (copper, zinc, chromium, iron) according to their position in the Periodic Table and the structural features of their atoms 23
1.2.4. General characteristics of non-metals of the main subgroups of groups IV-VII according to their position in the Periodic Table and the structural features of their atoms 29
1.3. Chemical bonding and structure of matter 43
1.3.1. Covalent bond, its varieties and mechanisms of formation. Polarity and energy of covalent bonds. Ionic bond. Metal connection. Hydrogen bond 43
1.3.2. Electronegativity and oxidation state of chemical elements. Valence of atoms 51
1.3.3. Substances of molecular and non-molecular structure. Type of crystal lattice. Dependence of the properties of substances on their composition and structure 57
1.4. Chemical reaction 66
1.4.1-1.4.2. Classification of reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry. Thermal effect of the reaction. Thermochemical Equations 66
1.4.3. Reaction speed, its dependence on various factors 78
1.4.4. Reversible and irreversible reactions. Chemical balance. Shift of equilibrium under the influence of various factors 85
1.4.5. Dissociation of electrolytes in aqueous solutions. Strong and weak electrolytes 95
1.4.6. Ion exchange reactions 106
1.4.7. Hydrolysis of salts. Aqueous solution environment: acidic, neutral, alkaline 112
1.4.8. Redox reactions. Corrosion of metals and methods of protection against it 125
1.4.9. Electrolysis of melts and solutions (salts, alkalis, acids) 141
2. Inorganic chemistry
2.1. Classification of inorganic substances. Nomenclature of inorganic substances (trivial and international) 146
2.2. Characteristic chemical properties of simple substances - metals: alkali, alkaline earth, aluminum, transition metals - copper, zinc, chromium, iron 166
2.3. Characteristic chemical properties of simple substances - non-metals: hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, silicon 172
2.4. Characteristic chemical properties of oxides: basic, amphoteric, acidic 184
2.5-2.6. Characteristic chemical properties of bases, amphoteric hydroxides and acids 188
2.7. Characteristic chemical properties of salts: medium, acidic, basic, complex (using the example of aluminum and zinc compounds) 194
2.8. Interrelation of various classes of inorganic substances 197
3. Organic chemistry
3.1-3.2. Theory of the structure of organic compounds: homology and isomerism (structural and spatial). Hybridization of carbon 200 atomic orbitals
3.3. Classification of organic compounds. Nomenclature of organic compounds (trivial and international). Radical. Functional group 207
3.4. Characteristic chemical properties of hydrocarbons: alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, dienes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene and toluene) 214
3.5. Characteristic chemical properties of saturated monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, phenol 233
3.6. Characteristic chemical properties of aldehydes, saturated carboxylic acids, esters 241
3.7. Characteristic chemical properties of nitrogen-containing organic compounds: amines, amino acids 249
3.8. Biologically important compounds: fats, proteins, carbohydrates (mono-, di- and polysaccharides) 253
3.9. Relationship between organic compounds 261
4. Methods of knowledge in chemistry. Chemistry and life
4.1. Experimental Fundamentals of Chemistry 266
4.1.1-4.1.2. Rules for working in the laboratory. Methods for separating mixtures and purifying substances 266
4.1.3-4.1.5. Determination of the nature of the medium of aqueous solutions of substances. Indicators. Qualitative reactions to inorganic substances and ions. Identification of organic compounds 266
4.1.6. The main methods of obtaining (in the laboratory) specific substances belonging to the studied classes of inorganic compounds 278
4.1.7. The main methods of obtaining hydrocarbons (in the laboratory) 279
4.1.8. The main methods for obtaining oxygen-containing organic compounds (in the laboratory) 285
4.2. General ideas about industrial methods for obtaining essential substances 291
4.2.1. The concept of metallurgy: general methods for producing metals 291
4.2.2. General scientific principles of chemical production (using the example of the production of ammonia, sulfuric acid, methanol). Chemical pollution of the environment and its consequences 292
4.2.3. Natural sources of hydrocarbons, their processing 294
4.2.4. High molecular weight compounds. Polymerization and polycondensation reactions. Polymers. Plastics, rubbers, fibers 295
4.3. Calculations using chemical formulas and reaction equations 303
4.3.1-4.3.2. Calculations of volumetric ratios of gases and thermal effect in reactions 303
4.3.3. Calculation of the mass of a solute contained in a certain mass of a solution with a known mass fraction 307
4.3.4. Calculation of the mass of a substance or volume of gases from a known amount of a substance, mass or volume of one of the substances participating in the reaction 313
4.3.5-4.3.8. Calculations: mass (volume, amount of substance) of the reaction product, if one of the substances is given in excess (has impurities) or in the form of a solution with a certain mass fraction of the substance; practical yield of product, mass fraction (mass) of substance in mixture 315
4.3.9. Calculations to find the molecular formula of a substance 319
Typical exam paper
Instructions for performing work 324
Answers to the standard version of the examination paper 332
Answers to tasks for independent work 334
APPLICATIONS 350

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry is, as a rule, preparation for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry from scratch.

The curriculum in ordinary schools is structured in such a way that the hours allocated for chemistry are absolutely not enough to begin to understand something.

