How to connect autonomous heating in an apartment. How to make an effective heating system in an apartment with your own hands

Do you think that heat bills are too high and the quality of service is unsatisfactory? Don't want to depend on planned and unscheduled outages? Tired of sudden temperature changes in batteries that do not correspond to weather changes? You have a completely legitimate opportunity to solve all these problems at once by installing your own heating boiler and disconnecting from the central heating network. But before you go to a plumbing store, you need to get as much information as possible about how to do everything correctly and in accordance with building codes. Do you want to properly arrange autonomous heating in your apartment? Then get some basic information about this case here.

Pros and cons of autonomous heating in an apartment

How advisable is it to refuse centralized heating in an apartment building? Let's start with an overview of the benefits that an autonomous heating system in an apartment can bring to you.

Important! When changing the power of the heating boiler, follow the known limits. Do not reduce the room temperature to values that are less than the figures prescribed in building codes. Otherwise, you will “freeze out” neighboring apartments, which can lead to unwanted conflicts with neighbors.

Diagram showing the autonomous heating system in an apartment. The boiler receives fuel from a gas supply line equipped with shut-off valves and a meter. It is also connected to a cold water supply - a double-circuit boiler, and, in addition to heating the apartment, supplies residents with hot water. In the diagram you can see that the cold water line going to the heater is equipped with a filter - its presence significantly extends the service life of the equipment. Of course, the “supply” and “return” of the heating system also depart from the boiler, through which water flows to the radiators and the “warm floor” system

It should be understood that independent heating of an apartment has its own disadvantages and problems. If you are going to install autonomous heating at home, be sure to familiarize yourself with them so that they do not become an unpleasant surprise for you in the future. Which should be d, you can find out in our article.

Now, having familiarized ourselves with the positive and negative sides of autonomous heating, we will tell you how to make it. The entire process can be represented as several steps performed sequentially.

Work with documents - obtaining permission to disconnect from the centralized heat supply and install your own, autonomous system.
Selecting the power of the heating system for your apartment.
Choosing a boiler for autonomous heating
Installation work - installation of meters and boiler, laying pipes, etc.

Competent work with documents is half the success

In the following sections of this article we will look at all these steps, but in more detail. So let's get started.

Preparation of documents for the installation of autonomous heating

The first 50% of success in arranging autonomous heating in an apartment consists of paperwork and going through many bureaucratic delays. To make your task easier, we have compiled approximate step-by-step instructions on how to prepare the necessary papers and coordinate all the work.

Step 1. Collect a package of documents that you will need to obtain permission to disconnect from the centralized heating supply and install autonomous heating:

technical passport for the apartment:
documents confirming the ownership of housing or their notarized copies;
consent to the redevelopment of all those living in the apartment;
application for disconnection from centralized heating;
application for redevelopment of an apartment.

Step 2. Find out who owns the heating system. If it is communal, then to disconnect from it and connect autonomous heating you will need to obtain the written consent of all residents of the house.

Step 3. With an application for disconnection from centralized heating and other documents, contact the management company (or HOA).

Step 4. Within ten days, you must obtain permission to disconnect from the general heating network and technical specifications (abbreviated as TU) for the heating boiler and autonomous heating system.

Important! If the management company refuses you permission, find out the reason. If it is unfounded, challenge this decision in court. Remember, you have the right to autonomous heating in your own apartment.

Step 5. With technical specifications and other documents, contact a specialized organization that will draw up a project for an autonomous heating system. They must also determine whether you have the technical ability to install such a system and whether this will not harm the other residents, the building itself and its utilities.

Step 6. Submit the application for redevelopment along with the project, technical calculations and other documents to the local government authorities. Within 45 days they must issue you permission to install autonomous heating.

Step 7 If you intend to install a gas boiler, coordinate this event with the gas service in your city.

Step 8 If necessary, confirm with the fire department that your redevelopment project meets all codes.

Some bureaucratic aspects of paperwork and permission for autonomous heating in an apartment may differ in different regions. Please check these points with your local administration in advance.

Important! Remember that any unauthorized work that is not agreed upon with the gas service and management company is unacceptable. First, such conditions create a risk for you, your family and neighbors. Secondly, this threatens problems with the law, courts, fines and an official requirement to dismantle autonomous heating in the apartment.

Selection of boiler power for autonomous heating

During the preparation of the project and permission to install autonomous heating, it is necessary to determine what power boiler will be sufficient to heat your apartment. To do this, perform a simple calculation using the following formula:

Q=S*P*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7*R

The result of the calculations is Q - power sufficient to heat the apartment; watts are used as units of measurement. For variable S, select the total area of the apartment. P is the average amount of power sufficient to heat one square meter of a living room. In this case it is equal to 100 W/m2. Variables K1-K7 hide multipliers, whose value depends on certain factors that can affect the efficiency of the heating system. You can see their values in the table. What is p , You can read in our article.

Table. Correction factors for calculating the power of a heating boiler.

Coefficient	What does it mean	Values of this coefficient
K1	Type of windows in the apartment	For a single glass unit – 1.27, for a double-glazed unit – 1, for a three-chamber unit – 0.85
K2	Type of external walls in an apartment facing the street	For concrete - 1.5, for brickwork - 1.1, for the same, but with thermal insulation - 0.85
K3	Ratio of glazing area to apartment area	For 10% - 0.8, for 20% - 1.0, for 30% - 1.2, for 40% - 1.4
K4	Regional coefficient, selected based on the average minimum temperature in January	Up to -10°С – 0.7, -10°С – 0.8, -20°С – 1.0, -25°С – 1.1, -30°С – 1.2, less than -30°С – 1.5
K5	The number of walls in the apartment facing the street	One wall – 1, for a corner apartment – 1.2
K6	Type of room located above the apartment	For a residential floor - 0.82, for an insulated attic - 0.91, for a cold one - 1.
K7	Ceiling height in the apartment	For 2.5 m – 1.3 m – 1.05, 3.5 m – 1.1

Having multiplied the area of the apartment, the value of the average power and the correction factors, it remains to include the last variable in the formula - R. It denotes the reservation of heating boiler power and has a value from 1.15 to 1.25.

A separate issue is the choice of the type of boiler that will heat the apartment. It can be either gas or electric. In this section we will consider the first option.

Today, gas heating boilers are the most popular among equipment of this class. They perform well both in private houses and cottages, and in an autonomous heating system in a city apartment. The advantages of gas boilers over other devices include the following.

Cheap fuel. It is most profitable to heat an apartment, a house in the private sector or a country cottage with gas - the price of fuel is relatively low. Consequently, by abandoning centralized heating and switching to a similar heating boiler, you get the opportunity to save a lot of money and quickly recoup all redevelopment costs.
Silence– a modern boiler will not interfere with your sleep, relaxation or household chores.
Compactness– a medium-power heating boiler running on gas does not take up too much space. Its dimensions are comparable to one section of a kitchen cabinet.
Functionality– modern automation allows you to have greater freedom of action in setting up the operation of a gas boiler.

But such a device also has one drawback. It is connected with fuel - a gas boiler is a fire hazardous equipment. Therefore, it is better to entrust the connection to the energy supply to an experienced specialist who has the appropriate permits and approvals and has all the necessary tools and skills to work with it. You can see what it is and how to install it on our page.

Gas boilers, in turn, are divided into two main types - single- and double-circuit. In the first case, fuel is burned to heat only the coolant of the heating system and for nothing else. It also supplies you with hot water, the centralized supply of which you will also be able to refuse in the future.

Consider the structure of the boiler shown in the image above. This is a double-circuit heating device with separated heat exchangers - the upper one is used to heat the heating fluid, and the lower one is used for hot water used by the apartment residents. The pump creates the required level of pressure in the line. allows you to compensate for the increase in the volume of liquid in the heating system as the temperature rises. Combustion products formed during boiler operation are discharged into a coaxial chimney. Through it, the fan also draws in air from the street, which is necessary for the functioning of the combustion chamber.

How to make autonomous heating in an apartment? Which source of thermal energy is preferable? How to distribute heat throughout the rooms? The article does not contain ready-made and unambiguous answers; but, quite possibly, it will help you make a choice in favor of one solution or another.

The cost and quality of central heating often force you to look for your own way to heat your home.

Heat source

Here it is worth separating two fundamentally different scenarios:

Your region is characterized by severe winters with severely negative temperatures.
You are in a warm climate zone. The average temperature of your coldest winter month is not much below zero.

Scenario 1

In the first case, the choice is small - except for main gas, not a single source of thermal energy will give you tangible benefits compared to central heating.

Please note: yes, heating with wood or coal can be close to gas in terms of efficiency. However, remember: we are not talking about a private house with outbuildings, but about a compact city apartment. Storing several tons of fuel in it, not to mention the lack of space, is simply dangerous: the ceilings are not designed for heavy loads.

Why isn't bottled gas on our list of possible contenders? Not to mention some inconvenience of using replaceable cylinders, its use will increase costs by 6-8 times compared to the main one. Does it make sense to give up central heating if without it you will pay more for heating?

Gas is convenient not only because of its efficiency: all modern gas equipment can operate in a completely autonomous mode, without maintenance or control by the owner.

The obvious choice for a compact apartment is a gas double-circuit heating boiler with electronic ignition and a remote programmable thermostat, which will maintain the optimal mode for the current time of day in a fully automatic mode.

If you have enough space at your disposal, you should prefer a boiler with a storage boiler. It provides a more stable DHW temperature: trying to take a shower will not turn into a constant struggle with the mixer.

The boiler is convenient, but it will take up extra space.

The reader may get the impression that gas heating is ideal in all respects. Alas, this is not the case:

No matter how safe gas equipment is, household gas explosions occur periodically. The slightest leak can lead to fatal consequences.
The greasy soot characteristic of gas combustion will gradually clog the ventilation ducts into which combustion products are discharged. If they are discharged through a coaxial air duct onto the facade of the house, when the windows are open you will have to inhale the accompanying aromas.
The use of a gas boiler imposes strict requirements on the ventilation system in the room where it is installed. The exception is the notorious discharge of combustion products to the street through the wall of the house; but to bring the pipe through the facade, you again need permission. Which is not always possible to obtain.

The photo shows the air intake of a gas boiler.

Finally, the price of gas will inevitably increase exponentially in the coming years. Fossil fuel supplies are running out and demand is rising.

Scenario 2

The warm climate will, however, leave us with a very convenient loophole: an autonomous heating scheme for an apartment can be economical (and in the foreseeable future too) and absolutely safe.

Electric heating is a leader in safety and ease of use; however, energy costs are prohibitive. The reason is not only the high cost of a kilowatt-hour: direct heating is the most inefficient use of electricity.

Exit? It was invented a long time ago: heat pumps. These devices spend electricity not on heating the air, but on pumping heat from a low-potential source; at the same time, compared to direct heating, consumption is reduced by 3-5 times.

However, an apartment is very different from a house: we cannot use geothermal heat or the thermal energy of an ice-free reservoir. But the heat of the surrounding air is easy.

The solution is not perfect:

Existing air-to-air pumps ensure efficient operation at outdoor temperatures not lower than -25C. That is why the solution can be recommended exclusively for warm climate zones.
As the outside temperature drops, heat loss through walls and windows increases; At the same time, the output of thermal power for each kilowatt of electricity consumed decreases.
Finally, at the current cost of a kilowatt-hour of heat, this scheme still loses to gas, albeit slightly. However, taking into account the prospects, investing in a heat pump can be quite clearly called profitable. The energy sector of all countries is slowly but surely switching to renewable sources; As a result, thanks to low operating costs, the rise in electricity prices will VERY far lag behind the rise in prices of gas and other fossil fuels.

The forecast speaks for itself.

Practical implementation

Gas

How can you install autonomous heating in an apartment with your own hands if your choice is a gas boiler?

Let's start with procurement.

Materials

Let's remember: we are going to disconnect from central heating with its sometimes unpredictable parameters and the likelihood of water hammer. Both the temperature and pressure in the water heating system connected to the gas boiler will be fully controlled by us and will not exceed 2 kgf/cm2 and 80 degrees.

Therefore, there are no special requirements for the mechanical strength and heat resistance of pipes and heating devices. You can select them according to other criteria:

For radiators, the main goals are attractive appearance and maximum heat transfer in compact sizes.
For pipes - corrosion resistance, ease of installation and, again, appearance.

Of course, cheapness in both cases is also welcome.

After reviewing the modern market, making a choice is more than easy:

As for heating devices, we will focus on light, beautiful and inexpensive aluminum radiators with heat output of up to 210 watts per section.

Low cost is combined with excellent heat dissipation.

Polypropylene heating pipes will be the best for our purposes, thanks again to their low cost and durability coupled with simple installation using inexpensive tools. For our purposes, pipes with an outer diameter of 20 millimeters are quite sufficient.

Please note: polypropylene has a high coefficient of thermal expansion. That is why for heating and hot water distribution it is recommended to buy pipes reinforced with aluminum foil or fiber: when heated, they elongate only slightly more than a steel pipe.

From additional equipment we will need:

Thermostatic heads according to the number of radiators. After calibration, they will allow you to maintain a comfortable temperature in all rooms; We will transfer the responsibility of maintaining a constant coolant temperature to the boiler automation.
The valve is on the second line of each radiator. They will allow us to completely turn off the heating device for repairs or for any other purpose.
Mayevsky's taps are also similar to the number of heating devices.

A mandatory part of an autonomous heating system with forced circulation is, in addition to the above, a circulation pump and a safety group - a pressure gauge, an expansion tank, a safety valve and an automatic air vent. In practice, however, you almost certainly won’t have to look for them in stores: modern gas boilers are almost always equipped with this gentleman’s set.