Students remember only a few templates from the school curriculum. For example: “The reaction proceeds to completion if gas, sediment or water is obtained.” But what kind of reaction, what kind of sediment - none of the high school students knows! At school they don’t go into these details. And in the end, even behind the apparent success, behind the A’s in school, there is no understanding.

When preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry from scratch, it is worth starting with the most ordinary school textbooks for the eighth and ninth grade. Yes, the textbook does not provide the proper level of explanation that is needed to understand what is happening. Be prepared that you will simply have to memorize some of the information.

If you are preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry from scratch and reading a school textbook, you are learning chemistry like a foreign language. After all, in a foreign language at the beginning of learning there are also some incomprehensible words, incomprehensible letters. And you need to spend some time and effort on studying the “alphabet” and basic “dictionary”, otherwise nothing will work out further.

Chemistry is an empirical science, and this is what distinguishes it from mathematics. We are dealing with facts that we are trying to explain. First we become familiar with a certain fact, and when it is beyond doubt, we explain it. There are a lot of facts in chemistry, and it is difficult to understand them if you are preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry from scratch. Therefore, we start with an ordinary school textbook. For example, a textbook, the authors of which are G. E. Rudzitis and F. G. Feldman, or N. E. Kuzmenko, V. V. Lunin, V. V. Eremin.

And after that we need to move on to serious books. Because if you are preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry from scratch, trying to “jump” straight into a serious book may end in failure. At the same time, school textbooks alone will not be enough to prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry!

I wrote a guide to prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry. It's called “Chemistry. Author’s course of preparation for the Unified State Exam.” This is a book for those who have already read school textbooks, who do not need to be told from scratch what valence is and what symbol denotes what element.

Another piece of advice for those who are preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry from scratch.
In this situation, there is no point in “spraying” on the Olympiads, because there will be almost no chance of solving anything there. If you started preparing in advance, and by the beginning of 11th grade you are writing test exams in chemistry worth 70 points, then it makes sense to participate. It is worth studying the individual sections of physical chemistry that are needed for the Olympiad and trying your hand.

But what to do if a high school student wants to prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry from scratch and does not understand the school textbook? Can't understand! He wants to become a doctor, but he doesn’t understand the school textbook. What then? Go to a tutor?

You can try taking a different school textbook. They are all written in different languages and have slightly different approaches. But if a high school student decides to prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry from scratch and cannot master a single textbook on school chemistry for the 8th grade... Maybe then it’s worth thinking about a specialty that is easier to cope with? Such an applicant will spend a lot of effort on admission, but if he passes, then, most likely, it will be a paid one, and then he will also drop out! After all, studying in medical school is much harder than preparing for the Unified State Exam for admission to medical school. If preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry causes insoluble difficulties, absolutely insurmountable ones, then studying in medicine will be much more difficult! Remember this when preparing for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry from scratch.

Today we will talk about how to prepare for the Unified State Exam in chemistry. First of all, you need to study the codifiers and specifications posted on the official FIPI website, understand the structure of the work, and then systematize your knowledge. It is worth noting that if you are preparing for the exam from scratch, then you need to start at least a year in advance.

Unified State Exam in Chemistry

The final work contains 40 tasks, of which 35 require a choice of answers (Part 1), and 5 require an expanded answer (Part 2). The level of difficulty is also different: 26 are basic, 9 are intermediate, 5 are advanced. When solving the most complex problems, graduates are required to use existing skills in a non-standard situation, systematize and generalize knowledge. Questions that require a complete answer require finding cause-and-effect relationships, formulating and justifying the answer, characterizing the properties of substances and solving chemical problems, and making calculations.

Unified State Examination tasks in chemistry cover four main content modules: theoretical foundations of chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, methods of knowledge in chemistry, chemistry and life.

180 minutes are allotted for work.

Unified State Examination in Chemistry 2015In the new academic year, innovations appeared in the structure of work:

number of tasks reduced to 40
only 26 basic level questions left (for single choice)
for questions 1-26 you only need to write down one number
You can get 64 points for passing the test
tasks to find the molecular formula of substances are now worth 4 points.

As before, it is allowed to have the periodic system of D.I. Mendeleev, in addition, graduates are given tables of solubility and stress of metals.

Preparing for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry

To be prepared for certification in chemistry, it is important to systematize the knowledge acquired. The best way to do this is to use the following guides:

A guide for preparing for the Unified State Exam in chemistry. A. A. Drozdov, V. V. Eremin
Unified State Exam. Chemistry. Express preparation. O. V. Meshkova
Electronic resource: himege.ru/teoriya-ege-himiya/

An obligatory part of preparation is solving tests. Demo options, as well as tasks from the open task bank, can be found here: www.fipi.ru/content/otkrytyy-bank-zadaniy-ege

You can use test collections:

Chemistry. The most complete publication of standard versions of tasks for preparing for the Unified State Exam. O. G. Savinkina
Unified State Exam 2015, chemistry. Typical test tasks. Yu. N. Medvedev
Chemistry. Preparation for the Unified State Exam - 2015. V. N. Doronkin, A. G. Berezhnaya

Video

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