The pump and safety group are part of the boiler.

How to calculate the number of sections of heating batteries? In this case, you can use an extremely simplified calculation scheme: for each room, take one section of a standard size per 2 m2 of its area; We will add 2 more sections to the final number of sections as insurance in case of extreme cold.

Useful: the instructions, among other things, are due to the fact that manufacturers indicate the thermal power of the section for a 70-degree temperature delta between the air in the room and the coolant. In practice it is often less.

Wiring

What does the actual heating installation look like - autonomous heating in an apartment or in a small one-story house?

The main circuit is laid along the perimeter of the room, passing through the internal partitions. The radiators cut into it in parallel, without breaking the circuit.
The insertion pattern for each radiator is diagonal or from bottom to bottom. In both cases, the thermal head is placed on the return line; The supply is equipped with a valve. The Mayevsky valve is installed in the upper radiator plug.
All radiators and connections are mounted strictly level. To install the bottling, clips-retainers are used, allowing the pipe to move into them during thermal expansion. If for bottling the horizon must be maintained mainly for aesthetic reasons, then if the radiators are installed incorrectly, you will encounter air bubbles and, as a result, hydraulic noise.

Radiators are always mounted strictly level.

After the heating has been installed and pressurized, you can invite a gas service representative to connect the boiler.

Electricity

Where to start autonomous heating of an apartment if your choice is air heat pumps?

Of course, with the selection of equipment that fully meets your needs. The modern market offers three options for the implementation of air electric heating:

Duct air conditioners. The heated air is distributed through air ducts from a single central unit.
Multisplit systems. One external unit is connected by highways to several internal ones.
Finally, devices independent of each other can be installed in each room.

Warning: Don't be alarmed by the word "air conditioning." An air-to-air heat pump is an inverter air conditioner adapted for heating at low temperatures. The difference often comes down only to the presence of a heating cable in the external unit, which prevents ice from freezing on the radiator.

The routing of air ducts after finishing the final finishing of the room will require repeated repairs. Ducted air conditioning means extra costs; and these devices themselves are very expensive.
For multi-split systems on sale, the thermal power output does not exceed 3.5 kW per kilowatt of electrical power. For the best inverter split systems (one external and one internal unit) it reaches 5 kW.

Thermal power - 2.9 kW. Power consumption - 580 watts.

What to choose is up to you.

Conclusion

As usual, the video attached to the article will tell you more about what apartment heating can be like. Warm winters!

otoplenie-gid.ru

Autonomous heating in the apartment is a guarantee of comfort

Everyone is familiar with the problems of central heating that constantly plague residents throughout the heating season. Even more inconvenience occurs in the off-season - autumn and spring. They significantly disturb the comfort of a cozy apartment. It is for this reason that more and more residents are striving to obtain permission for autonomous heating in their apartments and become completely independent of central heating. Individual heating allows you to get rid of all the problems associated with a centralized system.

Autonomous heating of the apartment

Separate heating options

Warm water floor

There are several ways to arrange personal heating in your apartment:

steam heating system based on gas and electric convectors as heat generators. The air is heated directly from the heat exchanger;
Another type or method of organizing autonomous heating is heated floors, which can also be heated from both electric and water coolants;
The most popular is autonomous heating, in a system in which the coolant is water heated by a boiler. Water heated to the required temperature gives off its heat to radiators installed in each room, and from them the air in the room warms up accordingly.

Depending on the coolant used, the heating system can be organized:

air;
liquid (water);
gas

According to the organization of the heat transfer method, they are distinguished:

convective system;
radiant system.

Convection heating system

According to the method of ensuring coolant circulation:

with natural circulation of the coolant, which is carried out due to the difference in the density of the coolant;
with forced circulation, provided using a circulation pump.

System composition

The autonomous heating system with water coolant includes:

boiler;
thermal radiators in each room (room);
a system of water pipes that carry out the task of transferring coolant from the heat generator to the radiators in the rooms;
circulation pump;
temperature control devices in the apartment.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual heating

The apartment's autonomous heating system allows you to independently draw up a time schedule of the required temperature in the rooms (the ability to program the operating mode of the autonomous system by the clock depending on the time people are in the apartment);
autonomous heating in an apartment building allows you to achieve maximum savings in electricity or gas consumption;
you can maintain an individual comfortable temperature in each room;
providing comfort in the off-season;
saving financial waste;
not a single kilowatt of electricity is wasted;
heating of the apartment is carried out evenly and with maximum efficiency;
ease of operation and management;
the ability to respond to external temperature changes, maintaining comfort indoors by increasing or decreasing the temperature of the coolant;
possibility of providing hot water supply. When water is taken, it is heated to the required temperature;
maximum comfort due to the installation of temperature sensors in each room (room);
The presence of non-volatile memory allows you to switch to previously installed settings after a power outage.

Room temperature sensor

Perhaps the most important disadvantage of an individual heating system is the long payback period, if we take into account the conversion (re-equipment) of an apartment for individual heating. It’s not so much the equipment that is expensive, but the welding and other work to refurbish the apartment, as well as the necessary documentation.

Heat generators

Boilers

A variety of boilers can be used to heat the coolant in the system. Depending on the fuel used, there are boilers operating:

solid fuel;
on gaseous;
on liquid diesel fuel;
from electrical energy;
on several types of fuel - combined.

According to the installation method there are:

in floor version;
for installation on a room wall.

Wall-mounted heating boiler

Floor-standing units are more bulky and heavier. They have more power, the heat exchanger is usually made of cast iron.

Wall-mounted domestic heating boilers are compact, save space and are less powerful. Their heat exchangers are made of steel.

Modern individual boilers make it possible to solve problems both with heating rooms and providing heating of running water. Therefore the following are produced:

single-circuit boilers that can only be used for heating;
double-circuit - used additionally to provide hot water supply.

Simpler models of devices are available with an open combustion chamber. Thanks to direct draft, their exhaust gases are removed through a specially equipped ventilation exhaust system. For the operation of such heat generators, fresh air is necessary.

For boilers with a closed combustion chamber, the fresh air necessary for the operation of the boiler comes from outside the apartment through a special chimney.

More economical boilers (condensing) use, in addition to the flame temperature, the heat of the condensate generated during the combustion process. Other convection models use only the heat of the flame in the combustion chamber to heat the coolant.

Convectors

A fairly popular way to organize autonomous heating of an apartment is using convectors. Such a heating system does not require pipes for coolant circulation. Convectors are installed under each window on the wall.

There are gas and electric convectors. They are very easy to install and install. It is enough to connect the convector to the gas system or to the electrical network (electric convectors). The price of convectors is much less than the cost of heating boilers.

Thanks to the wide variety, you can choose the optimal model for the heating system:

with cast iron heat exchanger body;
with a body made of steel;
lightweight aluminum heat exchangers;
operating on liquefied or natural gas;
according to technical design - floor-mounted, wall-mounted, mobile (portable stand-alone), intended for installation under the floor.

The combustion chamber of convectors is:

open type, when combustion products are removed due to draft through the chimney, and air to support combustion comes from the room.
closed type - exhaust gases are removed and fresh air is supplied through a specially equipped chimney.

Gas convector

Structurally equipped:

mechanical ignition (piezoelectric element);
electric ignition;
an additional fan to ensure forced air circulation in the room.

Advantages and disadvantages of convectors

Thanks to the wide variety of convector designs, you can perfectly match the model to the interior of the room, and it will be practically unnoticeable. On the contrary, you can order a convector in the form of a fireplace for maximum emphasis.

Disadvantages of an autonomous heating system based on convectors:

one device can heat only one room, the area of which corresponds to the passport data;
if the power of the device is not enough to sufficiently heat the room, you have to install additional devices.

Photo of radiator installation

Heating Equipment Guide

Obtain permission to install autonomous heating in the apartment;
Based on the tasks that will be assigned to the system, the parameters of the room, and your financial capabilities, you will decide on the type of autonomy;
Order a project for refurbishment of an apartment for individual heating;
Carry out preparatory work to maximize the insulation of the apartment outside and inside to minimize heat loss through window blocks, door blocks, walls;
If a decision is made to transfer the apartment to heating using an electric boiler, it is necessary to clarify the technical conditions for operation and lay a supply cable of the required cross-section in the apartment;
Perform the necessary calculations of the autonomous heating system;

Advice! For calculation, you can take the following data: 1 kW of heating boiler power per 10 sq.m. heated area. To this result you need to add another 20%.

Select the type of boiler that will be used as a heat generator (single-circuit or double-circuit). Provide automation for maintaining room temperature. For purchase, consider only certified devices that are safe to use;

Advice! When choosing a boiler, pay attention to the cost and other costs necessary for its maintenance.

Carry out the installation of the necessary equipment for the heating system with your own hands, install a heat generator;
Carry out work on connecting the boiler. The connection procedure can be seen in the video;
Check the heating system for leaks, eliminate fluid leaks;
Test the functioning of the system in different operating modes.

A high-quality boiler must contain:

certificate of conformity issued by the relevant authority;
conclusion of a sanitary examination on the use of heating equipment;
permission to commission the boiler, which is issued by the body that controls labor safety issues;
warranty book with a complete list of all service departments;

System calculation

By calculating an autonomous heating system for an apartment, we mean, first of all, calculating the power of the boiler and the correct selection of the power of room radiators.

Advice! If the apartment area is more than 100 sq.m. It is also necessary to include in the equipment calculation the circulation pump, if it is not built into the specific model of the boiler you have chosen.

It is believed that electric boilers are the cheapest and easiest to maintain. They require virtually no maintenance. The only thing that must be provided for and calculated accordingly is the load on the electrical network and the power of the power cable.

For a gas boiler, a mandatory condition must be met - gasification of the apartment. Modern gas boilers do not require special maintenance and are considered completely safe to use.

Heating system calculation

Solid and liquid fuel boilers are not used in apartments due to the inability to stock up on fuel.

Advice! Calculation (simplified) of the boiler, in order not to go too deep into the calculations, can be carried out using the formula: Wк = Wsp.*S/10, where Wsp. – power (specific) of the boiler per 10 sq.m., S – area that needs to be heated. The specific power of the boiler is assumed to be 1.5-2.0 kW.

Bottom line

It should be remembered that the reliability of the functioning of the heating system depends on the accuracy of the calculations, the correct installation of the heat generator and all components of the system, as well as the correctness of further use in compliance with all safety requirements, as stated in the operating instructions (see also the heating diagram with a double-circuit boiler).

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Individual heating in the apartment

Individual heating in an apartment implies the presence of a source of thermal energy (boiler, stove, fireplace) and is considered as an alternative to the so-called “central” heating, in which the source of thermal energy (boiler room, thermal power plant) is located outside the house at some distance from it.

All issues related to autonomous heating of apartments are resolved by their owners independently:

They determine the beginning and end of the heating season
Set a comfortable thermal mode
Perform equipment maintenance

Individual heating itself is not a new product. In most countries, there is simply no other way to heat apartment buildings.

In most of our country, until the middle of the last century, individual heating of apartments in multi-storey buildings was also practiced, but ordinary wood-burning stoves were used for this. The gas boilers that existed at that time were cumbersome, did not have a reliable automatic control system and were unsafe.

It is for this reason that the transition from stove-based autonomous heating to centralized heat supply, also called central heating, was perceived positively. And today, all apartments for sale in high-rise buildings have central heating, according to experts at https://rsti.ru, this has little effect on the price. It has a number of undeniable advantages:

Allows you to maintain stable comfortable indoor conditions
Does not require constant monitoring by the consumer
Safely

Moreover, during the socialist period of our country’s history, utilities were cheap, and it would hardly have occurred to anyone to save on heating their homes.

How to obtain permission for individual heating of an apartment

The easiest way is to obtain permission to install an electric heating boiler. To do this, it is enough to contact the regional electrical networks with a corresponding application. If technical conditions allow, it will be issued. However, the cost of thermal energy generated by an electric boiler may be higher than the cost of heat from a city-wide boiler house. It may turn out that you will have to pay more, not less, for heat with your own boiler.

Gas heating is another matter. Due to the low cost of natural gas, the cost of thermal energy generated by a gas boiler is low. However, it is more difficult to make individual heating of an apartment based on a gas boiler. To do this you need:

Obtain technical specifications for installing a gas boiler (from the city gas service)
Obtain a conclusion from the VDPO on the presence of a working chimney
Get neighbors' consent
Obtain permission from heating networks to dismantle heating appliances in your apartment

The easiest way to obtain permission to install a gas heating boiler is in apartments with gas water heaters: they already have a chimney, and the pressure in the gas pipeline is designed to ensure the operation of the water heater, the power of which is usually comparable to the power of the heating boiler.

It should be noted that in a number of regions of our country (whether everywhere or not, the author of the article could not find out for sure) a decision was made prohibiting the use of boilers with coaxial chimneys in apartments. Permission is given only for the installation of boilers with a closed fuel combustion chamber, with air intake from outside and exhaust of combustion products into the chimney. Sometimes it is possible to obtain permission to use an individual ventilation duct as a chimney, provided that it is available.

Only if you have all the permitting documentation can you begin installing an individual heating system in your apartment with your own hands.

Disadvantages of central water supply

Today, centralized heat supply has a number of disadvantages:

The cost of centralized heat supply is high and “unaffordable” for some consumers.
The heating season begins and ends in accordance with the current SNiP, regardless of the wishes of consumers
There is no optimal system for metering heat consumption for a single apartment, which means it is impossible to save on thermal energy consumption

All these reasons are good reasons for switching to individual heating in an apartment, the first stage of which is choosing a boiler

Choosing a heating boiler for installation in an apartment

In principle, any boiler can be used to heat an apartment if the necessary conditions for its operation are available, as well as with the consent of the neighbors.

Solid fuel boiler: requires a special chimney that meets fire safety requirements. Its installation is possible only in houses that previously had stove heating and have chimneys in satisfactory technical condition. For low-rise apartment buildings (up to 5 floors), it is possible to install a solid fuel boiler on a converted loggia and connect it to an autonomous chimney specially built for this purpose.
Liquid fuel boiler: requires not only a special chimney, but also a fuel storage tank, which is a significant obstacle to its installation. In addition, the operation of the boiler can hardly be called silent, which will certainly cause dissatisfaction with the neighbors.
Electric boiler: does not require a chimney, is compact and can be installed almost anywhere. The only limitation for its use in an apartment building may be the insufficient electrical power of the common house network
A gas boiler can only be connected to the main gas pipeline. Bottled gas cannot be used in an apartment building. If the apartment does not have a chimney, you can opt for boilers with a closed combustion chamber and a coaxial chimney. The only limitation for its installation may be the lack of pressure in the gas pipeline network, designed only for household gas stoves. In this case, connecting the boiler may lead to a drop in pressure in the gas pipeline.

Based on the above, we can conclude that for individual heating in an apartment it is better to use an electric or gas boiler with a closed combustion chamber and a coaxial chimney, which should be chosen depending on the specific needs of the consumer

How to heat water?

If hot water is supplied intermittently in the apartment, you can choose a double-circuit boiler designed for heating and hot water supply or install an indirect heating boiler, which allows you to solve both problems at the same time.

When choosing, it should be taken into account that in double-circuit gas heating boilers, the priority is heating hot water for domestic hot water supply (hot water supply), which starts automatically when the tap is opened. At this time, the coolant does not heat up and the batteries cool down.

If we take into account that the area of an ordinary apartment in an apartment building is 50-150 m2, then a heat generator with a capacity of 6 to 15 kW, with which you can heat a maximum of 8-9 liters of water per minute, is quite sufficient for heating it. This is enough to take a shower or wash dishes under running water. Simultaneous intake of hot water from several taps (in the kitchen and in the shower, for example) will lead to the fact that the degree of heating of the water will be insufficient.

The DHW problem can be solved using an indirect heating boiler, which provides a supply of hot water sufficient for a comfortable life, which can be installed in an autonomous heating system together with a double-circuit boiler, doing the work yourself. This is not difficult to do. Many manufacturers of heating equipment recommend this method of hot water supply to their customers, providing in the boilers, along with the water heating circuit, the possibility of connecting a storage boiler.

What to choose: floor, wall, parapet?

A characteristic feature of an individual heating system, implemented with your own hands, is the lack of free space: there is simply no room for a separate boiler room. For this reason, it is better to choose a wall-mounted or parapet boiler installed under the window sill. There is no fundamental difference between a parapet and wall-mounted boiler. They are equal parts comfortable and practical.

Selecting a heating device connection diagram

When doing individual heating in an apartment with your own hands, you should take into account that the radiators must be disconnected from the common riser, without interfering with the free movement of the coolant in the general heating circuit of the house. You cannot cut the riser and remove it from your apartment.

Heating devices can remain in their original places, but they will have to be connected (tied) in accordance with the chosen scheme.

It is better to immediately abandon the option of a gravity heating system in an apartment. To do this, it is necessary to install the boiler below the level of the return pipeline, placing the expansion tank at the highest point of the heating system. The optimal heating scheme for an apartment, which you can implement with your own hands, is a single-pipe or two-pipe with forced circulation of the coolant.

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Is autonomous heating allowed in the apartment?

In Russia, heat suppliers to homes do not always work conscientiously, so many people have to look for another source of heating for their apartments. They often think about autonomous heating. If clients come to you with a question about whether the installation of this type of heating is allowed, then you probably know that this topic is not so simple. Even experienced legal and expert companies that began their activities by collaborating with the website www.rusjur.ru and which were registered by RusYurZashchita note that the process of obtaining permission is very complicated, as is the installation itself. Sometimes autonomous heating requires redevelopment of the apartment and coordination of this redevelopment with different authorities.

To begin with, it must be said that most of the autonomous boilers run on gas, therefore, permission from the service provider organization is required. Moreover, it is important to find out who else has autonomous heating in their house. Unfortunately, Russian law allows the installation of no more than three boilers on one riser. At the same time, the kitchens of these apartments should not have a common wall with their neighbors, because according to the rules, boiler fixtures are required to discharge combustion products to the street. True, this applies to apartments in multi-storey buildings.

Surely, clients will ask you why redevelopment is needed? Again, according to the law, to install a turbo boiler, the kitchen must have the appropriate dimensions. If the room is small, then residents have to dismantle the wall, thereby expanding the space and taking away part of the area of another room. As mentioned above, the redevelopment is agreed upon by certain authorities, after which a project for installing autonomous heating is drawn up. Residents should be prepared to incur high costs for renovating the kitchen and other rooms after installing heating, especially if we are talking about a boiler that heats the entire living area. It is advisable to lay new pipes throughout the apartment.

Good lawyers know that the conditions for installing autonomous heating are different in many cities, so the assistance of a qualified lawyer for residents who want to give up central heating is mandatory. Of course, there are companies that install autonomous heating and promise to take on all the installation problems themselves, but it’s not worth the risk. Lawyers will provide real assistance, protect you from mistakes and make sure that the installation of the boiler is legal and safe.

Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators

Due to the extremely low quality of heating services in apartment buildings, their owners show a great desire to provide individual heating in the apartment. What is characteristic is that technically it is absolutely not difficult to implement this idea. But refusing the services of a heat supply organization and obtaining permission to install an individual heat source sometimes becomes an impossible task. All the problems that arise in order and how to solve them will be discussed in our article.

Sequencing

So, your apartment is very cold in winter and you are tired of paying for a service that is not actually provided. Be sure to document this fact by submitting appropriate applications to the heat energy supplier and the sanitary and epidemiological station. Such recording may subsequently play a role in obtaining a refusal and in court proceedings, should the case come to him.

For reference. In the countries of the post-Soviet space, there are many legislative acts on this topic, often contradicting each other. Because of this, the question of whether it is possible to install individual heating in an apartment often has to be resolved in court.

If you follow the right path, then the procedure should be as follows:

carrying out measures to formalize the refusal of centralized heating services and dismantling old systems;
obtaining permission to install an individual heat source from the relevant authorities;
choice of energy carrier for heating the apartment;
development of technical documentation. In simple words, you need to complete a heating project with a diagram for connecting the heat source to centralized utility networks;
coordinating it with the energy supplier and obtaining permission to install a heat generator;
installation work on the heating system.

In practice, the greatest difficulty is passing through the first 2 stages. The heat supply organization may prevent you from refusing services, citing various legislative acts. The same story may repeat itself with obtaining permission to renovate residential premises. You may have to enlist the help of a lawyer and even go to court. The intricacies of these issues should be studied on the appropriate Internet resources.

For reference. In Ukraine, the installation of individual heating in an apartment building is prohibited by the relevant decree; in the Russian Federation there is no direct prohibition, but there are a lot of restrictions in various regulatory documents that cause discrepancies.

Choice of energy carrier

In multi-storey residential buildings this choice is small; only natural gas and electricity are at your service. If you already had a gas water heater, then replacing it with a boiler will be somewhat easier, although you cannot do it without agreement with the gas supply office. It will be more difficult to introduce gas heating from scratch, this is due to the registration procedure, chimney inspection reports, and so on.

Often there is no alternative to natural gas as an energy carrier for an apartment, since individual electric heating is not available due to a limited power consumption limit. Another reason why you shouldn't settle for electric heaters is if you live in old houses with dilapidated wiring. Let’s say you replace it within the apartment, but what next? However, the electrical network maintenance company will not give permission under such circumstances.

If the listed restrictions do not exist, we choose the energy carrier for economic reasons. Much depends on the cost of gas and electricity in different countries. For example, the owner of an apartment with individual heating from electricity in the Russian Federation will pay more than for gas, in Ukraine - depending on the electricity tariff, and so on.

Installation of gas-powered equipment will definitely cost more than electric equipment.

Project development and installation work

It is at this stage that, together with the designer, it is determined what the individual heating system in the apartment will be and the boiler is selected according to its power. The latter is safely accepted at the rate of 100 W per 1 m2 of area, this is more than enough, since even a corner apartment has many common walls with its neighbors, and heat is not lost through these structures. The type of wiring can be selected depending on the size of the home. For small apartments, a single-pipe "Leningrad" is quite suitable, and for larger rooms - a traditional two-pipe system with lower wiring.

Please note that in an apartment, only wall-mounted gas or electric boilers are suitable for you, and they already have a built-in circulation pump, and sometimes an expansion tank. So the system will be closed with forced circulation.

In addition to developing a new scheme, the design documentation must contain a section reflecting the dismantling of the old system. Batteries and connections to them are subject to disassembly and disposal; risers passing through the apartment must not be touched. Instead of a cut-out bypass, a straight section of pipe must be welded. To prevent the heat supply company from continuing to charge you, the risers should be thermally insulated.

The new individual heating scheme should include the installation of radiators with thermostatic valves at the inlet. Aluminum radiators themselves are suitable; there is no point in installing bimetallic ones. As for the gas boiler, its type depends on the presence of a chimney shaft. When it is available, you can take a simple heater with an open combustion chamber.

Attention! It is prohibited to connect the boiler to exhaust ventilation shafts. If there is no chimney duct, then only a turbocharged heat generator with a closed chamber and a coaxial pipe for exhausting gases through the wall is suitable.

By the way, for convenience, you can install a double-circuit heat source, this will allow you to refuse centralized hot water supply in the future. Also, if desired, an individual heating system with heated floors can be implemented. Here you need to pay attention to the reliability of the interfloor ceiling. When you are not sure about it, it is not recommended to start installing a screed; it is better to install heated floors on wooden logs with a laminate coating.

Since power outages also happen in apartments, for reliable operation of the gas unit it is better to have an uninterruptible power supply unit. With electric heating, the situation is more complicated; we can only hope that the outage will not last long. You can install individual heating yourself, except for one area: connecting the heat generator to the gas or electrical networks of the building. You will have to contact your energy supplier for this service.

Conclusion

As you can see, the installation of new heating in an apartment has its own characteristics. Most of the time and effort will be taken by the documentary and permitting part, and it is not a fact that you will receive this permission. In fact, do-it-yourself individual heating allows you to significantly save money spent on central heating and hot water supply. Know that your efforts will not be in vain.

Here you will learn about heating in an apartment in an apartment building: installation diagram and installation of devices in the room, heating of common areas, how to install gas heating in one-room and two-room apartments.

Taking into account the cost of heat supply services, the most popular topic of discussion among the population today is their quality and options for getting rid of the “tutelage” of managing farms.

If you pay attention to the heating scheme of an apartment in multi-storey buildings, it is the same almost everywhere:

At the thermal station, the coolant (for multi-storey buildings - water) is heated in special boilers to a temperature of +130 -150 degrees.
To avoid the formation of steam, it is further supplied through heating mains under high pressure to residential buildings (you can find out more about this on our website).
Valves are installed at the entrance of the heating main pipe to the house, allowing you to control the level of water supply to its heating circuit.

Further distribution of the coolant depends on how the heating of the apartment building (residential) is supplied, that is, what name:

IMPORTANT! It is on a two-pipe system that you can set and control the heating temperature of radiators. If necessary, it can be reduced, creating significant savings. By the way, a circulation pump will also help save money. About how to choose it correctly and about the principle of operation.

As the practice of recent decades has shown, centralized heating in an apartment has ceased to be a “sentence”, since it has become possible (not for everyone!) to switch to individual heating of housing (read more on our website). In addition, it can be used to heat the bathroom. seems like an ideal option, read more about it in the next section.

Heating system

Many residents of high-rise buildings dream of equipping an apartment with their own boiler room or abandoning the central heating of an apartment in Moscow. According to the law, if the heating system in the house allows this, then apartment owners can begin the refusal procedure (find out about this on our website). It is important to know how to heat the apartment and what conditions must be met.

Before you think about what type of heating to install in your apartment, you need to collect all the necessary documents to dismantle the old equipment. Among them should be not only a technical passport, documents for ownership and an application, but also a new project for installing heating in the apartment.

The latter should be drawn up only after the commission has concluded that the apartment can be transferred to autonomous heating without causing damage to the other residents of the house and the centralized heating system as a whole.

IMPORTANT! The refusal procedure may take several months, so you need to be patient, and while visiting the offices, think about how to properly install heating in the apartment.

Individual heating has its advantages:

Creation of the necessary microclimate.
Regulation of heat supply and its quality.
Turning on the system when you really need it.
An ideal option for heating corner apartments.

But we must not forget that although you no longer have to deal with utilities, no one is exempt from paying for heating common areas in an apartment building.

Heating option for a two-room apartment (diagram):

Heating of common areas

Heat in hallways is another burden on consumers’ wallets. Since staircases, technical floors, basements or attics are part of a centralized heating system, the heat they receive must be paid for.

Unfortunately, a situation often occurs when the radiators in the entrance are heated, but it is cold inside. This is due to the fact that no one took care of reducing heat loss. Poorly closing entrance doors, lack of glass in the entrance windows, all this “eats up” the heat, for which the residents themselves have to pay.

Heating network workers must ensure that the heating in the entrance of an apartment building works effectively. In high-rise buildings, batteries are located on the ground floor and on all subsequent staircases in special niches.

If the system is outdated, then the service in charge of heat is obliged to replace it at its own expense, as well as carry out other work to prepare for the winter season:

insulate windows and balcony doors;
replace broken glass;
insulate the attic, if there is one, and the pipeline;
check the heating system before starting it;
repair entrance doors and insulate them.

If such work is not carried out and it is cold in the entrance, residents have the right to file a complaint against the management company and demand a recalculation for communal heating.

Basements

As a rule, initially basements in apartment buildings were planned as a place where all the nodes of heat and water communications were collected, ventilation also took place here, and the central sewage system of the building was located.

Currently, basements are often converted into cafes, gyms or shops. Heating the basement of an apartment building is part of a centralized system, which heating network technicians are required to look after. To prevent it from becoming a “black hole” in the budget of the house, it should be carefully insulated and this should be done, as in the entrance, by the heat supplier.

Residents of the building have the right to check how well the work has been done, since they are the ones who pay all the costs for heat, regardless of whether there is a common house meter or not.

Apartment heating

An apartment with apartment heating is an innovation in new buildings. This term means that the house will not be connected to a centralized heating system.

Such houses began to appear more and more often for several reasons:

The developer saves significantly, since he does not need to draw up a project, coordinate it with the heating network, communicate and install it.
Clients also like this approach of developers. Housing prices are significantly lower, independence from utilities and the ability to independently choose how to heat, all this makes the apartment more attractive.

IMPORTANT! Autonomous heating is currently a privilege not only for residents of new buildings, but also for old high-rise buildings. Although obtaining permission is troublesome and sometimes difficult, any owner can insist on their right to decide how to heat their home, even through the courts.

In many modern new buildings, double-circuit heating is installed in the apartment in advance, which is included in the price. This somewhat limits the choice of customers, but on the other hand, gas heating has its advantages.

Heating in the apartment: gas

If you believe today's statistics, then gas is still the cheapest type of heating in the country, and if you compare the prices of centralized heating and autonomous gas, then the latter is 3 times cheaper for the same heating of indoor air.

Installing gas heating in an apartment building has the following advantages:

Gas heating devices in apartment buildings have a couple of significant disadvantages:

Dependence on power supply. If there are frequent power outages in the region, then there is a chance of freezing in winter.
The high cost of the system and its installation, although its subsequent operation will more than return all investments.

Before you decide to switch to autonomous gas heating, you should consult with representatives of the heating network and a lawyer, since this type of heating is not allowed in all multi-storey buildings and regions.

Heating in the apartment - photo:

Heating made of polypropylene

Modern technologies do not stand still, and when replacing metal pipes, consumers increasingly prefer polypropylene.

Even a beginner can rebuild the heating in an apartment with his own hands from polypropylene, if he has the necessary equipment for this.

This type of pipe has its advantages:

They have a high level of thermal insulation, which provides additional safety when the coolant is too hot.
Polypropylene pipes are practically not subject to chemical, mechanical and corrosive influences.
It is easy to work with this material; it is enough to have a special soldering iron on hand.
This type of pipe is not afraid of temperature changes and easily tolerates freezing of the heating system.

IMPORTANT! When deciding to install, for example, autonomous heating of a 2-room apartment using polypropylene pipes, you must remember that they are not compatible with all heat sources. Most often they are installed when installing gas or.

Based on the above, we can draw the following conclusion:

As for heating the toilet in the apartment, the following option is possible - installing a warm infrared floor.

A very important question is also about what are they and why use them? Find out more on our website.

Heating in an apartment building in the modern world is a choice that each resident must decide independently.

It just so happens that the main housing stock in our cities is included in the service sector of utility companies. First of all, this relates to the issues of ensuring heat supply to city apartments during the heating season. The quality of the centralized heat supply system to consumers has always left much to be desired. The reason lies in the inefficiency of the existing service procedure. In addition, rising energy prices are forcing people to look for alternative ways to heat their homes.

Many apartment owners are trying to switch to autonomous heating of their apartments. What difficulties do you have to face in this case and how to make heating yourself - these are the main issues that concern our citizens today. We will try to solve the problem together and find answers to pressing questions.

Do you want to have your own heating? Algorithm of actions

Obtaining permission to disconnect

The desire of residents to improve the heating of their own apartment during the cold period is natural, if we take into account in our houses and what kind of utility costs they have to bear. At first glance, everything is simple. If you have money, take it and install a boiler in your home and heat it as you please. But there is one significant “but”. In our country, the independence of citizens, even in terms of managing their property, has its limitations. We are forced to heat our own homes using the services of public utilities. Any attempt to change the life support order of a city apartment encounters obstacles from the state.

Energy companies are monopolists in the heat supply market, and the state helps them in this by artificially limiting the ability of citizens to switch to autonomous sources of energy supply. in an apartment, made with your own hands is most often the result of a grueling struggle between residents and regulatory authorities. The whole problem is how to get permission to disconnect from the central heating supply. Existing technical standards do not allow you to independently obtain the right to autonomous heating of a city apartment without permission, even despite the fact that the Civil Code of the Russian Federation does not directly prohibit such actions for homeowners and the apartment owner has the right to refuse the services of a centralized heating system at any time. heat supply.

Important! Unauthorized shutdown of elements of the intra-house heating system is punishable by law and is an administrative offense. Article 7.21 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Violations gives a clear idea of the responsibility of residents in this regard.

Organizing independent heating of your apartment with your own hands means only one thing at the initial stage. You will have to independently seek official permission to disconnect from the central heating. Already at this stage you need to decide which type of home heating is optimal in your case.

On a note: in high-rise buildings (more than 9 floors) there is no centralized gas supply in order to increase the safety of operation of residential buildings. Therefore, gas heating is acceptable mainly for residents of old apartment buildings, where there is a centralized supply of household gas.

It is up to you to decide which heating to use, gas or electricity. The main thing is that the project meets the necessary building codes and safety standards.

The project must indicate all the necessary technical parameters of heating devices, a plan and diagram for their connection, as well as detailed hydraulic calculations. Only after all bureaucratic issues have been resolved can we directly address the technical side of the issue.

Dismantling old heating

Having dealt with the energy company and received permission to disconnect, you can move on to the next stage - dismantling the piping system and radiators of the intra-house system in the apartment. In this situation, you cannot do without the help of the management company or the housing office. It is necessary to agree with these services on the procedure for disconnecting the apartment from the intra-house heating communications. Only after this can dismantling begin.

In the process of work, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the sequence, cutting out exactly those nodes and elements of the system that correspond to the diagram. Otherwise, if the heat supply to other apartments is disrupted, you will have to answer not only according to the law for sabotage, but also bear the financial costs associated with paying a fine. You will have to restore damaged home communications at your own expense.

Work should begin by dismantling the main wiring elements. To give integrity to the central heating circuit, which is now useless to you, it is better to replace the riser by cutting in a new steel pipe of the same diameter instead of the old pipe. Having isolated yourself from the central heating supply, proceed to dismantling old pipelines and turning off heating appliances. Having isolated yourself from the central heating supply, proceed to dismantling and disconnecting.

For reference! There is a mandatory rule. It is strictly not recommended to use old wiring and radiators for new heating systems. Inconsistency of technical parameters, large contamination can lead to technological violations during the operation of autonomous heating.

Overview of the necessary equipment for an autonomous heating system

Gas or electricity. What's better

DIY starts with studying the project. All work must be carried out in strict accordance with technical documentation. Changing the method of heating an apartment on the fly, installing a boiler with a higher power than specified in the project and increasing the number of radiators is fraught with troubles.

Retreat: During the test launch of a finished heating system, a heating engineer must be present, who is responsible for the functionality of the new gas equipment. If there are obvious discrepancies between the available equipment and the technical data specified in the project, you may be refused to issue an official conclusion on the commissioning of gas heating.

Therefore, you need to decide in advance what is best for you - gas heating or electric heating, and which heating devices to install. The following requirements must be taken into account:

coordination of project documentation with the energy company supplying gas or electricity;
when installing gas heating, it will be necessary to install a coaxial chimney on the street;
in the case of electric heating, it will be necessary to re-equip the home electrical wiring, install a three-phase meter and electrical circuit breakers;
apartments equipped with gas boilers require installation of supply and exhaust ventilation;
Direct connection of the boiler to the pipeline and start-up work is carried out by an authorized person, a representative of the gas distribution organization.

How to properly connect heating equipment, how to install a boiler and start the entire heating system in accordance with established standards, it is better to contact specialists on these and other issues.

It would be appropriate to remind you that choosing electric heating will not give you advantages and real savings. Heating an apartment directly with electricity is an expensive pleasure. Only by installing a multi-tariff meter will you be able to achieve a tangible economic effect. Often restrictions on the operation of electric heating are imposed by an established consumption limit. Excessive consumption of electricity will lead to unexpected costs for light and worsening temperature conditions.

A gas boiler. What are the options?

Having decided for yourself the cardinal question - the apartment will have gas heating, start by assessing the heating equipment market. Here you will have to take into account not only heat losses, but also the limited area of the apartment, the number of inhabitants and your own household needs.

When choosing the type of heating boiler, place the main emphasis on a wall-mounted model. Today the market for such equipment is quite widely represented. You can always choose either a gas or an electric boiler of the appropriate power. You should not immediately grab models with high power. For a city apartment, you can get by with a 6-10 kW boiler. An approximate calculation applies here - 1 kW of thermal energy is needed to heat 10 m2 of living space with average thermal characteristics of the walls.. To this figure you can add 10-15% for heat losses.

On a note: the power of heating boilers is taken literally - without any extra charges or coefficients, since modern models have high efficiency.

Purchasing a double-circuit gas boiler is the best option to gain real independence from central heating and hot water supply. How to make heating in an apartment with your own hands using electricity, the answer is simple - you can use wall-mounted heating units with heating elements.

On a note: installation of electric boilers equipped with induction or electrode heaters will require additional installation of equipment and a control panel.

You can install a heated floor in your apartment, but in this case the best option would be not an electric floor, but a water floor. This heating method is very convenient, since the water heated floor can be connected to the main heating circuit.

Installation. Step-by-step guide to action

Wiring can be done with both metal and plastic pipes.

Making plastic heating with your own hands is much simpler and easier than working with steel pipes and shut-off valves.

The latter option looks preferable, since it does not require welding, everything is done carefully and quickly. Polypropylene pipes are durable and not subject to internal corrosion. Making your own heating from plastic pipes is much easier than working with steel pipes.

If the boiler is equipped with a circulation pump, the optimal option for heating a small two-room apartment would be a one-pipe heating system in which the number of radiators does not exceed 4-5 pieces.

The diagram shows that for a single-pipe system, connecting radiators diagonally is ideal. In this case, the coolant will be in full contact with the entire internal surface of the batteries.

For apartments with a larger living area, you need to use a two-pipe system, and if you plan to connect a heated floor and a hot water supply system, then you will also need a double-circuit boiler. The heating efficiency of all radiators in an apartment with a two-pipe system is higher than with a single-circuit system. With a two-pipe heating system in an apartment, bottom wiring and the corresponding type of radiator connection are usually used. In the diagram you can see how the pipes are arranged in the apartment, how the batteries are connected and how the hot water supply is organized in the house. The circuit, made of plastic pipes, can easily be replaced or its configuration changed if necessary.

Important! Installation of plastic heating systems is carried out only using reinforced polypropylene pipes. Unlike conventional plastic pipes, such material is not subject to large linear expansion under the influence of high coolant temperatures.

Or aluminum foil. Thanks to this design, reinforced polypropylene pipes are able to withstand high pressure (up to 25 atm.) and significant heat, in the range of 70-90 0 C. Pipes reinforced with glass fiber have a higher linear expansion rate and a tendency to bend under the influence of high temperature. Therefore, it is very important for them to pay increased attention to compensation for temperature extensions.

To ensure that each radiator can be turned off separately, it is necessary to equip them with a shut-off valve and thermostats, with which you can regulate the heating temperature in the room.

Initially, decide which type of radiator is right for you. Cast iron radiators are more reliable, but this type is characterized by high cost and cumbersome design. Bimetallic radiators are most widely used in heating systems today. The combination of steel and aluminum gives this material high performance characteristics. Steel can withstand high pressure in the system, and aluminum has excellent heat dissipation.

Low price, high technology and ease of installation make bimetallic radiators highly popular. The batteries are installed on brackets that are mounted directly into the walls. The optimal location for installing a radiator in an apartment is under a window, at a distance of no more than 10-12 cm from the window sill and at the same distance from the floor. The distance between the panels and the rear wall of the radiator should not be less than 5 cm.

On a note: You should not install heating radiators on walls adjacent to neighboring apartments. In this case, the connected radiator will warm you and your neighbors. You will pay for your neighbors' heating from your own pocket.

You choose the type of connection of radiators to pipes yourself. There are four options for connecting batteries to the pipeline:

diagonal or cross;
one-sided;
lower;
single-pipe.

The diagram below shows all four connection options with all the ensuing consequences.

Conclusion

Having completed the basic work on wiring and connecting radiators in the apartment, you can begin connecting the system to heat-generating equipment. You can set up the operation of the boiler in the presence of a specialist from the gas service. In his presence, it is necessary to check the operation of the gas boiler in all modes and adjust the operation of the automation.

The video explains in detail how you can do everything yourself